CN112484799A - Ultrasonic open channel flowmeter - Google Patents
Ultrasonic open channel flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112484799A CN112484799A CN202011444288.3A CN202011444288A CN112484799A CN 112484799 A CN112484799 A CN 112484799A CN 202011444288 A CN202011444288 A CN 202011444288A CN 112484799 A CN112484799 A CN 112484799A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
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- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic open channel flowmeter, which belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and comprises a control unit, a liquid level detection unit, a flow rate detection unit, an anti-shake detection unit, a wireless communication unit and a power supply unit, wherein the liquid level detection unit, the flow rate detection unit, the anti-shake detection unit and the wireless communication unit are all connected with the control unit, the power supply unit provides voltage for the whole circuit, and the wireless communication unit is used for establishing communication connection with a terminal. The technical problem of inaccurate liquid level detection caused by looseness of the open channel flowmeter is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and relates to an ultrasonic open channel flowmeter
Background
The flow of the fluid is measured under the free surface condition of natural flow under a plurality of non-full water, large flow (or small flow), so as to be called open channel flow detection. Because the flow rate of the open channel is larger or smaller, the fluid is often corrosive or carries impurities, and the flow rate is difficult to detect by using a common pipeline flowmeter. For example, in the fields of industrial enterprise drainage, hospital wastewater, agricultural irrigation water, urban underground water channel drainage and the like, open channel flow detection, particularly a non-contact ultrasonic open channel flow meter, is a preferred flow monitoring instrument.
The flow is obtained by utilizing the open channel technology, taking a flow velocity-water level operation method as a basis, measuring the liquid level height of the fluid, combining the geometric dimension of a standard weir notch, a slope coefficient, channel precision, a hydraulic ramp and a flow velocity vertical plane correction coefficient, and calculating by a microprocessor in an instrument. Due to the non-contact measurement, the open channel flow meter can be applied in a harsher environment. The open channel flowmeter transmits and receives ultrasonic waves under the control of a microcomputer, and the distance between the open channel flowmeter and the measured liquid level is calculated according to the transmission time, so that the liquid level height is obtained.
The measurement of fluid liquid level height is the core that open channel flowmeter detected discharge, therefore need guarantee that open channel flowmeter's setting needs a stable firm environment, but because open channel flowmeter is located the environment moist, fixed structure takes place to become flexible along with the time easily or because factors such as external cause open channel flowmeter to measure the ultrasonic transducer angle or the skew of position emergence of liquid level, causes the inaccurate condition of liquid level detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs an ultrasonic open channel flowmeter, and solves the technical problem of inaccurate liquid level detection caused by loose arrangement of the open channel flowmeter by adding an anti-shake detection unit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
an ultrasonic open channel flowmeter comprises a control unit, a liquid level detection unit, a flow velocity detection unit, an anti-shake detection unit, a wireless communication unit and a power supply unit,
the liquid level detection unit, the flow rate detection unit, the anti-shake detection unit and the wireless communication unit are all connected with the control unit, the power supply unit provides voltage for the whole circuit, the wireless communication unit is used for establishing communication connection with a terminal,
the anti-shake detection unit comprises a liquid level sensor, an optocoupler U1 and a triode Q4,
the output end of the liquid level sensor is connected with the input end of an optocoupler U1, the output end of the optocoupler U1 is connected with the base electrode of a triode Q4 through a rheostat RP1, and the output end of the liquid level sensor is grounded through a capacitor C1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q4 is grounded, the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with a VCC voltage source after being connected with a resistor R6 in series, and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is used as the output connection control unit of the anti-shake detection unit.
The liquid level detection unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting module and an ultrasonic receiving module,
the ultrasonic transmitting module comprises a driving circuit and an ultrasonic transmitter, and the control unit is connected with the driving circuit and then connected with the ultrasonic transmitter;
the ultrasonic receiving module comprises an ultrasonic receiver, an amplifying circuit, a filter circuit and an A/D conversion circuit, and the ultrasonic receiver is connected with the amplifying circuit, the filter circuit and the A/D conversion circuit in sequence and then connected with the control unit.
3. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 2, wherein: the driving circuit comprises triodes Q1, Q2, Q3, a light emitting diode LED1 and a diode D1,
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is used as the input end of the driving circuit to be connected with the control unit, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the ultrasonic emitter after being sequentially connected with the light emitting diode LED1, the resistor R1 and the diode D1 in series, the conducting directions of the diode LED1 and the diode D1 are both directed to the ultrasonic emitter from the emitter electrode of the triode Q3,
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 by a resistor R2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the collector of a triode Q1, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitter of a triode Q3 by a resistor R3, the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, and the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the ultrasonic transmitter.
The signal amplification circuit comprises an amplifier U2, wherein the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of the amplifier U2 are respectively connected with the ultrasonic receiver through resistors R12 and R11, the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U2 is grounded through a capacitor C2, a resistor R10 is connected between the output end of the amplifier U2 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U2 in parallel, and the output end of the amplifier U2 is connected with a filter circuit.
Band-pass filter circuit is including inductance L1, resistance R9, resistance R7 and the inductance L2 that connects gradually, resistance R9 with resistance R7 tie point still is connected with inductance L3's one end, inductance L3's other end ground connection, inductance L3's both ends parallel resistance R8.
The wireless communication unit comprises a communication chip, a SIM card chip and a level conversion circuit,
the communication chip is in data transmission with the control unit by means of the level conversion circuit, and the SIM card chip is connected with the communication chip and supports communication with the server terminal.
The main control unit comprises a controller U7 and a display chip U8, and an SDA pin and an SCL pin of the display chip U7 are connected with the control chip U8.
The LED driving circuit further comprises a triode Q5 and a capacitor C3, an emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with a RST pin of the controller U7, a collector of the triode is connected with a voltage source VCC, resistors R19 and R20 are connected in series between a base and a collector of the triode Q5, and a capacitor C3 is connected in series between a connecting point of the resistors R19 and R20 and the ground.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the anti-shake detection unit can detect abnormal activity of the flowmeter in the using process in real time, fault information is sent to the control unit, the control unit sends the fault information to the server terminal by virtue of the wireless communication unit after operation processing, and workers can receive the fault information of the flowmeter in time and carry out subsequent maintenance processing. The technical problem of inaccurate liquid level detection caused by looseness of the open channel flowmeter is solved.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the anti-shake detection unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an ultrasonic transmission module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an ultrasonic receiving module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a control unit of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the scope and implementation of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is an ultrasonic open channel flowmeter, including a control unit, a liquid level detection unit, a flow rate detection unit, an anti-shake detection unit, a wireless communication unit and a power supply unit, where the liquid level detection unit, the flow rate detection unit, the anti-shake detection unit and the wireless communication unit are all connected to the control unit, the power supply unit provides voltage for the whole circuit, and the wireless communication unit is used to establish communication connection with a terminal.
In the invention, the liquid level detection unit and the flow velocity detection unit respectively measure the liquid level change and the flow velocity of channel fluid, and send detection information to the control unit, the anti-shake detection unit can detect abnormal activity of the flowmeter in the use process in real time and send fault information to the control unit, the control unit sends the fault information to the server terminal by virtue of the wireless communication unit after operation processing, the server terminal is a receiving device which can be connected to mobile equipment, and a worker can establish communication with the ultrasonic open channel flowmeter by virtue of a mobile phone or a notebook computer, so that the worker can timely receive the fault information of the flowmeter while obtaining the flow information of the ditch, and carry out subsequent maintenance processing.
In embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2, the anti-shake detection unit includes a liquid level sensor, an optocoupler U1 and a transistor Q4, an output end of the liquid level sensor is connected to an input end of an optocoupler U1, an output end of the optocoupler U1 is connected to a base of a transistor Q4 through a rheostat RP1, and an output end of the liquid level sensor is further grounded through a capacitor C1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q4 is grounded, the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with a VCC voltage source after being connected with a resistor R6 in series, and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is used as the output connection control unit of the anti-shake detection unit.
The liquid level sensor is isolated from interference by the optocoupler U1, and then outputs signals which are connected with the base electrode of the triode Q4 through the rheostat RP1, and different amplitudes are output to the control unit for corresponding processing operation through different signals output by the optocoupler U1; the voltage at one end of the control unit is small, the voltage at one end of the sensor is large, and the optocoupler U1 is also used for isolating the voltage action at the two ends to prevent the circuit from being damaged; the capacitor C1 is a filter capacitor; by adjusting the resistance value of the rheostat RP1, the current of the emitter of the triode Q4 can be changed, and the smaller the resistance value of the rheostat RP1 is, the larger the current of the emitter of the triode Q4 is, so that the threshold value of the alarm signal of the liquid level sensor can be changed. When the flowmeter is loose due to loose fixation or other external factors, the arranged liquid level sensor can output corresponding high level, the anti-shake detection unit is switched on, and signals are input to the control unit.
