CN112492603A - Multistage dynamic spectrum sharing method based on block chain technology - Google Patents

Multistage dynamic spectrum sharing method based on block chain technology Download PDF

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CN112492603A
CN112492603A CN202011324435.3A CN202011324435A CN112492603A CN 112492603 A CN112492603 A CN 112492603A CN 202011324435 A CN202011324435 A CN 202011324435A CN 112492603 A CN112492603 A CN 112492603A
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spectrum
user
function
pal
access
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CN112492603B (en
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柴蓉
胡夯
陈前斌
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China Mobile IoT Co Ltd
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/10—Dynamic resource partitioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/08—Access security
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks

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Abstract

The invention relates to a block chain technology-based multi-stage dynamic spectrum sharing method, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. In the method, system users are divided into three classes, the three classes respectively have different levels of spectrum access authorities, and GBC and LBC are constructed among the users through a block chain technology; in the method, the PAL user can obtain the priority access license for spectrum access and data transmission by auction, and the GAA user can apply for accessing the spectrum managed by the PAL user, thereby effectively realizing the safe sharing and dynamic access of the spectrum and improving the utilization rate of the spectrum resources. The system and the method of the invention realize the safe sharing and the dynamic access of the frequency spectrum based on the block chain technology, thereby improving the frequency spectrum efficiency.

Description

Multistage dynamic spectrum sharing method based on block chain technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a multistage dynamic spectrum sharing method based on a block chain technology.
Background
At present, various spectrum sharing schemes have been proposed, such as a Cognitive Radio (CR) scheme, in which a CR device senses, detects, and analyzes a surrounding environment, and sets and adjusts its own transmission parameters according to an analysis result; a television White Space (TVWS) scheme, which is based on a digital television to gradually replace a vacant TVWS frequency band after a traditional analog television is used for dynamic spectrum access of an unauthorized user; according to a Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) scheme, a frequency spectrum of the CBRS and a continuous frequency spectrum of carriers LTE and 150MHz bandwidth from 3550 MHz to 3700MHz share a three-layer structure. In the above solutions, a centralized management architecture is mostly adopted, that is, a highly trusted central entity is used to manage the spectrum access system. However, the centralized architecture causes a single point of failure problem for the system.
As a decentralized distributed accounting technology, the blockchain technology constructs a blockchain by using advanced technologies such as a consensus algorithm, a hash function, a timestamp, asymmetric encryption, a programmable intelligent contract, and the like, so as to ensure traceability, consistency, and non-falsification of data. Aiming at the defects of the current dynamic spectrum sharing scheme, the invention discloses a multi-level spectrum sharing system and method based on a block chain technology, wherein system users are divided into three levels, GBC and LBC are respectively constructed, and intelligent contracts are deployed, so that the efficient hierarchical management of the dynamic spectrum is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for multi-level dynamic spectrum sharing based on a block chain technique.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multi-stage dynamic spectrum sharing method based on a block chain technology comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a global block chain GBC based on a spectrum access system SAS;
s2: deploying a global spectrum access intelligent contract in the GBC;
s3: the common node interacts with the intelligent contract, after the authentication, the common node registers the common node to enter a spectrum sharing system to become a candidate priority access permission CPAL user and obtain the qualification of auction priority access permission;
s4: the CPAL user inquires a preferential access license auction list and sends a bid to the to-be-applied preferential access license;
s5: if the CPAL user wins the auction, the intelligent contract generates a transaction, and the CPAL user becomes a PAL user and obtains the ownership of the priority access license;
s6: if the CPAL user fails to bid for many times, the intelligent contract moves the CPAL user out of the GBC;
s7: constructing a local block chain LBC based on the PAL user and the gateway node;
s8: deploying a local spectrum access intelligent contract at a PAL user;
s9: in the network access stage, a general authorized access GAA user establishes association with a gateway node through authentication registration and registers information in a spectrum sharing system;
s10: GAA users, namely requesting users, who want to apply for spectrum access send spectrum access request messages to nearby gateway nodes;
s11: after receiving a spectrum access request message from a requesting user, a gateway node generates a spectrum access request transaction according to the message content and broadcasts the spectrum access request transaction on an LBC;
s12: the PAL user collects the problem of spectrum allocation consensus after the request transaction of gateway node broadcast, and optimizes to obtain a spectrum allocation scheme;
s13: the PAL user broadcasts the self-generated blocks in the LBC, and the blocks of the spectrum allocation scheme containing the maximum global benefit are finally confirmed and synchronized in the LBC;
s14: the gateway node queries the LBC to obtain a spectrum allocation scheme of the request user and forwards the spectrum allocation scheme to the associated request user;
s15: and after the requesting user receives the spectrum access scheme, executing spectrum access.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in step S1, the GBC is an alliance chain consisting of PAL users and multiple SAS in each region, and is responsible for spectrum auction and spectrum management and recording of PAL users, where the SAS is a billing node in the GBC and performs an authorized byzantine fault-tolerant DBFT algorithm to achieve consensus.
