CN112483632A

CN112483632A - Gear box and engineering machinery

Info

Publication number: CN112483632A
Application number: CN202011455465.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 米中生; 杨果; 陈春辉
Original assignee: Nanjing High Speed and Accurate Gear Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing High Speed and Accurate Gear Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-10
Filing date: 2020-12-10
Publication date: 2021-03-12

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gear transmission, in particular to a gear box and construction machinery. The gear box includes a box body, a first ventilation hole, a second ventilation hole, a ventilation cap and a cover body; the cover body is detachably covered on the box body, and an accommodation space is formed between the cover body and the box body; the first ventilation hole The second ventilation hole is arranged between the box body and the cover and communicates with the accommodating space and the external environment; the ventilation cap is arranged in the accommodating space and assembled on the first in the ventilation holes. The gear box and construction machinery enable the inside of the box to exchange gas with the external environment, so that the inside of the box can be cooled by ventilation, maintain the cleanliness of the ventilation cap and the stability of the ventilation performance, and reduce the maintenance of the ventilation cap. frequency and prolong the service life of the vent cap, simple structure, easy processing and convenient installation and maintenance.

Description

Gear box and engineering machinery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gear transmission, in particular to a gear box and engineering machinery.

Background

The gearbox generates a lot of heat inside it during operation, which if accumulated in a large amount will not only affect the proper operation of the gearbox, but also the service life of the gearbox.

In the related art, the cooling is usually assisted by a cooling system or a sealing-enhancing manner, but both of the manners have the problems of complicated structure, difficult arrangement and high cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a gearbox, which aims to solve the technical problems that an auxiliary cooling mode in the prior art is complex in structure, not easy to set and high in cost to a certain extent.

The second objective of the present invention is to provide an engineering machine, so as to solve the technical problems of the prior art that the auxiliary cooling manner is generally complex in structure, not easy to set, and expensive in cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions;

based on the first purpose, the gear box provided by the invention comprises a box body, a first air hole, a second air hole, an air cap and a cover body;

the cover body is detachably arranged on the box body in a covering mode, and an accommodating space is formed between the cover body and the box body;

the first air holes are formed in the box body and communicated with the accommodating space and the interior of the box body, and the second air holes are formed between the box body and the cover body and communicated with the accommodating space and the external environment;

the ventilation cap is arranged in the accommodating space and assembled in the first ventilation hole.

In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the first vent hole is disposed at the top of the box body.

In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the first vent includes a first hole portion and a second hole portion that are sequentially communicated;

the first hole portion extends along the top bottom direction of the box body and is communicated with the accommodating space and the second hole portion, and the extending direction of the second hole portion and the top bottom direction of the box body form an inclined included angle and are communicated with the inside of the gear box and the first hole portion.

In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, a connection between the second hole portion and the inner wall of the box body is higher than a highest liquid level of the lubricating oil in the box body.

In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, a mounting counter bore is provided on the top surface of the box body, and the first vent hole is formed in the bottom of the mounting counter bore;

the cover body can detachably cover the hole opening of the mounting counter bore;

the second air hole penetrates through the inner side wall of the mounting counter bore and the outer side wall of the box body;

and/or the gear box also comprises a fastener, and the cover body is detachably connected with the box body through the fastener.

In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, the number of the first air holes is at least one, and the number of the second air holes is multiple;

the number of the second air holes is larger than that of the first air holes, and the aperture of the second air holes is smaller than that of the first air holes.

In any of the above solutions, optionally, the sum of radial cross-sectional areas of all the second ventilation holes is not less than the sum of ventilation areas of all the ventilation caps.

In any of the above solutions, optionally, the gearbox is a cutting gearbox.

In any of the above solutions, optionally, the ventilation cap is a one-way ventilation cap, and the one-way ventilation cap allows only one-way flow of gas from the inside of the box body to the accommodating space.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a gear box which comprises a box body, a first air hole, a second air hole, an air cap and a cover body. The box is located to lid detachably lid, forms the accommodation space between lid and the box to separate accommodation space and external environment through the lid, in order to avoid external environment's dust and impurity invasion or pollution accommodation space. The first air hole is formed in the box body and communicated with the accommodating space and the interior of the box body, the second air hole is formed between the box body and the cover body and communicated with the accommodating space and the external environment, and the vent cap is arranged in the accommodating space and assembled in the first air hole, so that on one hand, the interior of the box body is communicated with the external environment through the first air hole, the vent cap, the accommodating space and the second air hole in sequence, the interior of the box body can exchange gas with the external environment, and the interior of the box body is cooled through ventilation; on the other hand, because the ventilation cap is located the accommodation space, therefore compare in the scheme that exposes and use the ventilation cap, be favorable to keeping the stability of the clean nature and the gas permeability of ventilation cap to be favorable to reducing the maintenance frequency of ventilation cap and prolong the life of ventilation cap. The gear box adopts the ventilating structure to realize cooling, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, and convenient installation and maintenance.

