CN112483163B - One-way decreasing pressure control drainage and mining method for extracting coal bed gas on ground in tectonic coal mine area - Google Patents
One-way decreasing pressure control drainage and mining method for extracting coal bed gas on ground in tectonic coal mine area Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a one-way decreasing pressure-control drainage and mining method for extracting coal bed gas from the ground of a tectonic coal mine area, which comprises the following steps: step one, in a drainage stage, discharging liquid in a shaft to enable the pressure of the shaft to reach desorption pressure; step two, in the pressure holding stage, the descending speed of the liquid level is reduced, and the desorption range in the influence range of the drainage stage is expanded as much as possible; thirdly, in the pressure control stage, the bottom hole pressure is controlled in the air release process, so that reservoir damage caused by pressure excitation is avoided; fourthly, in a stable production stage, the time of the stable production period is prolonged by controlling the bottom hole pressure; and fifthly, in an attenuation stage, the gas production time is prolonged by actively decreasing the gas production rate, so that the rapid decrease of the gas production rate caused by too fast attenuation is avoided. The invention better reduces the risk of coal and gas outburst and increases the safety of drainage and mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of extracting oil, gas and water from a well, and particularly relates to a one-way decreasing pressure control drainage and extraction method for extracting coal bed gas on the ground in a tectonic coal mine area.
Background
Coal bed gas is a clean energy source, but is a disaster source for coal mine production. How to realize the pre-pumping of gas before coal mining, achieve the dual purposes of resource development and utilization and coal mine disaster reduction, most importantly, reduce the content of coal mine gas, release the gas pressure to a certain extent, reduce the danger of coal mine gas outburst, and is always the focus of attention of people.
The coal bed gas resource amount in China is rich, and the large-scale development and utilization of the coal bed gas can greatly make up for the shortage of energy supply in China. Most coal seams with coal bed gas have the characteristics of low pressure, low permeability, low saturation and high destruction, and most of the existing underground gas control adopts the technical idea of transplanting the ground hydraulic fracturing technology into the underground. The most likely problem with this technique is that the boreholes do not fully cover the test area, possibly creating a fracture void that results in the risk of coal and gas breakthrough, and affecting gas production.
With the increase of mining depth and the increasing intensity of resource requirements, a series of compulsory measures for coal mine gas disaster control and the development and utilization of coal bed gas in China encourage policies, particularly, new outburst prevention regulations further emphasize the importance of regional gas control, and the requirements of 'not digging outburst heads and not mining outburst surfaces' are required, so that the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements of the new regulations.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a one-way decreasing pressure control discharge and mining method for extracting coal bed gas on the ground in a tectonic coal mine area, which aims to solve the problems that coal and gas outburst is possibly caused by a fractured blank zone in the prior art and the gas production is influenced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the one-way decreasing pressure control discharge and mining method for the ground extraction of the coal bed gas in the tectonic coal mine area comprises the following steps:
firstly, draining water, discharging liquid in a shaft to enable the pressure of the shaft to reach desorption pressure;
secondly, suppressing pressure, reducing the descending speed of the liquid level, and expanding the desorption range in the influence range of the drainage stage;
thirdly, controlling pressure, namely controlling the bottom hole pressure in the deflation process to avoid reservoir damage caused by pressure excitation;
fourthly, stabilizing yield, controlling bottom hole pressure and prolonging the time of the stable yield period;
and fifthly, attenuating and actively decreasing the gas production rate to prolong the gas production time and avoid the rapid decrease of the gas production rate caused by too fast attenuation.
Further, in the first step, the drainage stage is divided into:
in the drainage exploration stage, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled to be below 5m/d, the fluctuation of bottom hole flowing pressure is controlled to be below 0.05MPa/d, and parameter changes are recorded every two hours, wherein the stage needs 30 days;
in the drainage stabilization stage, the liquid level reduction speed is controlled to be 3-4m/d, the bottom hole flowing pressure fluctuation is controlled to be 0.03-0.04MPa/d, the parameter change is recorded every two hours, and the stage needs 60 days;
in the water draining stage near desorption pressure, the liquid level lowering speed is controlled below 2m/d, the bottom hole flow pressure fluctuation is controlled below 0.02MPa/d, and the parameter change is recorded every two hours, wherein the period is 10 days.