Optionally, in S2, the global spectrum access intelligent contract includes the following functional functions:
CPAL user registration function: the GBC node is interacted with the function, is registered as a CPAL user and acquires the qualification of auction priority access license;
auction function: the SAS issues a priority access license for auction planning through interaction with the function, and determines auction time, auction starting price and the like;
the bid function: the GBA node participates in auction through interaction with the function, and bids are sent to a to-be-purchased priority access license;
revealing a quotation function: after the auction is closed, the CPAL user interacts with the function to reveal the actual bid;
spectrum resource allocation function: the PAL user obtains the spectrum allocated to it by the SAS node by interacting with this function.
Optionally, the S4 specifically includes:
the SAS issues a priority access license and related information of the auction, wherein the priority access license comprises an area to which the license belongs, an attack price, attack time and deadline time;
let U be { U ═ U1,...,Ui,...,UPDenotes the set of CPAL users that are to bid on the license, where UiRepresenting the ith user to be priced, wherein P is the number of CPAL users; u shapeiBy means of a secret key SiTo bid amount MiEncrypting to obtain a character string M'i＝SHA256(Mi,Si) Wherein, SHA256 is a secure hash algorithm; u shapeiTransmit transaction TX (M'i,Ni) To intelligent contracts trigger a bid function, where NiRepresenting the actual amount of the transaction;
after auction ends, UiSending a bid amount M to an intelligent contractiAnd a secret key SiTriggering and revealing a quotation function; reveal the quotation function MiAnd SiInput SHA256 algorithm to obtain output character string M "iAnd carrying out verification comparison, if M "i＝M’iAnd N isi≥MiIndicating that the bid is valid; otherwise, the offer is invalid and the contract refunds the corresponding funds to Ui；
The intelligent contract compares all effective bids, and the CPAL user with the highest bid wins the auction, obtains ownership of the priority access license and becomes the PAL user.
Optionally, in S7, the LBC is a federation chain consisting of PAL users and gateway nodes, and is responsible for spectrum access management and recording of GAA users, where the PAL users are billing nodes in the LBC.
Optionally, in S8, the local spectrum access intelligent contract includes the following function:
administrator registration function: the gateway node becomes an administrator through interactive registration with the function;
administrator switching function: the administrator interacts with the function and switches the GAA user under the management of the administrator to other administrators;
the administrator logs out the function: the administrator node logs out the identity of the administrator through interaction with the function;
GAA user registration function: the common user and the function are interactively registered to enter a spectrum sharing system to become a GAA user and realize the association with an administrator;
GAA user logout function: GAA users interact with the function through the current gateway node, and logout and quit the spectrum sharing system;
spectrum usage rights revocation function: the PAL user can cancel the use authority of the GAA user occupying the frequency spectrum at present by interacting with the function.
Optionally, in S12, the consensus problem is specifically modeled as:
suppose there are M PAL users in LBC, let PALiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M; assuming that the total system bandwidth is divided into K equal-sized sub-channels, let CHkRepresents the k-th sub-channel; let bi,kE {0,1} represents a channel management variable, bi,k1 represents CHkBy PALiManaging; otherwise, CHkNot subject to PALiManaging;
assuming that N GAA users send spectrum access requests, the GAA is enabledjJ is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, which represents the jth GAA user; let gamma bei,j,kE {0,1} represents the channel allocation variable if PALiIs GAAjAllocating CHkThen γi,j,k1 is ═ 1; otherwise, γi,j,k＝0；
Modeling PALiUtility function Q ofiFor the allocated spectrum corresponding to a weighted sum of the local sum rate and the global sum rate of the users, i.e.
