CN112495337A - Method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using oil-containing sludge - Google Patents

Method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using oil-containing sludge Download PDF

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CN112495337A
CN112495337A CN202011249940.6A CN202011249940A CN112495337A CN 112495337 A CN112495337 A CN 112495337A CN 202011249940 A CN202011249940 A CN 202011249940A CN 112495337 A CN112495337 A CN 112495337A
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sludge
oil
filter material
iron
preparing
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CN112495337B (en
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黄涛
曹振兴
杜晶
宋东平
刘龙飞
张树文
金俊勋
周璐璐
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Dingbian Guanbo Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • B01J20/106—Perlite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
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    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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Abstract

A method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by utilizing oil-containing sludge, belonging to the technical field of harmless treatment of wastes in crude oil exploitation. The method comprises the following steps: weighing hematite powder and oil sludge according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain iron-carrying oil sludge; introducing the iron-carrying oil sludge into a plasma reaction tank, continuously exposing air from the bottom of the plasma reaction tank, and performing low-temperature plasma irradiation on the iron-carrying oil sludge in the plasma reaction tank to obtain volatile component-removed active iron-carrying oil sludge; respectively weighing calcium oxide powder and perlite powder according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain calcium-doped perlite powder; respectively weighing calcium-doped perlite powder and the volatile component-removed active iron-loaded oil sludge according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare ceramsite, and then sequentially drying, sintering at high temperature, and slowly cooling to obtain the ceramsite filter material. The oil quality and the argillaceous quality in the oil sludge can be fully utilized; the preparation process steps are short, cheap and easy to obtain; the high oil-containing sludge is prevented from damaging soil and a water system.

Description

Method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using oil-containing sludge
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of waste in crude oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by using oily sludge.
Background
The high oil-containing sludge mentioned above means sludge having an oil content of 16 to 60%. The crude oil is used in many links from exploitation to processing, and a large amount of oily sludge is generated. The petrochemical industry in China produces about 300 million tons of sludge every year. The oily sludge is called solid hazardous waste because the oily sludge contains aromatic hydrocarbon substances, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and radioactive elements, has stronger carcinogenicity and great harm to human health. If the oily sludge is directly buried or discharged without being treated, the physical and chemical structure of the soil can be directly damaged, and toxic pollutants are easily transferred to underground water and surface plants, so that the natural environment is damaged.
At present, the technologies for realizing resource utilization of oily sludge mainly comprise a solvent extraction method, a centrifugal separation method, a thermal desorption method and a pyrolysis method. The solvent extraction method has low equipment requirement, an industrial treatment platform is easy to build, but a large amount of extractant is easily consumed in the oil sludge treatment process by the solvent extraction method. Meanwhile, a single extracting agent cannot be used for treating oil sludge generated in different links. The centrifugal separation method is simple to operate, but the occupied area is large, the yield of the waste liquid containing pollutants is high, and the treatment difficulty is large. The thermal desorption method needs to be carried out under the condition of vacuum or introduction of carrier gas, a certain amount of usable oil can be recycled in the disposal process through condensation and adsorption links, but the recycling efficiency is low, and the disposed sludge is still dangerous waste and still needs to be further treated. The pyrolysis method is to heat the oil sludge in an oxygen-free or anaerobic environment, so that heavy components in the oil sludge are thermally decomposed into light components and volatilized.
In recent years, with the increasing awareness of resource recycling, the resource utilization of the oil-containing sludge is more and more important and is not disclosed in published chinese patent documents, such as CN103553040B (a method for preparing porous carbon by co-pyrolysis of petroleum coke and oil-containing sludge), CN109761460B (an oil stain preparation for treating oil sludge, a preparation method and a use method) and CN110078070A (a preparation method of an oil-containing sludge carbon-attached material for treating oil-containing sewage).
Typically, CN103241970B recommends "a sintered expanded lightweight ceramsite produced from oily sludge and its preparation method", the fourteen raw materials and their weight parts in the patent can be referred to paragraphs 0009 to 0022 of the specification, and the specific preparation method can be referred to paragraphs 0028 to 0029 of the specification. From a detailed reading of this patent specification: the oily sludge is not the sludge produced in the above-mentioned crude oil extraction, but the oily sludge produced in the sewage treatment plant during the treatment of sewage.