In specific embodiment 2, the liquid level detection unit includes an ultrasonic transmission module and an ultrasonic reception module, the ultrasonic transmission module includes a driving circuit and an ultrasonic transmitter, and the control unit is connected to the driving circuit and then to the ultrasonic transmitter; the ultrasonic receiving module comprises an ultrasonic receiver, an amplifying circuit, a filter circuit and an A/D conversion circuit, and the ultrasonic receiver is connected with the amplifying circuit, the filter circuit and the A/D conversion circuit in sequence and then connected with the control unit.
The drive circuit is to generate an electric pulse with a certain frequency, a certain pulse width and a certain output power to excite the ultrasonic transmitter, and then the ultrasonic transmitter converts the electric pulse into ultrasonic waves to be transmitted outwards. The ultrasonic signals transmitted by the ultrasonic transmitter pass through the pipe wall and the fluid, and the attenuation is large, so that the signals received by the ultrasonic receiver are weak, and the signals need to be amplified by an amplifying circuit, so that the signals can be conveniently received by a later stage. In transmission, due to electronic interference such as vibration, flowing pulse, pipeline noise in industrial fields, electrical noise of frequency conversion equipment and the like, periodic signals exist, correct measurement results cannot be obtained, a filter circuit is required to process the signals, and the signals are input into a control unit by means of A/D conversion after passing through a front amplification filter circuit to obtain required measurement data.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the driving circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, a light emitting diode LED1, a diode D1, the base electrode of the triode Q3 is used as the input end of the driving circuit to be connected with the control unit, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the light emitting diode LED1, the resistor R1 and the diode D1 in series in sequence and then connected with the ultrasonic transmitter, the conducting directions of the diode LED1 and the diode D1 are both directed from the emitter of the transistor Q3 to the ultrasonic transmitter, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 by a resistor R2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 by a resistor R3, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected with the ultrasonic transmitter.
The driving circuit is a strong feedback type oscillator consisting of triodes Q1 and Q2, the oscillation frequency is the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transmitter, the ultrasonic transmitter plays a feedback coupling role in the circuit and converts an electric signal into an ultrasonic signal to be transmitted outwards, the oscillation waveforms at two ends of the ultrasonic transducer are square waves, and the voltage amplitude is close to the VCC power supply voltage of 9V of the circuit; the base of the triode Q3 is connected with the control unit, the control unit inputs a high level control signal to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit works, so that the ultrasonic transmitter sends out a string of 40kHz ultrasonic waves.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the signal amplification circuit includes an amplifier U2, the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the amplifier U2 are connected to the ultrasonic receiver through resistors R12 and R11, respectively, the non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier U2 is grounded through a capacitor C2, a resistor R10 is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the amplifier U2 and the inverting input terminal of the amplifier U2, and the output terminal of the amplifier U2 is connected to a filter circuit. Band-pass filter circuit is including inductance L1, resistance R9, resistance R7 and the inductance L2 that connects gradually, resistance R9 with resistance R7 tie point still is connected with inductance L3's one end, inductance L3's other end ground connection, inductance L3's both ends parallel resistance R8.
The amplifier U2 amplifies the ultrasonic signals received by the ultrasonic receiver and inputs the signals into the filter circuit, the parallel resonance is formed by L3 and R8, and the series resonance is formed by L1, R9, L2 and R7 to form a T-shaped network, so that the band-pass filter function is realized.
In specific embodiment 3, the wireless communication unit includes a communication chip, an SIM card chip, and a level shift circuit, where the communication chip performs data transmission with the control unit by means of the level shift circuit, and the SIM card chip is connected with the communication chip and supports communication with the server terminal.
The model of the communication chip is EC20, the wireless communication circuit establishes communication with the server terminal through the antenna module, and when the mobile communication circuit is required to work, the SIM card chip can select the SIM card mode to support the communication of the wireless communication unit. The level conversion circuit adopts two level converters with the model number of 74LVC1T45 and supports data transmission of the wireless communication unit and the main control unit.
In embodiment 4, as shown in fig. 5, the main control unit includes a controller U7 and a display chip U8, and the SDA pin and the SCL pin of the display chip U7 are connected to the control chip U8.