Figure BDA0002793881100000031
Wherein λ is1And λ2Is a weight factor;
Figure BDA0002793881100000041
represents GAAjOccupation of CHkTransmission rate corresponding to transmission data, where B denotes channel bandwidth, σ2Representing the noise power, pj,kRepresents GAAjOccupation of CHkTransmission power, h, used for transmitting dataj,kRepresents GAAjThrough CHkChannel gain for transmitting data to the opposite terminal;
modeling a transmission rate limit constraint of
Figure BDA0002793881100000042
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002793881100000043
is GAAjMinimum transmission rate requirements;
modeling channel assignment constraint of gammai,j,k0, if bi,k＝0；
The constraint condition of the modeling weight factor is lambda1+λ21, wherein λ1∈(0,1)，λ2∈(0,1)；
Under the condition of satisfying the constraint condition, PALiWith utility function QiMaximizing as a target, optimizing and determining a spectrum access scheme
Figure BDA0002793881100000044
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002793881100000045
and
Figure BDA0002793881100000046
respectively represent PALiThe optimal channel allocation scheme and the optimal power allocation scheme.
Optionally, in S13, the spectrum allocation scheme with the largest global gain specifically refers to a spectrum allocation scheme that satisfies global and rate maximization requirements, and the blocks containing the spectrum allocation scheme win the present consensus and are synchronized in LBC.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the system and the method of the invention realize the safe sharing and the dynamic access of the frequency spectrum based on the block chain technology, thereby improving the frequency spectrum efficiency.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dynamic spectrum sharing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a GBC based auction for priority access licenses in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of dynamic spectrum access of basic LBC according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Fig. 1 is a model diagram of a dynamic spectrum sharing system, where there is a GBC, multiple LBCs, multiple SAS, multiple PAL users, multiple gateway nodes, multiple administrator nodes, multiple GAA users, a global spectrum access smart contract and multiple local spectrum access smart contracts, where:
GBC: the system comprises an alliance chain consisting of PAL users of various regions and a plurality of SAS, wherein the SAS is an accounting node in the GBC, and a DBFT algorithm is executed to achieve consensus and manage all authorized services and equipment access behaviors in a system bandwidth.
LBC: and a alliance chain consisting of PAL users and gateway nodes is mainly responsible for the spectrum access management and recording of GAA users, wherein the PAL users are accounting nodes in LBC.
SAS: all authorized services and usage records within the system spectrum are managed, and available channels on the designated area and spectrum are determined.
PAL user: the priority access licensed user refers to a user which is divided according to regions and obtains a priority access license, and the SAS dynamically allocates a frequency spectrum for data transmission.
And the GAA user: the general authorized user refers to a user who enters the spectrum sharing system but does not obtain a priority access license, and can apply for spectrum access to the PAL user.
A gateway node: and the system is responsible for collecting the spectrum access request information of the GAA users and forwarding the spectrum access request information to the LBC in a transaction form or forwarding a spectrum allocation scheme on a query chain to the GAA users.
The administrator node: one administrator node can manage a plurality of GAA users and is responsible for the registration, transfer, logoff and the like of the GAA users in the spectrum sharing system.
Global spectrum access intelligent contract: the intelligent contract deployed in GBC by SAS defines the function related to operations such as preferential access license auction and PAL user spectrum access in GBC.