The engineering machinery provided by the invention comprises the gear box, so that all the beneficial effects of the gear box can be realized.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of a gearbox according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second structural diagram of a gearbox according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 at section A-A;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 at section B-B;

fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 4 at section C-C.

Icon: 1-a gear box; 10-a cover body; 11-a box body; 110-a ridge connection; 12-a fastener; 13-a vent cap; 14-a first vent; 140-a first aperture portion; 141-a second hole portion; 15-second air holes; 16-installing a counter bore.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a gearbox; in order to express the structure more clearly, a boundary line of the illustrated portion and the hidden portion is identified by a dotted line in fig. 1 to 6.

The gear box provided by the embodiment is used for the engineering machinery.

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the gear case 1 according to the present embodiment includes a case 11, a first vent 14, a second vent 15, a vent cap 13, a fastening member 12, and a cover 10.

Hereinafter, the above-described respective components of the gear box 1 will be described in detail.

The box 11 in this embodiment is used for accommodating the transmission components of the gear box 1 and the lubricating fluid, and during the operation of the gear box 1, the transmission components generate a large amount of heat due to friction during operation, which causes the temperature inside the box 11 to rise, thereby causing the temperature of the working environment of the transmission components to rise.

In this embodiment, the first vent hole 14 is formed in the case 11, the vent cap 13 is assembled in the first vent hole 14, and the air in the gear case 1 and the external air are circulated and exchanged with each other through the first vent hole 14 and the vent cap 13, so that the inside of the case 11 can be cooled through ventilation. Wherein, the ventilation cap 13 can prevent external dust and impurities from entering the inside of the box body 11, thereby ensuring that the transmission component operates in a clean environment.

In the present embodiment, in order to prevent the ventilation cap 13 from being contaminated, the cover 10 is detachably covered on the box 11, and an accommodating space is formed between the cover 10 and the box 11. That is, the cover 10 separates the external environment from the accommodating space, so as to prevent external dust and impurities from entering the accommodating space, and keep the accommodating space clean and sanitary.

Further, first bleeder vent 14 intercommunication accommodation space and the inside of box 11 ventilates cap 13 and sets up in the accommodation space, can avoid ventilating cap 13's ventilative mouth on the one hand by external dust and impurity shutoff, guarantees cap 13's the use cleanness of ventilating to guarantee that the gas circulation is unobstructed, on the other hand can show maintenance frequency and the loss rate that reduces cap 13 of ventilating, thereby the life of cap 13 is ventilated in the extension.

In the present embodiment, in order to ensure that the inside of the box 11 can be communicated with the outside even when the cover 10 is provided, the inside of the box 11 can be communicated with the outside environment through the first vent hole 14, the vent cap 13, the accommodating space, and the second vent hole 15 in sequence by providing the second vent hole 15 communicating the accommodating space with the outside environment on the box 11. Therefore, the basic ventilation function of the gear box 1 can be guaranteed, the ventilation cap 13 can be effectively protected, and the ventilation cap 13 is prevented from being polluted.

In this embodiment, the aperture of second bleeder vent 15 is less than the aperture of first bleeder vent 14, can guarantee that second bleeder vent 15 communicates accommodation space and external environment with less radial sectional area, can not only supply the gas flow can also play to stop and filterable effect to dust and impurity to avoid external dust and impurity to get into and pollute the accommodation space through second bleeder vent 15. Specifically, the radial sectional area of the second airing hole 15 should not be larger than the airing area of the airing cap 13.

The number of the first air holes 14 is at least one, the number of the second air holes 15 is multiple, and the number of the second air holes 15 is larger than that of the first air holes 14, so that enough number of the second air holes 15 is ensured, and the ventilation quantity between the accommodating space and the external environment is further ensured.

As an example, the number of the first vents 14 is one, and the number of the second vents 15 is five.

As another example, the number of the first vents 14 is two, and the number of the second vents 15 is fourteen.

In the present embodiment, the sum of the radial sectional areas of all the second ventilation holes 15 is not less than the sum of the ventilation areas of all the ventilation caps 13, so as to ensure that the ventilation capability of the second ventilation holes 15 can meet the ventilation requirement of the ventilation caps 13.

Specifically, in order to ensure that the radial sectional area of each second vent hole 15 is sufficiently small to ensure that foreign substances and the like do not intrude, the number of the second vent holes 15 is at least five times the number of the first vent holes 14, that is, the radial sectional area of each second vent hole 15 is not more than one fifth of the vent area of each vent cap 13.