Further, the control unit further comprises a triode Q5 and a capacitor C3, an emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with a RST pin of the controller U7, a collector of the triode is connected with a voltage source VCC, resistors R19 and R20 are connected in series between a base and the collector of the triode Q5, and a capacitor C3 is connected in series between a connecting point of the resistors R19 and R20 and the ground.
The invention also has a power-on automatic reset function, when the flowmeter is powered on for use, the capacitor C3 needs to be charged, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor C3 gradually rises, in the beginning period, the triode Q5 is in a cut-off state, a high-level reset signal is provided for the controller U7, when the voltage at two ends of the capacitor C3 exceeds 5V, the triode Q5 is conducted, the reset pin RST of the control area U7 becomes low level, and the controller U7 finishes the service and starts to enter a normal working state.
Claims (8)
1. An ultrasonic open channel flowmeter which is characterized in that: comprises a control unit, a liquid level detection unit, a flow velocity detection unit, an anti-shake detection unit, a wireless communication unit and a power supply unit,
the liquid level detection unit, the flow rate detection unit, the anti-shake detection unit and the wireless communication unit are all connected with the control unit, the power supply unit provides voltage for the whole circuit, the wireless communication unit is used for establishing communication connection with a terminal,
the anti-shake detection unit comprises a liquid level sensor, an optocoupler U1 and a triode Q4,
the output end of the liquid level sensor is connected with the input end of an optocoupler U1, the output end of the optocoupler U1 is connected with the base electrode of a triode Q4 through a rheostat RP1, and the output end of the liquid level sensor is grounded through a capacitor C1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q4 is grounded, the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with a VCC voltage source after being connected with a resistor R6 in series, and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is used as the output connection control unit of the anti-shake detection unit.
2. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid level detection unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting module and an ultrasonic receiving module,
the ultrasonic transmitting module comprises a driving circuit and an ultrasonic transmitter, and the control unit is connected with the driving circuit and then connected with the ultrasonic transmitter;
the ultrasonic receiving module comprises an ultrasonic receiver, an amplifying circuit, a filter circuit and an A/D conversion circuit, and the ultrasonic receiver is connected with the amplifying circuit, the filter circuit and the A/D conversion circuit in sequence and then connected with the control unit.
3. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 2, wherein: the driving circuit comprises triodes Q1, Q2, Q3, a light emitting diode LED1 and a diode D1,
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is used as the input end of the driving circuit to be connected with the control unit, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the ultrasonic emitter after being sequentially connected with the light emitting diode LED1, the resistor R1 and the diode D1 in series, the conducting directions of the diode LED1 and the diode D1 are both directed to the ultrasonic emitter from the emitter electrode of the triode Q3,
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 by a resistor R2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the collector of a triode Q1, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitter of a triode Q3 by a resistor R3, the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, and the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the ultrasonic transmitter.
4. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 2, wherein: the signal amplification circuit comprises an amplifier U2, wherein the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of the amplifier U2 are respectively connected with the ultrasonic receiver through resistors R12 and R11, the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U2 is grounded through a capacitor C2, a resistor R10 is connected between the output end of the amplifier U2 and the inverting input end of the amplifier U2 in parallel, and the output end of the amplifier U2 is connected with a filter circuit.
5. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 2, wherein: band-pass filter circuit is including inductance L1, resistance R9, resistance R7 and the inductance L2 that connects gradually, resistance R9 with resistance R7 tie point still is connected with inductance L3's one end, inductance L3's other end ground connection, inductance L3's both ends parallel resistance R8.
6. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 1, wherein: the wireless communication unit comprises a communication chip, a SIM card chip and a level conversion circuit,
the communication chip is in data transmission with the control unit by means of the level conversion circuit, and the SIM card chip is connected with the communication chip and supports communication with the server terminal.
7. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 1, wherein: the main control unit comprises a controller U7 and a display chip U8, and an SDA pin and an SCL pin of the display chip U7 are connected with the control chip U8.
8. An ultrasonic open channel flow meter according to claim 7, wherein: the LED driving circuit further comprises a triode Q5 and a capacitor C3, an emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with a RST pin of the controller U7, a collector of the triode is connected with a voltage source VCC, resistors R19 and R20 are connected in series between a base and a collector of the triode Q5, and a capacitor C3 is connected in series between a connecting point of the resistors R19 and R20 and the ground.
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