Local spectrum access intelligent contract: the intelligent contract created by the LBC deployed by the PAL user defines the functions related to the operations of registering, deregistering and the like of the GAA user and the administrator node in the spectrum sharing system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a GBC-based auction flow of a priority access license according to the method of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
1. constructing a GBC based on the SAS as a mining node;
2. the SAS issues a transaction containing a global spectrum access intelligent contract code, and after the transaction is confirmed, a contract account is generated in the GBC and controlled by the contract code;
3. the common node sends a transaction to an intelligent contract, and after the transaction is confirmed, a registration function of the global spectrum access intelligent contract is triggered to register into a spectrum sharing system to become a CPAL user and obtain the qualification of auction priority access license;
4. the method for participating in the preferential access license auction by the CPAL user specifically comprises the following steps: the SAS issues a pre-auction priority access license and related information, including the region to which the license belongs, the price of the start-up, the start-up time, the expiration time and the like.
Let U be { U ═ U1,...,Ui,...,UPDenotes the set of CPAL users that are to bid on the license, where UiRepresents the ith user to be priced, and P is the number of CPAL users. U shapeiBy means of a secret key SiTo bid amount MiEncrypting to obtain a character string M'i＝SHA256(Mi,Si) Wherein, SHA256 is a secure hash algorithm; u shapeiQuery priority Access license auction List and send transaction TX (M'i,Ni) Triggering a bid function to an intelligent contract, i.e. placing a bid on a proposed priority access license, where NiRepresenting the actual amount of the transaction.
After auction ends, UiSending a bid amount M to an intelligent contractiAnd a secret key SiThe trigger reveals the quote function. Reveal the quotation function MiAnd SiInput SHA256 algorithm to obtain output character string M "iAnd carrying out verification comparison, if M "i＝M’iAnd N isi≥MiIndicating that the bid is valid; otherwise, the offer is invalid and the contract refunds the corresponding funds to Ui. The intelligent contract compares all available bids and determines UiWhether or not to win in this auction, i.e., UiWhether it is the highest of the available bids.
If the CPAL user wins the auction, the intelligent contract generates a transaction, and the CPAL user becomes a PAL user and obtains the ownership of the priority access license;
and secondly, if the CPAL users fail to bid for many times, the intelligent contract moves the CPAL users out of the GBC.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic spectrum access process based on LBC in the method of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
1. constructing an LBC based on PAL users and gateway nodes, wherein the LBC is an alliance chain consisting of the PAL users and the gateway nodes and is mainly responsible for spectrum access management and recording of GAA users, and the PAL users are accounting nodes in the LBC;
2. the PAL issues a transaction containing a local spectrum access intelligent contract code, and after the transaction is confirmed, a contract account is generated in the LBC and controlled by the contract code;
3. in the network access stage, the GAA user forwards the transaction to a local intelligent contract account through a gateway node, triggers a registration function, registers in the gateway node through authentication to establish association, and registers information in a spectrum sharing system;
4. GAA users (request users for short) who want to apply for spectrum access send spectrum access request messages to nearby gateway nodes;
5. after receiving a spectrum access request message from a requesting user, a gateway node generates a spectrum access request transaction according to the message content and broadcasts the spectrum access request transaction on an LBC;
6. the PAL user collects the spectrum request access transaction in the LBC, models the spectrum allocation consensus problem, and optimizes to obtain the spectrum access allocation scheme;
modeling spectrum allocation consensus problems includes: suppose there are M PAL users in LBC, let PALiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M; assuming that the total system bandwidth is divided into K equal-sized sub-channels, let CHkRepresents the k-th sub-channel; let bi,kE {0,1} represents a channel management variable, bi,k1 represents CHkBy PALiManaging; otherwise, CHkNot subject to PALiAnd (5) managing.
Assuming that N GAA users send spectrum access requests, the GAA is enabledjJ is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, which represents the jth GAA user; let gamma bei,j,kE {0,1} represents the channel allocation variable if PALiIs GAAjAllocating CHkThen γi,j,k1 is ═ 1; otherwise, γi,j,k＝0。
Modeling PALiUtility function Q ofiFor the allocated spectrum corresponding to a weighted sum of the local sum rate and the global sum rate of the users, i.e.
Figure BDA0002793881100000071
Wherein λ is1And λ2Is a weight factor;
Figure BDA0002793881100000072
represents GAAjOccupation of CHkTransmission rate corresponding to transmission data, where B denotes channel bandwidth, σ2Representing the noise power, pj,kRepresents GAAjOccupation of CHkTransmission power, h, used for transmitting dataj,kRepresents GAAjThrough CHkChannel gain for transmitting data to the opposite end.