Further, in the fifth step, during the decay phase, the active decreasing gas production rate is: when the gas production at the end of a month is reduced by more than 100m compared with the gas production at the beginning of the month 3 When the second month is over the first month, the gas production is actively adjusted to decrease by 50m at the beginning of the next month 3 /d。
Furthermore, the drainage stage close to the desorption pressure is used for delaying the desorption time of the coal bed and expanding the desorption radius;
after the coal bed gas is desorbed, casing pressure appears on the casing, the casing valve is kept closed, and the liquid column change and the bottom hole flow pressure are observed to obtain the real desorption pressure.
Furthermore, in the drainage stage close to the desorption pressure, when the water yield is greater than 150% of the water yield at the critical desorption pressure or less than 50% of the water yield at the critical desorption pressure in order to meet the liquid level requirement, a drainage and production system is newly established for analysis reasons.
Furthermore, in the first step, the water quality becomes black and coal dust is generated in the process of the drainage stage, so that the drainage and mining strength is reduced.
Further, in the second step, the pressure holding stage is divided into:
in the pressure holding-up stage, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled below 2m/d, the pressure reduction is controlled below 0.02MPa/d, and the water production and the sleeve pressure change conditions are recorded;
and in a small pressure relief stage, after the casing pressure reaches 1.5MPa, increasing the influence range of the drainage stage by adopting a small pressure relief measure for multiple times, controlling the casing pressure fluctuation not to exceed 5 percent, and recording the water production and casing pressure change conditions.
Furthermore, in the third step, the fluctuation of the produced gas is controlled to be 100m in the pressure control stage 3 And d, controlling the bottom hole pressure fluctuation to be below 0.02MPa/d so as to control the liquid level reduction speed and observe the gas production rate.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the fluctuation of the produced gas is controlled to be 50m in the stable production stage 3 The flow pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the well is controlled below 0.01 MPa/d.
Further, in the first step, in the process of the drainage stage, the water quality turns black and coal dust is generated, and the drainage and mining strength is immediately reduced to: the speed of liquid level reduction is less than 2m/d, and the bottom hole flowing pressure fluctuation is less than 0.02MPa/d.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1) The one-way decreasing pressure-controlling drainage and mining technology realizes the staged high yield of the soft low-permeability under-pressure coal reservoir, is a great innovation of the drainage and mining technology of the coal bed gas well of the soft low-permeability under-pressure coal reservoir, is in the international advanced level, and has very important guiding and practical significance for the successful drainage of the coal bed gas of similar reservoir types.
2) The risk of coal and gas outburst is well reduced, the safety of drainage and mining is increased, and the drainage and mining can meet national regulations.
3) And a general drainage and extraction system is provided in the drainage stage, so that the operation is convenient for operators to implement.
4) Through the drainage exploration stage, the performance of the coal bed is preliminarily known, and subsequent drainage and mining are facilitated.
5) Obtaining the real desorption pressure is beneficial to the formulation of the subsequent drainage and production system.
6) And a drainage and mining system is formulated according to the actual drainage and mining conditions, so that the method is more suitable for the actual conditions of the coal bed.
7) In the drainage process, the color of water becomes black, coal dust appears, the pump is easily blocked due to excessive coal dust, discharge stopping accidents occur, the reservoir is damaged, the gas production effect is influenced, and the water quality and the coal dust can be monitored to reduce the occurrence of the situation to a greater extent.
8) And a general discharging and extracting system is provided in the pressure building stage, so that the method is convenient for operators to implement.
