CN112493987A - Mobile medical data remote transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a remote transmission method of mobile medical data, which comprises the following steps: acquiring medical data, and performing coding classification on the medical data according to the type of the medical data, wherein the type of the medical data at least comprises the following steps: electrocardio, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen, GPS positioning, calling and early warning data; coding various medical data which are classified according to a preset coding rule to obtain coded data; the medical data is remotely transmitted in a format of encoded data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of telemedicine, in particular to a coding method of telemedicine data. The method can also be used in integrated medical monitoring devices.
Background
Human physiological data such as electrocardiogram, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen, GPS positioning, calling and early warning information are indispensable components of remote medical data (LMD). If the data are transmitted according to the file classification, each item of data needs additional time information due to the randomness of the data, and the transmitting and receiving ends have to perform frequent file operations, so that the transmission and processing efficiency is greatly reduced. In addition, it is difficult to individually allocate channels for data transmission in the transmission path; in other words, the various LMDs have to be transmitted on the same channel to reach the destination.
Because the acquisition of the LMD is limited by the energy consumption of terminal resources and the transmission bandwidth, the coding method has the following requirements:
the algorithm is to be simple
The remote LMD collector is required to be small in size, light in weight, low in power consumption and low in cost, and a processor of the remote LMD collector is preferably a low-cost single chip microcomputer. Because the single chip microcomputer has very limited computing resources, the current encoding method is complex, and the method which cannot continuously encode in real time cannot meet the requirements of real-time performance and low power consumption although a good compression ratio can be obtained, so that the method is not suitable for being adopted in the remote transmission equipment of the mobile medical data.
Easy direct reading, convenient digital analysis
The easy direct reading of the coding method and the convenient digital analysis are very important for the development period, the test, the maintenance and the upgrade of the software.
Higher compression ratio
The compression ratio is a ratio of the total amount of data before encoding to the total amount of data after encoding. If the original length of a file is 1000K, the length of the coded data is 250K, and the compression ratio is 1000K: 250K-2.5. The larger the compression ratio is, the higher the coding efficiency is; however, the larger the compression ratio, the longer the decompression time, and the worse the real-time performance.
In order to transmit all kinds of (LMDs) on the same channel without the need for packet-by-packet transmission and storage by classification, the LMDs must be incorporated into a uniform coding system.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present designer is actively making research and innovation to create a remote transmission method for mobile medical data, so that the method has industrial value.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above technical problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a remote transmission method for mobile medical data that transmits all kinds of (LMD) on the same channel without the need for classified packet transmission and classified storage.
The invention discloses a remote transmission method of mobile medical data, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring medical data, and performing coding classification on the medical data according to the type of the medical data, wherein the type of the medical data at least comprises the following steps: electrocardio, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen, GPS positioning, calling and early warning data;
coding various medical data which are classified according to a preset coding rule to obtain coded data;
the medical data is remotely transmitted in a format of encoded data.
Furthermore, the medical data coding rule uses 4-bit binary data with the absolute value less than or equal to 3 as the increment, uses 8 bits to represent the increment with the absolute value less than or equal to 31, and uses 12 bits to represent the electrocardio data absolute quantity between 0 and 1023 and other data outside the electrocardio;
the electrocardio data coding rule is as follows:
a data point of increment (absolute value) <4 is represented by 4 bits (b4),
b4 ═ 0xxx denotes incremental data [ 3,3 ]
Represented by 8 bits (b 8): 4< increment (absolute value) <32,
b 8-10 xx xxxx represents incremental data [ 31,31 ]
A true value is represented by 12 bits (b12), provided that the increment (absolute value) >31,
b 12-11 xx xxxx xxxx represents absolute data [ 0,1000 ]
The first data of the packet and the first data of each frame specify (b12) a true value for determining a data reference;
the equipment calling data coding rule is as follows:
| class code 1.5 bytes | Retention |
| 0xFE9 | 1.5 bytes |
Event data encoding rules:
| class code 1.5 bytes | Retention |
| 0xFEA | 1.5 bytes |
Blood pressure data encoding rules:
the blood pressure is divided into a pair of data of systolic pressure (high pressure) and diastolic pressure (low pressure). The range of human blood pressure is between 0 and 200, a pair of original data of blood pressure can be represented by two bytes, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood pressure data: 0xFEB, a pair of blood pressure raw data expressed in 4 bytes in the method of the present invention:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Systolic pressure | Diastolic blood pressure |
