CN112485793A - Optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system and method - Google Patents
Optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112485793A CN112485793A CN202011194856.9A CN202011194856A CN112485793A CN 112485793 A CN112485793 A CN 112485793A CN 202011194856 A CN202011194856 A CN 202011194856A CN 112485793 A CN112485793 A CN 112485793A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
- G01S13/9005—SAR image acquisition techniques with optical processing of the SAR signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
- G01S13/865—Combination of radar systems with lidar systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/90—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the aerospace remote sensing technology, in particular to an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system and a method, and aims to solve the problems that in the existing optical imaging of a remote sensing satellite, a radar and an optical imaging system are large in size, heavy in mass and low in resolution of a synthetic image. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system comprises a transceiving unit, a light splitting and frequency dividing unit, a phased array radar transceiving system and a rear optical imaging system; the receiving and transmitting unit comprises a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna; the light-splitting frequency-dividing unit is a light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device; the phased array radar transceiving system and the rear optical imaging system are respectively arranged on a microwave reflection route and an optical transmission route of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device. The invention also provides an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the aerospace remote sensing technology, in particular to an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system and method.
Background
The satellite platform is utilized to realize high-resolution imaging remote sensing on the ground, so that more convenient and more detailed data sources can be obtained in civil fields such as land utilization, urban planning, environmental monitoring and the like. At present, optical imaging of a remote sensing satellite has a high resolution level, but the optical imaging is easily affected by illumination conditions and weather and cannot give distance information, and a synthetic aperture radar has the working capacity of ranging and all-weather operation all day long, but the resolution is relatively low.
In the existing remote sensing satellite optical imaging, a radar and an optical imaging system are respectively and independently installed in a remote sensing satellite, the radar and the optical imaging system are large in space volume, self has large weight, are limited by the installation volume of a satellite platform, are not beneficial to long-time operation of the remote sensing satellite, and have large image errors when the radar and the optical imaging system are synchronously detected, so that the resolution of images obtained by synthesis is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system and method, aiming at solving the problems of large size, heavy mass and low resolution of a synthesized image of a radar and an optical imaging system in the existing remote sensing satellite optical imaging.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system is characterized by comprising a transceiving unit, a light splitting and frequency dividing unit, a phased array radar transceiving system and a rear optical imaging system;
the receiving and transmitting unit comprises a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna;
the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device is arranged in the light-splitting frequency-dividing unit;
microwave signals sent by the phased array radar transceiving system are transmitted to the ground after being reflected by the light-transmitting reflection microwave beam splitting and frequency dividing device, the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna in sequence;
the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna collects microwave scattering signals and ground passive optical bands and sequentially reflects the microwave scattering signals and the ground passive optical bands to the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and the transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider;
the phased array radar transceiver system is arranged on a microwave reflection route of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device;
the rear optical imaging system is arranged on an optical transmission line of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device.
Furthermore, the reflector surface of the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna is a paraboloid, the aperture of the reflector surface is 2-5 m, and the curvature radius is 4.6-10 m; the surface of the mirror blank of the reflecting mirror surface is provided with a nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 50-100 mu m.
Furthermore, the reflecting mirror surface of the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna is a paraboloid, the caliber of the reflecting mirror surface is 0.5 m-0.6 m, and the curvature radius is 1.5 m-1.8 m; the surface of the mirror blank of the reflecting mirror surface is provided with a nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 10-50 mu m.
Furthermore, the rear optical imaging system comprises an off-axis three-mirror aberration eliminating mirror group and an optical detector, wherein the off-axis three-mirror aberration eliminating mirror group is used for reflecting and converging the transmission optical waveband of the transmission reflection microwave beam splitting frequency dividing device to the optical detector.
Furthermore, the phased array radar transmitting and receiving system comprises a phased array microwave feed source, a receiver and a transmitter, wherein the phased array microwave feed source is used for generating microwaves, and the receiver and the transmitter are respectively used for receiving and transmitting microwave signals.
Further, the light-transmitting and reflecting microwave light splitting and frequency dividing device comprises a glass plate and metal wire grids arranged on the surface of the glass plate, the width of each metal wire is 0-5 mu m, and the distance between the metal grids is smaller than 1/20 of the wavelength of the microwave; the metal wire is etched on the surface of the glass plate.
