CN112473708B - Catalyst for producing biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Catalyst for producing biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112473708B CN112473708B CN202011361038.3A CN202011361038A CN112473708B CN 112473708 B CN112473708 B CN 112473708B CN 202011361038 A CN202011361038 A CN 202011361038A CN 112473708 B CN112473708 B CN 112473708B
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- B01J37/086—Decomposition of an organometallic compound, a metal complex or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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Abstract
The invention discloses a catalyst for producing biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of biological aviation fuel. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: adding nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid into an organic solvent, stirring to obtain clear and transparent liquid, adding the liquid into a hydrothermal synthesis kettle, performing temperature control reaction at 120-180 ℃ for 10-15 h, filtering after the reaction is finished, and drying a filter cake to obtain Ni-MOF; and (3) putting the Ni-MOF into a tube furnace, and carbonizing for 1.5-2.5 h at 350-400 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst. The invention prepares Ni with high nickel content by taking Ni-MOF as a precursor 3 C@C catalyst, active ingredient Ni 3 C exhibits noble-like catalytic activity. The catalyst is applied to catalyzing woody grease hydrogenation to produce aviation fuel oil, and oil is reducedThe reaction temperature and time of the hydrodeoxygenation of the fat obviously reduce the reaction energy consumption and the reaction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of biological aviation fuel oil, and particularly relates to a catalyst for producing biological aviation fuel oil by catalyzing grease hydrogenation, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Energy is the basis for human survival and development, but with the rapid development of economy, fossil energy consumption continues to increase, and humans are facing increasingly serious problems of energy shortage and environmental destruction, and global warming has become a hotspot of international concern. Based on the background, the development of clean energy has important significance for guaranteeing energy safety, promoting environmental protection, reducing greenhouse gas emission and realizing sustainable development of national economy.
At present, the annual demand of aviation fuel in China is about 2500 ten thousand tons, and along with the continuous high-speed development of aviation industry, the annual demand is estimated to increase to 5000 ten thousand tons per year by 2025. Along with the increasing demand of aviation fuel, the catalytic thermochemical conversion of renewable grease resources to produce biological aviation fuel becomes a feasible scheme. In recent years, many documents report that vegetable oil such as soybean oil and palm oil is subjected to hydrodeoxygenation to prepare biological aviation fuel, and the product is mainly a diesel component with carbon chain length of C16-C18, can not meet the requirement of the aviation fuel on molecular weight distribution of C8-C15, or the selectivity of the aviation fuel with carbon chain length of C8-C15 is too low, and the main reason is that the fatty acid content of 16-18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid composition of the vegetable oil is higher than 80 percent, and the C15-C18 alkane is mainly generated after catalytic deoxidation. At present, biological aviation fuel oil is prepared by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of grease, and precious metal catalysts such as Pt and the like are mainly used, so that the price is high and the cost is high; the transition metal catalyst loaded by the molecular sieve is easy to be deactivated when meeting water, and has poor stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of a catalyst for producing biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation, which takes Ni-MOF as a precursor and prepares Ni with high nickel content and high activity by controlling carbonization temperature and time 3 C@C catalyst. The invention aims to provide a catalyst for producing biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation, which has higher nickel content and active component Ni 3 C exhibits noble-like catalytic activity. The invention aims to provide an application of the catalyst in catalyzing grease hydrogenation to produce biological aviation fuel, the method takes litsea cubeba kernel oil rich in medium carbon chain fatty acid glyceride, camphor tree seed kernel oil and other non-edible woody grease as raw materials, and the selectivity of C8-C15 aviation fuel components is more than 65% through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the catalyst for producing the biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid into an organic solvent, stirring uniformly to obtain clear and transparent liquid, adding the clear and transparent liquid into a hydrothermal synthesis kettle, performing temperature control reaction for 10-15 h at 140-160 ℃, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering the reaction liquid, placing a filter cake into an oven for drying, and crushing and sieving with a 80-mesh screen to obtain crystal Ni-MOF;
(2) The crystal Ni-MOF is put into a tube furnace, carbonized for 1.5 to 2.5 hours under the condition of 350 to 400 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is controlled to be 180 to 220mL/min, thus obtaining Ni 3 C@C catalyst.