9) And a general discharging and extracting system is provided in the pressure control stage, so that the operation is convenient for operators to implement.
10 A general drainage and mining system is provided at the stable production stage, so that the operation is convenient for operators to implement.
11 Too much coal powder can easily cause pump blockage, discharge stopping accidents, damage to a reservoir and influence on gas production effect, and the occurrence of the condition can be greatly reduced by monitoring water quality and coal powder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived from the embodiments of the present invention by a person skilled in the art, are within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The drainage and production comprises five stages of drainage, pressure holding, pressure control, stable production, attenuation and the like, four control nodes such as a formation water outlet point, a desorption point, an air release point, a stable production point and the like are closely concerned, a five-section four-point drainage and production control technology is formed, the water yield and the liquid level reduction speed of each stage are controlled, meanwhile, in the initial stage of drainage and pressure reduction and gas production, a one-way decreasing drainage and production working system is adopted, the bottom hole flowing pressure is strictly controlled, and the remote water drainage is ensured as much as possible. The working system and the control points of each row mining stage are as follows: the drainage and production comprises five stages of drainage, pressure building, pressure control, stable production, attenuation and the like, wherein in the first step, liquid in a shaft is drained in the drainage stage, so that the pressure of the shaft reaches desorption pressure. The first step, drainage stage, when producing the coal dust, immediately reducing drainage and mining intensity to: the speed of liquid level reduction is less than 2m/d, and the bottom hole flowing pressure fluctuation is less than 0.02MPa/d.
The drainage stage comprises a drainage groping stage, a drainage stabilization stage and a drainage stage close to desorption pressure, wherein in the drainage groping stage, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled to be below 5m/d, the bottom hole flow pressure fluctuation is controlled to be below 0.05MPa/d, and the parameter change is recorded every two hours, and the stage needs 30 days. And continuously monitoring the liquid level descending speed and the stratum flowing pressure descending speed in the drainage exploration stage, and knowing the liquid supply capacity of the coal bed by gradually adjusting the drainage and mining strength, wherein the knowledge of the liquid supply capacity can judge the water content and the permeability of the reservoir on one hand, and on the other hand provides a basis for selecting drainage and mining equipment.
And in the drainage stabilization stage, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled to be 3-4m/d, the bottom hole flow pressure fluctuation is controlled to be 0.03-0.04MPa/d, and the parameter change is recorded every two hours, wherein the period needs 60 days. Near the water discharge stage of desorption pressure, the liquid level reduction speed is controlled below 2m/d, the bottom hole flow pressure fluctuation is controlled below 0.02MPa/d, and the parameter change is recorded every two hours, wherein the period needs 10 days.
And a drainage stage close to the desorption pressure is used for delaying the desorption time of the coal seam, expanding the desorption radius, and when the water yield is more than 150% of the water yield of the critical desorption pressure or less than 50% of the water yield of the critical desorption pressure in order to meet the liquid level requirement, a drainage and mining system is newly established for analysis reasons. After the coal bed gas is desorbed, casing pressure appears on the casing, a casing valve is kept closed, liquid column change and bottom hole flowing pressure are observed, the bottom hole flowing pressure is the pressure displayed by an underground pressure gauge, and the true desorption pressure of the coal bed is obtained according to the pressure and the position deep in the coal bed.
Step two, in the pressure building stage, the descending speed of the liquid level is reduced, and the desorption range within the influence range of the drainage stage is expanded; the pressure building phase comprises a continuous pressure building phase and a small-amplitude pressure building phase. And in the continuous pressure building stage, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled below 2m/d, the pressure reduction is controlled below 0.02MPa/d, and the water production and the change of the casing pressure are recorded. And (3) a small-amplitude pressure release stage: after the casing pressure reaches 1.5MPa, the influence range of the drainage stage is increased by adopting a small-amplitude multiple pressure release measure, the casing pressure fluctuation is controlled not to exceed 5%, and the water production and casing pressure change conditions are recorded.