Furthermore, the substrate material of the glass plate is fused quartz glass, and the caliber of the glass plate is 0.75-1.2 m; the metal wire grids are orthogonal two-dimensional metal grids, and the metal wire grids are made of gold or copper.
The invention also provides an imaging method based on the optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system, which comprises the following steps:
1) transmission of microwave signals
1.1) the phased array radar transceiver system transmits microwave signals to the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device;
1.2) microwave signals are reflected to the ground through a light-transmitting reflecting microwave light-splitting frequency divider, a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna in sequence;
2) reception of optical band and microwave signals
2.1) the ground passive optical band and the microwaves scattered by the ground are sequentially incident to the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna, the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and the transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider;
2.2) the microwave enters a phased array radar transceiving system after being reflected by the light-transmitting reflection microwave light splitting frequency division device;
the ground passive optical wave band is transmitted by the transmission reflection microwave light splitting frequency division device and then enters the rear optical imaging system;
3) processing of optical band and microwave signals
The phased array radar transceiver system sends the microwave signals to the ground signal processor, the rear optical imaging system sends the optical wave band to the ground signal processor, and the ground signal processor performs heterogeneous image fusion on the microwave signals and the optical wave band.
Further, in step 1.1), the substrate material of the light-transmitting reflective microwave spectroscopic frequency divider is fused quartz glass, and orthogonal two-dimensional metal grids are etched on the surface of the glass.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The invention discloses an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system, which is characterized in that the optical and radar are designed to have common aperture, so that a radar antenna and a visible light imaging reflector have common aperture and common view field work: the advantages of the micron-scale optical wave band and the millimeter-scale microwave can be complemented in an imaging mode, the target recognition capability is enhanced, the heterogeneous image fusion is optimized, the resolution of a synthetic image is improved, and the method can be widely applied to the fields of three-dimensional imaging of urban buildings, geological disaster evaluation of earthquake and flood and the like.
According to the optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system, the synthetic aperture radar antenna and the optical imaging reflector are shared, the integration of the system is improved, the system has the advantages of small size, light weight and the like, is suitable for the space remote sensing imaging environment, avoids the problem of limitation of the installation volume of a satellite platform, and prolongs the operation time of a remote sensing satellite.
The optical transmittance of the transparent reflection microwave light splitting and frequency dividing device is greater than 85%, the millimeter wave reflectivity is greater than 90%, and the resolution of 0.5m of visible light and the resolution of 1m of synthetic aperture radar can be realized at a distance of 500 km.
In the optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system adopted by the invention, the nickel alloy layers are arranged on the surfaces of the mirror blanks of the reflecting mirror surfaces of the primary and secondary reflecting mirror synthetic aperture radar antennas, so that high reflectivity for optical wave bands and microwaves can be ensured.
According to the optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system, the rear optical imaging system is arranged by using the off-axis imaging structure, so that the microwave energy attenuation is effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of an optical system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a synthetic aperture radar antenna system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a phased array microwave feed of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the metal grids of the light-transmitting reflective microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device in the invention.
In the figure:
the system comprises a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna, a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna, a 3-light transmission reflection microwave light splitting and frequency dividing device, a 4-off-axis three-reflection anti-aberration mirror group, a 5-phased array radar receiving and transmitting system, a 5.1-phased array microwave feed source, a 5.2-phased array feed source focus and a 6-optical detector.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, an optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system in this embodiment includes a transceiver unit, a beam splitting and frequency dividing unit, a phased array radar transceiver system 5 and a post-optical imaging system;
the receiving and transmitting unit comprises a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1 and a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 2;
the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device 3 is adopted as the light-splitting frequency-dividing unit;
microwave signals sent by the phased array radar transceiving system 5 are reflected by the light-transmitting reflection microwave beam splitting and frequency dividing device 3, the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 2 and the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1 in sequence and then are sent to the ground through the common window;
the primary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1 collects microwave scattering signals and ground passive optical bands through a common window and sequentially reflects the microwave scattering signals and the ground passive optical bands to the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 2 and the transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider 3; the phased array radar transceiver system 5 is arranged on a microwave reflection path of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device 3;
the rear optical imaging system is arranged on an optical transmission line of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device 3.