The ceramsite filter material has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, scouring resistance, abrasion resistance, stable physical and chemical properties and the like, and has the advantages of rich micropores, rough surface, large specific surface area, long service life, abrasion resistance, excellent adsorption performance, uniform particles, proper density, difficulty in hardening, small loss, strong dirt interception capability, high film forming efficiency, large void ratio, long backwashing period, easiness in backwashing and the like, so that the ceramsite filter material has wide application. Therefore, the exploration of the preparation of the ceramsite filter material by utilizing the oily sludge generated in the crude oil exploitation has positive significance. However, there are no cited technical suggestions in the patent documents not limited to the above, and there are no corresponding technical suggestions in the Chinese and foreign non-patent documents so far, and the technical solutions to be described below are made in this context.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by utilizing oil-containing sludge, which can effectively solve the problems of secondary pollution and safety caused by volatile organic pollutants in oil sludge, can fully utilize the oil quality and the argillaceous quality in the oil sludge, can avoid the pollution caused by the volatilization of the volatile organic compounds in the treatment process, and well embody the resource utilization value.
The task of the invention is completed in such a way that the method for preparing the ceramsite filter material by utilizing the oily sludge comprises the following steps:
A) preparing iron-carrying oil sludge, respectively weighing hematite powder and oil sludge according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the iron-carrying oil sludge;
B) preparing the volatile-removed iron-carrying oil sludge, introducing the iron-carrying oil sludge obtained in the step A) into a plasma reaction tank, continuously exposing air from the bottom of the plasma reaction tank, and simultaneously performing low-temperature plasma irradiation on the iron-carrying oil sludge in the plasma reaction tank to obtain volatile-removed active iron-carrying oil sludge;
C) preparing calcium-doped perlite powder, respectively weighing calcium oxide powder and perlite powder according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the calcium-doped perlite powder;
D) preparing a finished ceramsite filter material, respectively weighing the calcium-doped perlite powder obtained in the step C) and the volatile component-removed active iron-carrying oil sludge obtained in the step B) according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare ceramsite, drying and sintering at high temperature in sequence, controlling the time of high-temperature sintering, and then slowly cooling to obtain the ceramsite filter material.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, said mass ratio of hematite powder to said sludge in step a) is from 2 to 6: 100.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, the irradiation time of the iron-loaded sludge in the plasma reaction tank by plasma irradiation in the step B) is 0.5-1.5h, and the plasma action voltage is 5-50 kV.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the plasma is a low temperature plasma.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder in step C) is 5-15: 100.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized activated sludge in step D) is 10-20: 100.
In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the drying in step D) is to introduce the ceramsite into a drying device to dry at 100-150 ℃ for 2-12 h.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the high temperature sintering in step D) is 1000-.
In still a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the slow cooling in step D) means slow cooling to room temperature with the furnace.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the technical effects that: because the oily sludge is prepared into the ceramic filter material, the secondary pollution and the safety problem caused by volatile organic sludge in the oil sludge are effectively solved, the oil quality and the argillaceous quality in the oil sludge can be fully utilized, the pollution caused by volatile organic matters in the treatment process can be avoided, and the resource utilization value can be well embodied; because the preparation process steps are short and the used raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the method not only can meet the requirement of industrial preparation, but also can avoid the high-oil-content sludge from damaging soil and water systems so as to embody good environmental protection significance and the spirit of circular economy; the ceramsite filter material prepared by the method can remove more than 93 percent of COD, more than 92 percent of ammonia nitrogen, more than 95 percent of total phosphorus and more than 89 percent of heavy metal lead in garbage infiltration, and can be widely used in various fields.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
A) preparing iron-carrying oil sludge, respectively weighing hematite powder and oil sludge (oil-containing sludge produced in crude oil exploitation, the same applies below) according to the mass ratio of 4:100, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the iron-carrying oil sludge;
B) preparing the volatile iron-carrying oil sludge, namely introducing the iron-carrying oil sludge obtained in the step A), namely pouring the iron-carrying oil sludge into a low-temperature plasma reaction tank, and continuously exposing air from the bottom of the low-temperature plasma reaction tank (namely the bottom of the reaction tank), namely continuously introducing air into the tank from the bottom of the low-temperature plasma reaction tank to carry out aeration treatment on the iron-carrying oil sludge in the tank, and simultaneously carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the iron-carrying oil sludge in the low-temperature plasma reaction tank for 1.5h (namely the irradiation time is 1.5h), wherein the plasma action voltage is 5kV, so as to obtain the volatile active iron-carrying oil sludge;
C) preparing calcium-doped perlite powder, respectively weighing calcium oxide powder and perlite powder according to the mass ratio of 5:100, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the calcium-doped perlite powder;
D) and (2) preparing a finished ceramsite filter material, weighing the calcium-doped perlite powder obtained in the step C) and the volatile component-removed active iron-loaded oil sludge obtained in the step B) according to the mass percentage of 10:100, mixing and uniformly stirring the calcium-doped perlite powder and the volatile component-removed active iron-loaded oil sludge, preparing ceramsite by a granulating device, introducing the ceramsite into a drying device such as an oven, drying for 12 hours at 100 ℃, sintering for 30 minutes at the high temperature of 1000 ℃, and slowly cooling to the room temperature along with the oven to obtain the ceramsite filter material.