Modeling a transmission rate limit constraint of
Figure BDA0002793881100000073
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002793881100000074
is GAAjThe minimum transmission rate requirement.
Modeling channel assignment constraint of gammai,j,k0, if bi,k＝0。
The constraint condition of the modeling weight factor is lambda1+λ21, wherein λ1∈(0,1)，λ2∈(0,1)。
Under the condition of satisfying the constraint condition, PALiWith utility function QiMaximizing as a target, optimizing and determining a spectrum access scheme
Figure BDA0002793881100000075
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002793881100000076
and
Figure BDA0002793881100000077
respectively represent PALiThe optimal channel allocation scheme and the optimal power allocation scheme.
7. Each PAL subscriber broadcasts its own generated blocks in the LBC, and the blocks of the spectrum allocation scheme containing the maximum global gain, specifically global sum rate maximization, will eventually be identified and synchronized in the LBC.
8. The gateway node inquires the LBC, obtains a spectrum allocation scheme of the request user and forwards the spectrum allocation scheme to the associated request user;
9. and after the requesting user receives the spectrum access scheme, executing spectrum access according to the scheme.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-level dynamic spectrum sharing method based on block chain technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a global block chain GBC based on a spectrum access system SAS;
s2: deploying a global spectrum access intelligent contract in the GBC;
s3: the common node interacts with the intelligent contract, after the authentication, the common node registers the common node to enter a spectrum sharing system to become a candidate priority access permission CPAL user and obtain the qualification of auction priority access permission;
s4: the CPAL user inquires a preferential access license auction list and sends a bid to the to-be-applied preferential access license;
s5: if the CPAL user wins the auction, the intelligent contract generates a transaction, and the CPAL user becomes a PAL user and obtains the ownership of the priority access license;
s6: if the CPAL user fails to bid for many times, the intelligent contract moves the CPAL user out of the GBC;
s7: constructing a local block chain LBC based on the PAL user and the gateway node;
s8: deploying a local spectrum access intelligent contract at a PAL user;
s9: in the network access stage, a general authorized access GAA user establishes association with a gateway node through authentication registration and registers information in a spectrum sharing system;
s10: GAA users, namely requesting users, who want to apply for spectrum access send spectrum access request messages to nearby gateway nodes;
s11: after receiving a spectrum access request message from a requesting user, a gateway node generates a spectrum access request transaction according to the message content and broadcasts the spectrum access request transaction on an LBC;
s12: the PAL user collects the problem of spectrum allocation consensus after the request transaction of gateway node broadcast, and optimizes to obtain a spectrum allocation scheme;
s13: the PAL user broadcasts the self-generated blocks in the LBC, and the blocks of the spectrum allocation scheme containing the maximum global benefit are finally confirmed and synchronized in the LBC;
s14: the gateway node queries the LBC to obtain a spectrum allocation scheme of the request user and forwards the spectrum allocation scheme to the associated request user;
s15: and after the requesting user receives the spectrum access scheme, executing spectrum access.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in step S1, the GBC is an alliance chain consisting of PAL users and multiple SAS in each region, and is responsible for spectrum auction and spectrum management and recording of PAL users, where the SAS is a billing node in the GBC and performs an authorized byzantine fault-tolerant DBFT algorithm to achieve consensus.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in S2, the global spectrum access intelligent contract includes the following function:
CPAL user registration function: the GBC node is interacted with the function, is registered as a CPAL user and acquires the qualification of auction priority access license;
auction function: the SAS issues a priority access license for auction planning through interaction with the function, and determines auction time, auction starting price and the like;
the bid function: the GBA node participates in auction through interaction with the function, and bids are sent to a to-be-purchased priority access license;
revealing a quotation function: after the auction is closed, the CPAL user interacts with the function to reveal the actual bid;
spectrum resource allocation function: the PAL user obtains the spectrum allocated to it by the SAS node by interacting with this function.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the S4 specifically includes:
the SAS issues a priority access license and related information of the auction, wherein the priority access license comprises an area to which the license belongs, an attack price, attack time and deadline time;
let U be { U ═ U1,...,Ui,...,UPDenotes the set of CPAL users that are to bid on the license, where UiRepresenting the ith user to be priced, wherein P is the number of CPAL users; u shapeiBy means of a secret key SiTo bid amount MiEncrypting to obtain a character string M'i＝SHA256(Mi,Si) Wherein, SHA256 is a secure hash algorithm; u shapeiTransmit transaction TX (M'i,Ni) To intelligent contracts trigger a bid function, where NiRepresenting the actual amount of the transaction;
after auction ends, UiSending a bid amount M to an intelligent contractiAnd a secret key SiTriggering and revealing a quotation function; reveal the quotation function MiAnd SiInput SHA256 algorithm to obtain output character string M "iAnd performing verification comparison if Mi”＝Mi' and Ni≥MiIndicating that the bid is valid; otherwise, the offer is invalid and the contract refunds the corresponding funds to Ui；
The intelligent contract compares all effective bids, and the CPAL user with the highest bid wins the auction, obtains ownership of the priority access license and becomes the PAL user.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in S7, the LBC is a federation chain consisting of PAL users and gateway nodes, and is responsible for spectrum access management and recording of GAA users, where the PAL users are billing nodes in the LBC.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in S8, the local spectrum access intelligent contract includes the following function:
administrator registration function: the gateway node becomes an administrator through interactive registration with the function;
administrator switching function: the administrator interacts with the function and switches the GAA user under the management of the administrator to other administrators;
the administrator logs out the function: the administrator node logs out the identity of the administrator through interaction with the function;
GAA user registration function: the common user and the function are interactively registered to enter a spectrum sharing system to become a GAA user and realize the association with an administrator;
GAA user logout function: GAA users interact with the function through the current gateway node, and logout and quit the spectrum sharing system;
spectrum usage rights revocation function: the PAL user can cancel the use authority of the GAA user occupying the frequency spectrum at present by interacting with the function.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in S12, the consensus problem is specifically modeled as:
suppose there are M PAL users in LBC, let PALiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M; assuming that the total system bandwidth is divided into K equal-sized sub-channels, let CHkRepresents the k-th sub-channel; let bi,kE {0,1} represents a channel management variable, bi,k1 represents CHkBy PALiManaging; otherwise, CHkNot subject to PALiManaging;
assuming that N GAA users send spectrum access requests, the GAA is enabledjJ is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, which represents the jth GAA user; let gamma bei,j,kE {0,1} represents the channel allocation variable if PALiIs GAAjAllocating CHkThen γi,j,k1 is ═ 1; otherwise, γi,j,k＝0；
Modeling PALiUtility function Q ofiFor the allocated spectrum corresponding to a weighted sum of the local sum rate and the global sum rate of the users, i.e.
Figure FDA0002793881090000031
Wherein λ is1And λ2Is a weight factor;
Figure FDA0002793881090000032
represents GAAjOccupation of CHkTransmission rate corresponding to transmission data, where B denotes channel bandwidth, σ2Representing the noise power, pj,kRepresents GAAjOccupation of CHkTransmission power, h, used for transmitting dataj,kRepresents GAAjThrough CHkChannel gain for transmitting data to the opposite terminal;
modeling a transmission rate limit constraint of
Figure FDA0002793881090000033
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002793881090000034
is GAAjMinimum transmission rate requirements;
modeling channel assignment constraint of gammai,j,k0, if bi,k＝0；
The constraint condition of the modeling weight factor is lambda1+λ21, wherein λ1∈(0,1)，λ2∈(0,1)；
Under the condition of satisfying the constraint condition, PALiWith utility function QiMaximizing as a target, optimizing and determining a spectrum access scheme
Figure FDA0002793881090000035
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002793881090000036
and
Figure FDA0002793881090000037
respectively represent PALiThe optimal channel allocation scheme and the optimal power allocation scheme.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in S13, the spectrum allocation scheme with the largest global gain specifically refers to the spectrum allocation scheme that satisfies the global and rate maximization requirements, and the blocks containing the spectrum allocation scheme win the present consensus and are synchronized in LBC.
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