The reflector surface of the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1 is a paraboloid, so that the near-earth orbit synthetic aperture radar can be ensured to receive and transmit energy, the caliber of the reflector surface is 2m, and the curvature radius is 4.6 m; high reflectivity to optics and microwaves can be ensured simultaneously;
the base material of the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1 is aluminum-based silicon carbide, a nickel alloy layer with the thickness of about 50-100 microns (optimized according to the thickness of the reflector) is firstly plated on a mirror blank after mechanical processing, preferably a nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 50 microns, and an optical reflection aluminum or silver film is plated on the surface of the mirror blank after polishing, wherein the thickness of the silver film can be 30 nm.
The reflecting mirror surface of the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 2 is a paraboloid, the caliber of the reflecting mirror surface is 0.5 m-0.6 m, and the curvature radius is 1.5 m-1.8 m; the mirror blank material of the reflecting mirror surface is silicon carbide or aluminum-based silicon carbide, the mirror blank is plated with nickel alloy of about 10-50 mu m (optimized according to the thickness of the reflecting mirror) after being machined, and then is plated with optical reflecting aluminum or silver film after being polished.
The rear optical imaging system comprises an off-axis three-mirror aberration elimination lens group 4 and an optical detector 6, wherein the off-axis three-mirror aberration elimination lens group 4 is of an off-axis three-mirror aberration elimination structure and converges parallel compressed light beams received by the primary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna and the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna on the optical detector 6.
The phased array radar transmitting and receiving system 5 comprises a phased array microwave feed source 5.1, a receiver and a transmitter, as shown in fig. 4, the phased array microwave feed source 5.1 consists of combined feed sources which are arranged in an orthogonal two-dimensional mode, and a transmitting and receiving conversion switch of the phased array radar transmitting and receiving system can enable a single feed source to receive electromagnetic waves and transmit the electromagnetic waves; as shown in fig. 3, the phased array feed source focal point 5.2 is the position of the phased array single feed source focal point; the receiver and the transmitter are used for receiving and transmitting microwave signals, respectively.
The transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider is characterized in that a substrate of the transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider is preferably fused quartz glass, the caliber of the transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider is 0.75m, as shown in fig. 5, a high-conductivity material is adopted to etch an orthogonal two-dimensional metal grid on the surface of the glass, a metal wire grid material is gold or copper, the width of a metal wire is smaller than 5 mu m on the premise of ensuring the grid strength so as to ensure the optical transmittance, the distance between the metal wire grids is smaller than 1/20 of the microwave wavelength so as to ensure the microwave reflectivity, the distance between the metal wire grids can be set to be 500 mu m, and the; the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device 3 can ensure that the reflectivity of the microwave is more than 90 percent, and the optical transmittance is more than 85 percent.
The invention also provides a common-aperture composite imaging method of the optical and synthetic aperture radar, which comprises the following steps:
1) transmission of microwave signals
1.1) the phased array radar transceiver system 5 transmits a microwave signal to the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device 3;
1.2) microwave signals are reflected to the ground sequentially through a light-transmitting reflecting microwave light-splitting frequency divider 3, a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 2 and a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1;
2) reception of optical band and microwave signals
2.1) the ground passive optical band and the microwaves scattered by the ground are sequentially incident to a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 1, a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna 2 and a transparent reflection microwave light splitting frequency divider 3;
2.2) the microwave enters a phased array radar transceiver system 5 after being reflected by the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency division device 3;
the ground passive optical wave band enters a rear optical imaging system after being transmitted by the light-transmitting reflection microwave light splitting frequency division device 3;
3) processing of optical band and microwave signals
The phased array radar transceiver system 5 sends the microwave signals to the ground signal processor, the rear optical imaging system sends the optical wave band to the ground signal processor, and the ground signal processor performs heterogeneous image fusion on the microwave signals and the optical wave band.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optics and radar common aperture compound imaging system which is characterized in that:
the system comprises a transceiving unit, a light splitting and frequency dividing unit, a phased array radar transceiving system (5) and a rear optical imaging system;
the receiving and transmitting unit comprises a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (1) and a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (2);
the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device (3) is arranged in the light-splitting frequency-dividing unit;
microwave signals sent by the phased array radar transceiving system (5) are transmitted to the ground after being reflected by the light-transmitting reflection microwave beam splitting and frequency dividing device (3), the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (2) and the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (1) in sequence;
the primary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (1) collects microwave scattering signals and ground passive optical bands and sequentially reflects the microwave scattering signals and the ground passive optical bands to the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (2) and the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency divider (3);
the phased array radar transceiver system (5) is arranged on a microwave reflection route of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device (3);
the rear optical imaging system is arranged on an optical transmission line of the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device (3).