| 0xFEB | 0.5 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
Breathing data encoding rules:
the breathing data is the number of times per minute, the breathing frequency of a person is up to 60 times per minute, so 1 byte can be used for representing the original data of one breathing frequency, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the breathing data: 0xFEC, so the raw data of one breathing frequency is expressed with 3 bytes:
body temperature data coding rule:
the body temperature range is 0-50.0 ℃, 2 bytes are used for representing body temperature original data, one byte represents an integer part, one byte represents a decimal part, and a single 12-bit identification code is used for the body temperature data: 0 xFED. So one body temperature data is expressed in 4 bytes:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Integer part of body temperature | Fractional part of body temperature |
| 0xFED | 0.5 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
Blood glucose data encoding rules:
the range of human blood sugar is 0-220.0. 2 bytes are used for representing original blood sugar data, one byte is used for representing an integer part, one byte is used for representing a decimal part, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood sugar data: 0xFEF, so one blood glucose data is expressed in 4 bytes:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Integral part of blood glucose | Fractional part of blood glucose |
| 0xFEF | 0.5 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
Blood oxygen data encoding rules:
the blood oxygen range of the human body is 0-100%, 1 byte represents a blood oxygen original data, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood oxygen data: 0xFF0, a blood oxygen data expressed in 3 bytes:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Saturation of blood oxygen% |
| 0xFF0 | 0.5 byte | 1 byte |
GPS positioning data coding rule:
one group of GPS data comprises latitude values of a receiver, N/S north latitude or south latitude, longitude, E/W east longitude or west longitude, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the GPS data: 0xFF1, a set of GPS data is expressed in 12 bytes:
battery power encoding rules:
| class code 1.5 bytes | Electric quantity of battery |
| 0xFF2 | 1.5 bytes |
The mark encoding rule is as follows:
a single 12-digit identification code 0xFF3 is used as a total mark, and another 12-digit identification code represents a nurse mark, a doctor mark, and the like, so that one mark data is expressed by 3 bytes:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Mark code |
| 0xFF3 | 1.5 bytes |
By the scheme, the remote transmission method of the mobile medical data at least has the following advantages:
the invention uniformly codes the physiological data (LMD) of human body, such as electrocardio, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen, positioning and time information, and is convenient to transmit all kinds of LMD on the same channel without classified packaging transmission and classified storage.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a standard sectional diagram of an electrocardiogram waveform of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A preferred embodiment of the mobile medical data remote transmission method of the invention comprises the following steps:
acquiring medical data, and performing coding classification on the medical data according to the type of the medical data, wherein the type of the medical data at least comprises the following steps: electrocardio, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen, GPS positioning, calling and early warning data;
encoding various medical data after classification according to a predetermined encoding rule to obtain encoded data, namely representing various medical data by binary numbers or 16-system numbers, and when the binary codes are too long, generally representing by 16-system numbers, for example, binary 010101100111 can be represented by 0x567, and 0x represents hexadecimal;
the medical data is remotely transmitted in a format of encoded data.
The encoding rule of the medical data of the embodiment uses 4-bit binary data with the absolute value less than or equal to 3, uses 8 bits to represent the increment with the absolute value less than or equal to 31, and uses 12 bits to represent the absolute quantity of 0-1023;
a coding method based on a 10-bit binary number (LMD); 0-1000 is used for electrocardio data, 1001-1023 is used for coding blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen and positioning and time information.
In order to improve the coding efficiency, the invention uses 4-bit binary data with the absolute value less than or equal to 3 increments, uses 8 bits to represent the increments with the absolute values less than or equal to 31 increments, and uses 12 bits to represent the absolute quantities of 0-1023.
Referring to FIG. 1, standard segmentation labeling of ECG waveforms
The P-wave is the beginning of a heart beat and records right and left atrial activations caused by sinus node activation. Since the sinoatrial node is located in the right atrium, from which activation of the atrium starts first, the first half of the P-wave records activation of the right atrium, the middle part records co-activation of the right and left atria and the back part represents activation of the left atrium.
QRS is a narrow but high amplitude complex that appears following the P wave. Composed of Q wave (with or without), R wave and S wave. It represents the excitation from the atrioventricular node through the atrioventricular bundle, the left and right bundle branches and the thin purkinje fibers into the cardiomyocytes, stimulating the contraction of the ventricles, and thus can be regarded as an electrocardiogram representation of the onset of ventricular contraction.