The practical application of the ceramsite filter material obtained in the embodiment to filtration of landfill leachate is as follows:
the source of the landfill leachate is the landfill leachate taken from China riverA sanitary landfill site for domestic garbage of Qinglongshan mountain in Su province and Lian Yun gang city. The mass concentration of COD in the landfill leachate is 1267mg/L, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 846mg/L, the total phosphorus is 154mg/L, and lead ions (Pb) are contained2+)12mg/L。
The garbage leachate filtration test by using the ceramsite filter material obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the ceramsite filter material into a cylindrical leakage barrel with the diameter of 20cm and the length of 40cm, and compacting to obtain the filter column. 1L of filtrate is poured from the upper end of the filter column at the speed of 20mL/min, and the liquid collected from the lower end of the filter column is the treated leachate.
COD concentration detection and COD removal rate calculation: the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the landfill leachate is measured according to the national standard bichromate method for measuring water quality chemical oxygen demand (GB 11914-1989); the COD removal rate was calculated according to the formula (1), wherein RCODAs the removal rate of COD, c0And ctThe COD concentration (mg/L) of the landfill leachate before and after treatment is respectively.
Figure BDA0002771283630000041
Detecting the ammonia nitrogen concentration and calculating the ammonia nitrogen removal rate: the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the landfill leachate is measured according to salicylic acid spectrophotometry for measuring ammonia nitrogen in water (HJ 536-2009); the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is calculated according to the formula (2), wherein RNFor ammonia nitrogen removal, cN0The initial concentration (mg/L) of ammonia nitrogen in the landfill leachate before treatment, cNtThe residual ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) in the treated landfill leachate is adopted.
Figure BDA0002771283630000042
And (3) detecting the concentration of total phosphorus and calculating the removal rate of the total phosphorus: the concentration of total phosphorus in the landfill leachate is measured according to the determination of total phosphorus in water quality (GB 1893-89); the total phosphorus removal was calculated according to formula (3), where RpAs a total phosphorus removal rate, cp0Is the initial concentration of total phosphorus in the landfill leachate before treatmentDegree (mg/L), cptThe residual concentration (mg/L) of the total phosphorus in the landfill leachate after treatment is adopted.
Figure BDA0002771283630000043
Detecting the concentration of lead ions and calculating the removal rate: the lead ion concentration in the landfill leachate is measured according to inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (HJ776-2015) for measuring 32 elements in water quality. The lead ion removal rate was calculated according to the formula (4) wherein RpbAs lead ion removal rate, cPb0Is the initial concentration (mg/L) of lead ions in the landfill leachate before treatment, cPbtThe lead ion concentration (mg/L) in the treated landfill leachate is adopted.
Figure BDA0002771283630000051
The test results of this example are shown in Table 1. For convenience of explanation, examples in which the mass ratio of hematite powder to sludge was 2:100 and 6:100 were also used in table 1.