2. The optical and radar common aperture composite imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the reflector surface of the main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (1) is a paraboloid, the caliber of the reflector surface is 2 m-5 m, and the curvature radius is 4.6m-10 m; the surface of the mirror blank of the reflecting mirror surface is provided with a nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 50-100 mu m.
3. The optical and radar common aperture composite imaging system of claim 2, wherein: the reflecting mirror surface of the secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (2) is a paraboloid, the caliber of the reflecting mirror surface is 0.5 m-0.6 m, and the curvature radius is 1.5 m-1.8 m; the surface of the mirror blank of the reflecting mirror surface is provided with a nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 10-50 mu m.
4. An optical and radar co-aperture composite imaging system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the rear optical imaging system comprises an off-axis three-reflection aberration eliminating mirror group (4) and an optical detector (6), wherein the off-axis three-reflection aberration eliminating mirror group (4) is used for reflecting and converging a transmission optical waveband of the transmission reflection microwave light splitting frequency dividing device (3) onto the optical detector (6).
5. The optical and radar common aperture composite imaging system of claim 4, wherein: the light-transmitting reflection microwave light splitting and frequency dividing device comprises a glass plate and metal wire grids arranged on the surface of the glass plate, the width of each metal wire is 0-5 mu m, and the distance between the metal grids is smaller than 1/20 of the wavelength of microwaves.
6. The optical and radar common aperture composite imaging system of claim 5, wherein: the metal wire is etched on the surface of the glass plate.
7. The optical and radar common aperture composite imaging system of claim 6, wherein: the substrate material of the glass plate is fused quartz glass, and the caliber of the glass plate is 0.75-1.2 m.
8. The optical and radar common aperture composite imaging system of claim 7, wherein: the metal wire grids are orthogonal two-dimensional metal grids, and the metal wire grids are made of gold or copper.
9. An optical and synthetic aperture radar common-aperture composite imaging method based on the optical and radar common-aperture composite imaging system of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) transmission of microwave signals
1.1) a phased array radar transceiving system (5) transmits a microwave signal to a light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device (3);
1.2) microwave signals are reflected to the ground through a light-transmitting reflection microwave beam splitting frequency divider (3), a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (2) and a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (1) in sequence;
2) reception of optical band and microwave signals
2.1) the ground passive optical wave band and the microwaves scattered by the ground are sequentially incident to a main reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (1), a secondary reflector synthetic aperture radar antenna (2) and a transparent reflection microwave light splitting and frequency dividing device (3);
2.2) the microwave enters a phased array radar transceiver system (5) after being reflected by the light-transmitting reflection microwave beam splitting frequency divider (3);
the ground passive optical wave band enters a rear optical imaging system (4) after being transmitted by the light-transmitting reflection microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing device (3);
3) processing of optical band and microwave signals
The phased array radar transceiving system (5) sends the microwave signals to the ground signal processor, the rear optical imaging system sends the optical wave band to the ground signal processor, and the ground signal processor performs heterogeneous image fusion on the microwave signals and the optical wave band.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: in the step 1.1), the substrate material of the light-transmitting reflection microwave spectroscopic frequency division device (3) is fused quartz glass, and orthogonal two-dimensional metal grids are etched on the surface of the glass.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112859313A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-05-28 | 航天科工微电子系统研究院有限公司 | Off-axis reflection type emission imaging common-aperture optical system and method |
| CN115616561A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Multisource integrated detection method based on common aperture integration of optical SAR |
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