In the present embodiment, in order to reduce friction and heat generation caused by friction when the transmission component operates, the box 11 further contains lubricating oil, and at least part of the lubricating oil is deposited on the bottom of the box 11, and in order to avoid leakage of the lubricating oil and contamination of the vent cap 13 by the lubricating oil, the first vent 14 is disposed on the top of the box 11.

In this embodiment, the thickness of the box 11 is generally thick, and if the first vent 14 is directly set as a straight hole formed at one time, the forming difficulty is high and the requirement on the processing equipment is strict.

In order to reduce the difficulty in forming the first vent 14, the first vent 14 includes a first hole portion 140 and a second hole portion 141 which are sequentially communicated with each other, the first hole portion 140 extends along the top-bottom direction of the case 11 and communicates with the accommodating space and the second hole portion 141, an inclined included angle is formed between the extending direction of the second hole portion 141 and the top-bottom direction of the case 11 and communicates with the inside of the gear box 1 and the first hole portion 140, so that the first hole portion 140 is processed from outside to inside, the second hole portion 141 is processed from inside to outside, the first hole portion 140 and the second hole portion 141 are intersected and communicated with each other, and the processing of the first vent 14 can be completed. The provision of first hole portion 140 and second hole portion 141 not only reduces the difficulty of machining but also contributes to reducing the machining cost.

In the present embodiment, in order to avoid the contact of the first ventilation hole 14 with the lubricating oil, it is necessary to ensure that the connection between the second hole portion 141 and the inner wall of the case 11 is higher than the liquid level of the lubricating oil. Further, the connection between second hole 141 and the inner wall of case 11 can be determined by integrating the liquid level of the lubricating oil and the position of first hole 140.

Specifically, when the gear case 1 is a cutting gear case, since the cutting gear case needs to rotate continuously during operation, the relative position between the liquid level of the lubricating oil and the case 11 changes continuously with the rotation of the case 11, and the liquid level at the highest position among all the liquid levels formed during the rotation of the case 11 is defined as the highest liquid level, so that the connection between the second hole portion 141 and the inner wall of the case 11 of the cutting gear case is higher than the highest liquid level of the lubricating oil, and it can be ensured that the lubricating oil does not contaminate the second hole portion 141 and the vent cap 13.

In the present embodiment, the top surface of the box 11 is provided with a mounting counterbore 16, and the first vent 14 is opened at the bottom of the mounting counterbore 16. The cover body 10 detachably covers the orifice of the mounting counter bore 16, so that an accommodating space is formed between the cover body 10 and the mounting counter bore 16; the second ventilation hole 15 penetrates through the inner side wall of the mounting counter bore 16 and the outer side wall of the box body 11.

Through setting up installation counter bore 16 and through lid 10 closing cap installation counter bore 16, not only be favorable to improving the pleasing to the eye degree of this gear box 1's outward appearance, but also can avoid ventilating cap and lid 10 protrusion in the outer wall of box 11, can reduce the colliding with that the space interferes the cause.

In the embodiment, the second air vent 15 penetrates through the inner side wall of the mounting counter bore 16 and the outer side wall of the box body 11, so that the opening of the second air vent 15 faces the side part of the box body 11 instead of the top part of the box body 11, the first aspect avoids that water is filled into the accommodating space through the second air vent 15 in precipitation weather, and the second aspect can also avoid that external dust and impurities flow backwards due to high-speed operation because the movement direction of the gear box 1 is the same as the direction of the second air vent 15 for the gear box 1 which needs to rotate and is similar to a cutting gear box; in the third aspect, the accumulation of dust and impurities easily occurs at the top of the box body 11, and the accumulated dust and impurities can be prevented from falling into the accommodating space through the second air holes 15.

Optionally, the outer wall of the cap 10 mates with and conforms to the inner wall of the mounting counterbore 16.

Specifically, the side of the case 11 forms a ridge-shaped connecting part 110, and a mounting counter bore 16 is arranged at the top of the ridge-shaped connecting part 110; the second ventilation hole 15 penetrates from the inner side wall of the mounting counter bore 16 to the outer side wall of the ridge-shaped connecting part 110. Since the lateral thickness of the ridge-like connection part 110 is thin, the second vent hole 15 penetrates from the inner side wall of the mounting counter bore 16 to the outer side wall of the ridge-like connection part 110, so that not only can the processing difficulty of the second vent hole 15 be simplified, but also the length of the second vent hole 15 can be shortened, thereby improving the smoothness of airflow circulation.

In this embodiment, the gear box 1 further includes a fastener 12, and the cover 10 and the box 11 are detachably connected through the fastener 12, so that not only the connection strength can be ensured, but also the convenience in assembly and disassembly can be improved.