The Q-wave is a well-defined downward waveform that occurs before the upward wave occurs. The first upwardly high-tip wave to appear is the R wave; the immediately following downward wave is the S-wave. Because of the difference of amplitude, it can be combined into many forms, but it also has limitations, the most important is the time limitation, usually, the time of QRS complex of normal person is 0.08s, and can fluctuate within the range of 0.06-0.10 s. If this time limit is exceeded, attention should be paid to the fact that, in particular, exceeding 0.12s is of pathological significance.
The T wave is the wave that appears after the QRS complex has halted and represents the repolarization of the ventricle (relaxation of the ventricle) in preparation for the next depolarization of the ventricle.
The U wave is a very tiny wave after the T wave, and the general U wave is not obvious, and it is not clear what it stands for.
Medical diagnostic requirements for encoding electrocardiographic data
The shape of the P-Q-R-S-T wave, the P-R interval, the P-R segment, the S-T interval, the S-T segment, the QRS interval, the amplitude of the R wave, the amplitude and shape of the T wave are all very valuable for diagnosing heart disease. And P, Q, S waves, P-R segments and S-T segments are all around the base line, so the data around the base line, the peak value of R wave and the data precision of T wave are required to be high, and lossless coding is preferable. And the steep middle parts of the waveforms of the Q-R section and the R-S section can be replaced by straight lines without influencing medical diagnosis, and lossy coding can be adopted. The commonly used audio-like coding method allows 2-3 bit precision loss above 1.5mV, and has the defect that peak data is damaged.
Incremental representation of ECG data segment characteristics
There are 219 of the above incremental data. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the absolute value of the increment data which is less than 4 is 179, and accounts for 81.7 percent of the total number
The number of increment data with absolute value more than 3 and less than 32 is 37, and the increment data accounts for 16.9 percent of the total number
The absolute value of the incremental data is more than 3 and accounts for 1.4 percent of the total number
By counting a large amount of ECG data, the data frequencies with absolute delta values x <4, 3< x <32 and greater than 32 are given below:
frequency of occurrence of incremental absolute value
|x|<4 0.7158
4<＝|x|<32 0.2722
32<＝|x|<1024 0.0120
This is consistent with the fragment data results above.
The electrocardio data coding method of the invention is simplified and described as follows:
data points in increments (absolute value) <4 are represented by 4 bits (b 4).
b4 ═ 0xxx denotes incremental data [ 3,3 ]
Represented by 8 bits (b 8): 4< increment (absolute value) < 32.
b 8-10 xx xxxx represents incremental data [ 31,31 ]
A true value is represented by 12 bits (b12) provided that the increment (absolute value) > 31.
b 12-11 xx xxxx xxxx represents absolute data [ 0,1023 ]
The first data of the packet and the first data of each frame specify that a true value is represented by (b 12).
To determine a data reference.
Illustrate by way of example
The increment value of the data point with the single step increment absolute value less than 4 is represented by a 4-bit binary code, and the true value can be obtained by simply adding the true value of the previous data point to the increment value represented by the 4-bit binary code. Such relative data is referred to herein generally as b 4.
For example, if the true value of the previous data point is 100 and the true value of the current data point is 103, then the current data point is represented by b4(0011), and the true value is 100+ b4(0011) ═ 103. b4(0011) represents the coding table in section +3, see g).
If the true value of the previous data point is 100 and the true value of the current data point is 98, b4 of the current data point is represented as (0110), and the true value is 100+ b4(0110) ═ 98. b4(0110) represents the code table in section-2, see g).
The data points with the single step increment absolute value larger than 3 and smaller than 32 have increment values represented by 8-bit binary codes, and the true value can be obtained simply by adding the true value of the previous data point to the increment value represented by the 8-bit binary code. Such relative data is referred to herein generally as b 8.
For example, if the true value of the previous data point is 100 and the true value of the current data point is 107, the current data point is represented by b8(10000111), and the true value is 100+ b8(10000111) which is 107. b8(10000111) represents +7, see section g).
If the true value of the previous data point is 100 and the true value of the current data point is 91, b8 of the current data point is represented by (10110111), and the true value is 100+ b8(10110111) which is 91. b8(10110111) represents the coding table in section-9, see g).