The third step, pressure control stage, controlling the bottom hole pressure in the air release process to avoid pressureReservoir damage caused by agitation. The fluctuation of the produced gas is controlled to be 100m in the pressure control stage 3 And d, controlling the bottom hole pressure fluctuation to be below 0.02MPa/d so as to control the liquid level reduction speed and observe the gas production rate.
Fourthly, controlling the bottom hole pressure in a stable production stage, and prolonging the time of the stable production period; controlling the fluctuation of the produced gas to be 50m in the stable production stage 3 The flow pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the well is controlled below 0.01 MPa/d.
And fifthly, in an attenuation stage, actively decreasing the gas production rate to prolong the gas production time, so as to avoid the rapid decrease of the gas production rate caused by too fast attenuation, wherein specifically, the actively decreasing the gas production rate is as follows: when the gas production rate at the end of a month is reduced by more than 100m compared with the gas production rate at the beginning of the month 3 When the current time is/d, the gas production rate is actively adjusted at the beginning of the next month and decreased by 50m compared with the gas production rate at the end of the last month 3 /d。
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the one-way decreasing pressure control discharge and mining method for extracting the coal bed gas from the ground in the coal mine area has the following technical effects:
1) The one-way decreasing pressure-controlling drainage and mining technology realizes the staged high yield of the soft low-permeability under-pressure coal reservoir, is a great innovation of the drainage and mining technology of the coal bed gas well of the soft low-permeability under-pressure coal reservoir, is in the international advanced level, and has very important guiding and practical significance for the successful drainage of the coal bed gas of similar reservoir types.
2) The risk of coal and gas outburst is well reduced, the safety of drainage and mining is increased, and the drainage and mining can meet national regulations.
3) And a general drainage and extraction system is provided in the drainage stage, so that the operation is convenient for operators to implement.
4) Through the drainage exploration stage, the performance of the coal bed is preliminarily known, and subsequent drainage and mining are facilitated.
5) The real desorption pressure is obtained, which is beneficial to the formulation of the subsequent drainage and production system.
6) And a drainage and mining system is formulated according to the actual drainage and mining conditions, so that the method is more suitable for the actual conditions of the coal bed.
7) In the drainage process, the color of water becomes black, coal dust appears, the pump is easily blocked due to excessive coal dust, discharge stopping accidents occur, the reservoir is damaged, the gas production effect is influenced, and the water quality and the coal dust can be monitored to reduce the occurrence of the situation to a greater extent.
8) And a universal drainage and mining system is provided in the pressure building stage, so that the method is convenient for operators to implement.
9) And a general discharging and extracting system is provided in the pressure control stage, so that the operation is convenient for operators to implement.
10 A universal discharging and extracting system is provided at the stable yield stage, so that the operation is convenient.