Optionally, the fastening member 12 includes four screws, and the four screws are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cover 10, so that a four-point detachable connection is formed between the cover 10 and the box 11. To reduce vibration and noise, a gasket may also be provided between the cover 10 and the bottom of the bore in which the counterbore 16 is mounted.

In this embodiment, when the gear case 1 is a cutting gear case, the working condition of the cutting gear case is complex during coal mining, which results in the temperature of the internal working environment of the transmission components of the gear case 1 being at a high level, the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the cutting gear case and the pressure being unequal will greatly reduce the service life of the cutting gear case, and the sealing difficulty of the high-speed end shaft diameter is increased. By adopting the ventilation mode without influencing the internal integral structure, other cooling systems do not need to be additionally arranged, the sealing is not needed to be strengthened, the internal and external temperature difference and the pressure difference of the cutting gear box can be balanced, and the coal ash and the dust can be prevented from invading into the box body, so that the sealing difficulty of the high-speed end shaft diameter can be reduced, the structural inheritance of the cutting gear box can be improved, and the cost is reduced.

In this embodiment, when gear box 1 is the cutting gear box, the unequal phenomenon of pressure differential that forms inside and outside box 11 is more obvious than other gear boxes 1, because the gas in the box 11 is heated large-amplitude expansion, lead to the atmospheric pressure in the box 11 to be much higher than external atmospheric pressure, therefore set up the cap 13 of ventilating into one-way ventilation cap, and only allow gaseous inside from the box 11 to the one-way flow of accommodation space, can guarantee that the gas in the box 11 in ventilates cap 13's inside and outside pressure differential effect and in time discharge through the cap 13 of ventilating, avoid taking place to lead to the condition of gaseous water conservancy diversion aggravation inside and outside pressure differential because of the accident, thereby make atmospheric pressure in the box 11 keep in normal level, thereby further reduce the sealed degree of difficulty of high-speed end shaft footpath.

Example two

The second embodiment provides a working machine, the second embodiment comprises the gearbox of the first embodiment, the technical characteristics of the gearbox disclosed in the first embodiment are also applicable to the second embodiment, and the technical characteristics of the gearbox disclosed in the first embodiment are not repeatedly described.

The engineering machine provided by the embodiment comprises a gearbox. When the gear box is a cutting gear box, the engineering machinery is a digging and anchoring machine.

The working machine in the embodiment has the advantages of the gearbox in the first embodiment, and the advantages of the gearbox disclosed in the first embodiment are not repeated here.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A gear box, characterized in that it comprises a box body, a first ventilation hole, a second ventilation hole, a ventilation cap and a cover body;

The cover body is detachably covered on the box body, and an accommodating space is formed between the cover body and the box body;

The first ventilation hole is arranged on the box body and communicates with the accommodating space and the inside of the box body, and the second ventilation hole is arranged between the box body and the cover body and communicates with the box body accommodating space and external environment;

2 . The gear box according to claim 1 , wherein the first ventilation hole is arranged on the top of the box body. 3 .

3 . The gear box according to claim 2 , wherein the first ventilation hole comprises a first hole portion and a second hole portion that are communicated in sequence; 3 .

The first hole portion extends along the top-bottom direction of the box body and communicates with the accommodating space and the second hole portion, and the extension direction of the second hole portion is formed with the top-bottom direction of the box body The included angle is inclined and communicated with the inside of the gear box and the first hole.

4 . The gear box according to claim 3 , wherein the connection between the second hole portion and the inner wall of the case body is higher than the highest liquid level of the lubricating oil in the case body. 5 .

5. The gear box according to claim 2, wherein the top surface of the box body is provided with an installation countersunk hole, and the first ventilation hole is opened at the bottom of the mounting counterbore;

the cover body is detachably covered on the hole of the mounting counterbore;

the second ventilation hole penetrates through the inner side wall of the mounting counterbore and the outer side wall of the box body;

And/or, the gear case further includes a fastener, and the cover body and the case body are detachably connected by the fastener.

6 . The gearbox according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the first ventilation holes is at least one, and the number of the second ventilation holes is multiple; 6 .

The number of the second ventilation holes is greater than the number of the first ventilation holes, and the diameter of the second ventilation holes is smaller than the diameter of the first ventilation holes.

7 . The gear box according to claim 6 , wherein the sum of the radial cross-sectional areas of all the second ventilation holes is not less than the sum of the ventilation areas of all the ventilation caps. 8 .

8. The gearbox of claim 1, wherein the gearbox is a cutting gearbox.

9 . The gear box according to claim 8 , wherein the vent cap is a one-way vent cap, and the one-way vent cap only allows one-way gas from the inside of the box to the accommodating space. 10 . flow.

10 . A construction machine, characterized in that, comprising the gearbox according to any one of claims 1 to 9 . 11 .