Data points with absolute value of single step increment greater than 31 have their true value represented by a 12-bit binary code. For example, if the true value of the previous data point is 100, the true value of the current data point is 164, the absolute value of the increment is 64, and if it exceeds 31, the current data point is represented by b 12. Such truth data is generally referred to herein as b 12. The true value represented by b12(110010101000) is 164, see the code table in section g).
For another example, if the true value of the previous data point is 100, the true value of the current data point is 64, the absolute value of the increment is 36, and if it exceeds 31, the current data point is represented by b 12. The true value represented by b12(110001000000) is 64.
B4, b8, b12 coding table based on complementary codes
Device caller data encoding
Event data encoding
| Class code 1.5 bytes | Retention |
| 0xFEA | 1.5 bytes |
Blood pressure data coding method
The blood pressure is divided into a pair of data of systolic pressure (high pressure) and diastolic pressure (low pressure). The range of human blood pressure is 0-200, so that two bytes can be used to represent the original data of a pair of blood pressures. To distinguish from other data, a separate 12-bit identification code is given to the blood pressure data in the method of the invention: 0 xFEB. Therefore a pair of blood pressure raw data is expressed in 4 bytes in the method of the present invention:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Systolic pressure | Diastolic blood pressure |
| 0xFEB | 0.5 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
Respiratory data encoding method
The breath data is how many times per minute. The breathing frequency of a person is up to 60 times per minute, so that 1 byte can be used to represent the raw data of one breathing frequency. To distinguish from other data, a single 12-bit identification code is given to the respiration data in the method of the invention: 0 xFEC. So a raw data of breathing frequency is expressed in 3 bytes in the method of the invention:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Frequency of breathing |
| 0xFEC | 0.5 byte | 1 byte |
Body temperature data coding method
The body temperature ranges from 0 ℃ to 50.0 ℃, so that 2 bytes can be used for representing body temperature original data, one byte represents an integer part, and one byte represents a decimal part. To distinguish from other data, in the method of the invention a single 12-bit identification code is provided for body temperature data: 0 xFED. One body temperature data is therefore expressed in 4 bytes in the method of the invention:
blood sugar data coding method
The blood sugar of human body is in the range of 0-220.0, so that 2 bytes can be used for representing a blood sugar original data, one byte represents an integer part, and one byte represents a decimal part. To distinguish from other data, a single 12-bit identification code is given to blood glucose data in the method of the present invention: 0 xFEF. Therefore, one blood glucose datum is expressed in 4 bytes in the method of the present invention:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Integral part of blood glucose | Fractional part of blood glucose |
| 0xFEF | 0.5 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
Blood oxygen data encoding rules:
the blood oxygen range of the human body is 0-100%, 1 byte represents a blood oxygen original data, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood oxygen data: 0xFF0, a blood oxygen data expressed in 3 bytes:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Retention | Saturation of blood oxygen% |
| 0xFF0 | 0.5 byte | 1 byte |
GPS positioning data coding method
Since the local time can be calculated by the sampling frequency, the starting time and the number of data points of the electrocardiogram data,
the time information in the GPS data can be omitted. In the method, a set of GPS data comprises latitude value (format) of the receiver, N/S (north latitude or south latitude). For example, 3931.4449, N indicates that the north latitude is 39 degrees 31.4449 minutes. Longitude (format dddmm. mmmm), E/W (east or west longitude). 11643.5123, E denotes the east longitude, 116 degrees 43.5123 points. To distinguish from other data, in the method of the invention a separate 12-bit identification code is given to the GPS data: 0xFF 1. A set of GPS data is expressed in 12 bytes in the method of the invention:
battery capacity coding
| Class code 1.5 bytes | Electric quantity of battery |
| 0xFF2 | 1.5 bytes |
Mark encoding method
A single 12-digit identification code 0xFF3 is used as a total label, and another 12 digits are used to indicate a nurse label, a doctor label, and the like. So a tag data is expressed in the method of the invention with 3 bytes:
| data class code 1.5 bytes | Mark code |
| 0xFF3 | 1.5 bytes |
Summary coding table
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An ambulatory medical data remote transmission method, comprising:
acquiring medical data, and performing coding classification on the medical data according to the type of the medical data, wherein the type of the medical data at least comprises the following steps: electrocardio, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, blood sugar, blood oxygen, GPS positioning, calling and early warning data;
coding various medical data which are classified according to a preset coding rule to obtain coded data;
the medical data is remotely transmitted in a format of encoded data.