Table 1 shows the influence of the mass ratio of hematite powder and oil sludge on the effect of the prepared ceramsite filter material on purifying landfill leachate
Figure BDA0002771283630000052
As can be seen from table 1, when the mass ratio of hematite powder to oil sludge is less than 2:100 (as shown in table 1, when the mass ratio of hematite powder to oil sludge is 1.5:100, 1:100, 0.5:100 and lower ratios not listed in table 1), the hematite powder is less, the degradation efficiency of volatile organic compounds and the foaming effect of ceramsite are poor, and the removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and lead in landfill leachate is significantly reduced as the mass ratio of hematite powder to oil sludge is reduced. When the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge is 2-6: 100 (as shown in table 1, when the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge is 2:100, 4:100 and 6: 100), the iron-based material in the iron-loaded oil sludge can be used as a catalyst, so that the reaction effect of free radicals and oily substances is improved. During the sintering process, oily substances and hematite powder in the ceramsite are decomposed, and the perlite expands under heating, so that the ceramsite body is foamed, the compacted density of the ceramsite is reduced, and the permeability and the adsorbability of the ceramsite are enhanced. And the COD removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, the phosphorus removal rate and the lead removal rate in the final landfill leachate are all more than 81%, 78%, 84% and 74%. When the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge is greater than 6:100 (as shown in table 1, when the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge is 7:100, 8:100 and 9:100 and higher ratios not listed in table 1), the hematite powder is too much, and calcium ions and sodium salts are adsorbed by the hematite powder in the sintering process, so that the sintering effect of ceramsite is poor, and the removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and lead in the landfill leachate are remarkably reduced along with the further increase of the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge. Therefore, in a comprehensive aspect, the benefit and the cost are combined, and when the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge is equal to 2-6: 100, the effect of purifying the landfill leachate by using the prepared ceramsite filter material is improved.
Example 2:
only the mass ratio of hematite powder to sludge in step a) was changed to 6:100, respectively; changing the low-temperature plasma irradiation time in the step B) to 1h, and changing the low-temperature plasma action voltage to 27.5 kV; changing the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder and the perlite powder in the step C) to 15: 100; changing the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder and the devolatilization active iron-loaded oil sludge in the step D) to 15:100, changing the drying temperature to 125 ℃ and the drying time to 7h, and respectively changing the sintering temperature and the sintering time to 1100 ℃ and 20 min. The rest is the same as described in example 1.
The practical application example of the ceramsite filter material obtained in the embodiment to filtration of landfill leachate is as follows:
the landfill leachate source was the same as in example 1.
The landfill leachate filtration test, the COD concentration detection and the calculation of the COD removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen concentration detection and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate calculation, the total phosphorus concentration detection and the total phosphorus removal rate calculation, and the lead ion concentration detection and the removal rate calculation are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The test results of this example are shown in Table 2. In addition, for convenience of illustration, examples in which the mass ratios of the calcium oxide powder and the perlite powder are 5:100 and 10:100 are added in Table 2.
Table 2 shows the effect of the calcium oxide powder and the perlite powder on the purification of the landfill leachate by the ceramsite filter material prepared by the method
Figure BDA0002771283630000061
As can be seen from table 2, when the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is less than 5:100 (as shown in table 2, when the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is 4:100, 3:100, 2.5:100 and lower ratios not listed in table 2), the calcium oxide powder is less, the volatilization amount of oily substances in the sintering process is increased, the consolidation effect of the ceramsite is poor, and the removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and lead in the landfill leachate is significantly reduced along with the reduction of the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder. When the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is 5-15: 100 (as shown in table 2, when the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is 5:100, 10:100, 15: 100), the calcium-doped perlite powder is mixed with the volatile component removing active iron-loaded oil sludge, and the calcium-doped perlite powder can adsorb oily substances of the oil sludge in the stirring process, so that the volatilization amount of the oily substances at the initial sintering stage is reduced. During sintering, calcium ions are melted with sodium salt and potassium salt in perlite, so that the ceramsite is solidified. And finally, the COD removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, the phosphorus removal rate and the lead removal rate of the landfill leachate are all higher than 86%, 84%, 88% and 81%. When the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is greater than 15:100 (as shown in table 2, when the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is 16:100, 18:100, 20:100 and higher ratios not listed in table 2), the calcium oxide powder is excessive, the ceramsite is excessively fused in the sintering process, and the foaming and permeability of the ceramsite are poor, so that the removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and lead in the landfill leachate is remarkably reduced along with the further increase of the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder. Therefore, in summary, the benefit and the cost are combined, and when the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder is 5-15: 100, the effect of purifying the landfill leachate by using the prepared ceramsite filter material is improved.