11 Excessive coal dust easily causes pump blockage, discharge stopping accidents, damages to reservoir stratum and influences gas production effect, and the occurrence of the situation can be greatly reduced by monitoring water quality and coal dust.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The one-way decreasing pressure control discharge and mining method for the ground extraction of the coal bed gas in the tectonic coal mine area is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, draining water, discharging liquid in a shaft to enable the pressure of the shaft to reach desorption pressure;
secondly, suppressing pressure, reducing the descending speed of the liquid level, and expanding the desorption range within the influence range of the drainage stage;
thirdly, controlling pressure, namely controlling the bottom hole pressure in the deflation process to avoid reservoir damage caused by pressure excitation;
fourthly, stabilizing the yield, controlling the bottom hole pressure and prolonging the time of the stable production period;
fifthly, attenuating, namely actively decreasing the gas production rate to prolong the gas production time and avoid the rapid decrease of the gas production rate caused by too fast attenuation;
the first step, the drainage stage is divided into:
in the drainage and exploration stage, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled below 5m/d, the bottom hole flowing pressure fluctuation is controlled below 0.05MPa/d, and parameter changes are recorded every two hours, wherein the stage needs 30 days;
in the stable drainage stage, the liquid level lowering speed is controlled to be 3-4m/d, the bottom hole flowing pressure fluctuation is controlled to be 0.03-0.04MPa/d,
recording parameter changes every two hours, wherein the period is 60 days;
in the drainage stage close to desorption pressure, the speed of liquid level reduction is controlled below 2m/d, the fluctuation of bottom hole flowing pressure is controlled below 0.02MPa/d, and the parameter change is recorded every two hours, wherein the period is 10 days; the fifth step, the decay phase, the active decrement gas production rate is: when the gas production rate at the end of a month is higher than the gas production rate at the beginning of the month
Decrease by more than 100m 3 When the second month is over the first month, the gas production is actively adjusted to decrease by 50m at the beginning of the next month 3 /d;
The method comprises the following steps: the drainage stage close to the desorption pressure is used for delaying the desorption time of the coal bed and expanding the desorption radius;
after the coal bed gas is desorbed, casing pressure appears in the casing, the casing valve is kept closed, and the liquid column change and the bottom hole flowing pressure are observed to obtain the real desorption pressure.
2. The constructed coal mine area coal bed gas surface extraction unidirectional decreasing pressure control extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the water discharge stage close to the desorption pressure, when the water yield is more than 150% of the water yield of the critical desorption pressure or less than 50% of the water yield of the critical desorption pressure in order to meet the liquid level requirement, a discharge and production system is newly established according to analysis reasons.
3. The one-way decreasing pressure-controlling discharge and mining method for mining the coal bed gas on the ground in the tectonic coal mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the drainage and mining strength is reduced when the water quality becomes black and coal dust is generated in the drainage stage process.
4. The one-way decreasing pressure-controlling discharge and mining method for mining the coal bed gas on the ground in the tectonic coal mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the pressure building stage comprises the following steps:
in the continuous pressure-building stage, the liquid level reduction speed is controlled below 2m/d, the pressure reduction is controlled below 0.02MPa/d, and the yield is recorded
Water and casing pressure change conditions;
and in a small pressure relief stage, after the casing pressure reaches 1.5MPa, increasing the influence range of the drainage stage by adopting a small pressure relief measure for multiple times, controlling the casing pressure fluctuation not to exceed 5 percent, and recording the water production and casing pressure change conditions.
5. The one-way decreasing pressure-controlling discharge and mining method for mining the coal bed gas on the ground in the tectonic coal mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third step is to control the gas production fluctuation to be 100m in the pressure control stage 3 And d, controlling the bottom hole pressure fluctuation to be below 0.02MPa/d so as to control the liquid level reduction speed and observe the gas production rate.
6. The constructed coal mine area coal bed gas surface extraction unidirectional decreasing pressure control extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: fourthly, controlling the fluctuation of the produced gas to be 50m in the stable production stage 3 The flow pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the well is controlled below 0.01 MPa/d.
7. The constructed coal mine area coal bed gas ground extraction unidirectional decreasing pressure control extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first step, water quality is blackened and coal dust is generated in the process of the drainage stage, and the drainage and mining strength is immediately reduced to the following degree: the speed of liquid level reduction is less than 2m/d, and the bottom hole flowing pressure fluctuation is less than 0.02MPa/d.
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CN101122217A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Down-hole pump drainage laneway exploitation system for mixing gas dispelling coal gas, and the method |
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CN105332676A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-02-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Discharge and mining control method and device of exposing combination development coal-bed gas well upper production layer |
CN105569613A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Medium-high-rank coal bed gas drainage and mining method |
CN106401535A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for determining drainage and mining intensity of coal-bed gas well |
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2020
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Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101122217A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Down-hole pump drainage laneway exploitation system for mixing gas dispelling coal gas, and the method |
CN102562026A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-07-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and instrument for testing gas and water production profiles of coal-bed gas well |
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