2. The method for remote transmission of ambulatory medical data according to claim 1, characterized by that said medical data coding rule uses 4-bit binary data whose absolute value is less than or equal to 3 increment, uses 8 bit to represent that the absolute value is less than or equal to 31 increment, and uses 12 bit to represent that the absolute value of electrocardio data is 0-1023 and other data except electrocardio;
the electrocardio data coding rule is as follows:
a data point of increment (absolute value) <4 is represented by 4 bits (b4),
b4 ═ 0xxx denotes incremental data [ 3,3 ]
Represented by 8 bits (b 8): 4< increment (absolute value) <32,
b 8-10 xx xxxx represents incremental data [ 31,31 ]
A true value is represented by 12 bits (b12), provided that the increment (absolute value) >31,
b 12-11 xx xxxx xxxx represents absolute data [ 0,1000 ]
The first data of the packet and the first data of each frame specify (b12) a true value for determining the data reference.
The equipment calling data coding rule is as follows:
Event data encoding rules:
Blood pressure data encoding rules:
the blood pressure is divided into a pair of data of systolic pressure (high pressure) and diastolic pressure (low pressure). The range of human blood pressure is between 0 and 200, a pair of original data of blood pressure can be represented by two bytes, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood pressure data: 0xFEB, a pair of blood pressure raw data expressed in 4 bytes in the method of the present invention:
Breathing data encoding rules:
the breathing data is the number of times per minute, the breathing frequency of a person is up to 60 times per minute, so 1 byte can be used for representing the original data of one breathing frequency, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the breathing data: 0xFEC, so the raw data of one breathing frequency is expressed with 3 bytes:
Body temperature data coding rule:
the body temperature range is 0-50.0 ℃, 2 bytes are used for representing body temperature original data, one byte represents an integer part, one byte represents a decimal part, and a single 12-bit identification code is used for the body temperature data: 0 xFED. So one body temperature data is expressed in 4 bytes:
Blood glucose data encoding rules:
the range of human blood sugar is 0-220.0. 2 bytes are used for representing original blood sugar data, one byte is used for representing an integer part, one byte is used for representing a decimal part, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood sugar data: 0xFEF, so one blood glucose data is expressed in 4 bytes:
Blood oxygen data encoding rules:
the blood oxygen range of the human body is 0-100%, 1 byte represents a blood oxygen original data, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the blood oxygen data: 0xFF0, a blood oxygen data expressed in 3 bytes:
GPS positioning data coding rule:
one group of GPS data comprises latitude values of a receiver, N/S north latitude or south latitude, longitude, E/W east longitude or west longitude, and a single 12-bit identification code is given to the GPS data: 0xFF1, a set of GPS data is expressed in 12 bytes:
battery power encoding rules:
The mark encoding rule is as follows:
a single 12-digit identification code 0xFF3 is used as a total mark, and another 12-digit identification code represents a nurse mark, a doctor mark, and the like, so that one mark data is expressed by 3 bytes:
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| CN102008290A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-04-13 | 深圳市倍泰健康测量分析技术有限公司 | Equipment and method for collecting and analyzing human body health |
| CN102334977A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-02-01 | 天津九安医疗电子股份有限公司 | Measuring device, mobile equipment, system for measuring physiological parameters of human bodies and wireless transmission method for measuring data |
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| US20180150610A1 (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Health data collection device, health evaluation method using the same, and health evaluation system including the health data collection device |
| CN108523870A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | 汕头市杰泰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent closestool failure and data detection system |
| CN111528816A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-14 | 蒋晓琦 | Remote medical monitoring system |
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| CN102008290A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-04-13 | 深圳市倍泰健康测量分析技术有限公司 | Equipment and method for collecting and analyzing human body health |
| CN102334977A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-02-01 | 天津九安医疗电子股份有限公司 | Measuring device, mobile equipment, system for measuring physiological parameters of human bodies and wireless transmission method for measuring data |
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| US20180150610A1 (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Health data collection device, health evaluation method using the same, and health evaluation system including the health data collection device |
| CN108523870A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | 汕头市杰泰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent closestool failure and data detection system |
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