Example 3:
only the mass ratio of hematite powder to sludge in step a) was changed to 2:100, respectively; changing the low-temperature plasma irradiation time in the step B) to 1.5h, and changing the low-temperature plasma action voltage to 50 kV; changing the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder and the perlite powder in the step C) to 10: 100; changing the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder and the devolatilization active iron-loaded oil sludge in the step D) to 20:100, changing the drying temperature to 150 ℃ and the drying time to 2h, and respectively changing the sintering temperature and the sintering time to 1200 ℃ and 10 min. The rest is the same as described in example 1.
The practical application example of the ceramsite filter material obtained in the embodiment to filtration of landfill leachate is as follows:
the landfill leachate source was the same as in example 1.
The landfill leachate filtration test, the COD concentration detection and the calculation of the COD removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen concentration detection and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate calculation, the total phosphorus concentration detection and the total phosphorus removal rate calculation, and the lead ion concentration detection and the removal rate calculation are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The test results of this example are shown in Table 3. In addition, for the sake of illustration, the mass percentages of the calcium-doped perlite powder and the devolatilized activated iron-loaded sludge are increased to 10:100 and 15:100 in Table 3.
Table 3 shows the effect of the quality ratio of calcium-doped perlite powder to the mass ratio of the volatile component-removing active iron-loaded oil sludge on the purification of the landfill leachate by the prepared ceramsite filter material
Figure BDA0002771283630000071
Figure BDA0002771283630000081
As can be seen from table 3, when the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized active iron-loaded sludge is less than 10:100 (as shown in table 3, when the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized active iron-loaded sludge is 9:100, 7:100, 5:100 and lower ratios not listed in table 3), the amount of the calcium-doped perlite powder is less, the volatilization amount of the oily substances is increased during the sintering process, and the ceramsite consolidation and compaction density reduction effects are poor, so that the removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and lead in the landfill leachate are all significantly reduced along with the reduction of the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized active iron-loaded sludge. When the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilization active iron-loaded oil sludge is 10-20: 100 (as shown in table 3, when the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilization active iron-loaded oil sludge is 10:100, 15:100, or 20: 100), the calcium-doped perlite powder can adsorb oily substances of the oil sludge during stirring, so that the volatilization amount of the oily substances at the initial stage of sintering is reduced. During sintering, calcium ions are melted with sodium salt and potassium salt in perlite, so that the ceramsite is solidified. During the sintering process, oily substances and hematite powder in the ceramsite are decomposed, and the perlite expands under heating, so that the ceramsite body is foamed, the compacted density of the ceramsite is reduced, and the permeability and the adsorbability of the ceramsite are enhanced. And the COD removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, the phosphorus removal rate and the lead removal rate in the final landfill leachate are all more than 88%, 87%, 91% and 85%. As can be seen from table 3, when the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized active iron-loaded oil sludge is greater than 20:100 (as shown in table 3, when the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized active iron-loaded oil sludge is 21:100, 23:100, 25:100, and higher ratios not listed in table 3), the calcium-doped perlite powder is too much, and the too much perlite is heated and expanded during the sintering process of the ceramsite, so that the consolidation and permeability effects of the ceramsite are deteriorated, and the removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and lead in the landfill leachate are all significantly reduced as the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilized active iron-loaded oil sludge is further increased. Therefore, in summary, the benefit and the cost are combined, and when the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilization active iron-loaded oil sludge is 10-20: 100, the effect of purifying the landfill leachate by using the prepared ceramsite filter material is improved.
The reaction mechanism of the above examples 1 to 3 is as follows:
and continuously aerating the iron-bearing oil sludge and performing low-temperature plasma treatment, wherein volatile organic matters in the oil sludge can be transferred from the oil sludge to the air by the exposed air and heat released in the low-temperature plasma treatment process. In the low-temperature plasma treatment process, oxygen and water vapor in the air can be ionized and dissociated by the high-energy discharge channel released by the high-voltage electrode end of the low-temperature plasma to generate hydroxyl radicals, oxygen radicals and hydrogen radicals. The hydroxyl radical, the oxygen radical and the microwave and the ultraviolet ray released in the discharge channel can not only convert the organic atmosphere volatilized from the oil sludge into carbon dioxide and water vapor, but also catalyze and pre-degrade high-viscosity oily substances in the oil sludge, thereby improving the thermal decomposition effect of the oil sludge in the sintering process. The iron-based material in the iron-loaded oil sludge can be used as a catalyst, and the reaction effect of free radicals and oily substances is improved. After the calcium-doped perlite powder and the volatile component-removed active iron-loaded oil sludge are mixed, the calcium-doped perlite powder can adsorb oily substances of the oil sludge in the stirring process, so that the volatilization amount of the oily substances in the initial sintering stage is reduced. During sintering, calcium ions are melted with sodium salt and potassium salt in perlite, so that the ceramsite is solidified. During the sintering process, oily substances and hematite powder in the ceramsite are decomposed, and the perlite expands under heating, so that the ceramsite body is foamed, the compacted density of the ceramsite is reduced, and the permeability and the adsorbability of the ceramsite are enhanced.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the oil sludge can be converted into the ceramsite filter material, the conversion process is divided into two steps, the first step is to reduce volatile organic compounds in the oil sludge and pretreat oily substances in the oil sludge to improve the decomposition effect of the oil sludge in the sintering process; and the second step is to carry out burdening and sintering on the objects treated in the first step, thereby realizing the preparation of the high-adsorption ceramsite. The ceramsite prepared by the method can remove 93 percent of COD, 92 percent of ammonia nitrogen, 95 percent of total phosphorus and 89 percent of lead in the landfill leachate.
In conclusion, the technical scheme provided by the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, successfully completes the invention task and truly realizes the technical effects of the applicant in the technical effect column.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by utilizing oil-containing sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A) preparing iron-carrying oil sludge, respectively weighing hematite powder and oil sludge according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the iron-carrying oil sludge;
B) preparing the volatile-removed iron-carrying oil sludge, introducing the iron-carrying oil sludge obtained in the step A) into a plasma reaction tank, continuously exposing air from the bottom of the plasma reaction tank, and simultaneously performing low-temperature plasma irradiation on the iron-carrying oil sludge in the plasma reaction tank to obtain volatile-removed active iron-carrying oil sludge;
C) preparing calcium-doped perlite powder, respectively weighing calcium oxide powder and perlite powder according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the calcium-doped perlite powder;
D) preparing a finished ceramsite filter material, respectively weighing the calcium-doped perlite powder obtained in the step C) and the volatile component-removed active iron-carrying oil sludge obtained in the step B) according to the mass ratio, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare ceramsite, drying and sintering at high temperature in sequence, controlling the time of high-temperature sintering, and then slowly cooling to obtain the ceramsite filter material.
2. The method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by using oil-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the hematite powder to the oil sludge in step A) is 2-6: 100.
3. The method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by using the oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation time of plasma irradiation on the iron-loaded sludge in the plasma reaction tank in the step B) is 0.5-1.5h, and the plasma action voltage is 5-50 kV.
4. The method for preparing the ceramsite filter material by using the oily sludge according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the plasma is low-temperature plasma.
5. The method for preparing the ceramsite filter material by using the oily sludge as recited in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium oxide powder to the perlite powder in step C) is 5-15: 100.
6. The method for preparing the ceramsite filter material by using the oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium-doped perlite powder to the devolatilization activated oil-carrying sludge in the step D) is 10-20: 100.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying step D) is implemented by drying the ceramsite at 150 ℃ for 2-12h in a drying device.
8. The method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using oil-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature sintering in step D) is 1000-1200 ℃, and the time of the high-temperature sintering is controlled to be 10-30 min.
9. The method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using oil-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein said slow cooling in step D) is furnace-cooling to room temperature.
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