The preparation method of the catalyst for producing the biological aviation fuel by catalyzing the grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps of (1) mixing nickel nitrate hexahydrate with 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of 1:0.9-1:1.1; the molar ratio of the 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid to the organic solvent is 1:70-1:80.
The preparation method of the catalyst for producing the biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps of (1) mixing nickel nitrate hexahydrate with 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1; the molar ratio of the 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid to the organic solvent is 1:78; the organic solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide.
The catalyst for producing the biological aviation fuel by catalyzing grease hydrogenation obtained by the preparation method.
The catalyst is applied to the production of biological aviation fuel oil by catalyzing grease hydrogenation.
Application of the catalyst in catalyzing grease hydrogenation to produce biological aviation fuel oil, wherein grease hydrogenation reaction is catalyzed in a reaction kettle, and the catalyst is Ni 3 C@C, the reaction temperature is 310-320 ℃, the reaction time is 2-3 h, and the initial hydrogen pressure is 3MPa.
Application of catalyst in catalyzing grease hydrogenation to produce biological aviation fuel oil, and Ni 3 The dosage of the C@C catalyst is 10-15% of the weight of the grease.
The catalyst is applied to catalyzing grease hydrogenation to produce biological aviation fuel oil, wherein the grease is woody grease.
The catalyst is applied to the catalytic hydrogenation of grease to produce biological aviation fuel, wherein the grease is woody grease with the saturated fatty acid content of 8-14 carbon atoms of more than 60% in the fatty acid composition.
The catalyst is applied to catalyzing grease hydrogenation to produce biological aviation fuel, wherein the grease is any one of litsea cubeba kernel oil, camphor tree seed kernel oil, palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention prepares Ni with high nickel content and high activity by taking Ni-MOF as a precursor and controlling carbonization temperature and time 3 C@C catalyst, active ingredient Ni 3 C shows the catalytic activity of noble metal, the hydrogenation conversion rate is more than 92%, the temperature and time of the grease hydrodeoxygenation reaction are greatly reduced, and the reaction energy consumption and cost are obviously reduced.
(2) According to the invention, the non-edible woody oil rich in medium carbon chain fatty acid glyceride, such as litsea cubeba kernel oil and camphor tree kernel oil, is selected as a raw material, and is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation reaction to obtain the aviation fuel with the selectivity of C8-C15 aviation fuel components of more than 65%, which is far higher than the relative content of aviation fuel in the hydrogenation preparation product by using edible oil such as soybean oil and the like as the raw material, so that the food competition with people is avoided, and the raw material assurance is provided for the industrialized development of biological aviation fuel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a precursor Ni-MOF and catalyst Ni of example 1 3 C@C XRD pattern.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof.
The calculation formulas of the conversion rate of hydrogen and the relative content of the biological aviation fuel in the following examples are as follows:
hydroconversion = relative content of hydrocarbons in the product/relative total content of compounds in the product;
bio-aviation fuel component selectivity% = relative content in product (C8-C15) per relative total content of hydrocarbons in product.
Example 1
Ni 3 A process for preparing a C@C catalyst comprising the steps of:
(1) 0.01mol of Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O is dissolved in 0.78mol of N, N-dimethylformamide, 0.01mol of 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid is added, the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain clear and transparent liquid, the liquid is transferred into a hydrothermal synthesis kettle, the hydrothermal synthesis kettle is placed in a high-temperature oven in a sealing way, the reaction is carried out for 12 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃, the reaction is cooled to room temperature after the reaction is finished, the reaction is filtered in vacuum, the reaction product is washed for 3 times by absolute ethyl alcohol, filter cakes are collected, the filter cakes are dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ in the oven, and the filter cakes are crushed and pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain light green crystals which are Ni-MOF;
(2) Placing the prepared Ni-MOF into a stainless steel tube of a tube furnace, and calcining at 400 ℃ for 2 hours under the nitrogen atmosphere of 200ml/min to obtain black powder which is Ni 3 C@C catalyst.
For the precursor Ni-MOF and Ni prepared in the steps (1) and (2) 3 C@C catalyst was analyzed by XRD testing and the results are shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, XRD spectrum data of the precursor Ni-MOF show that the catalyst preparation method successfully synthesizes Ni-MOF with high purity and crystallinity. Ni (Ni) 3 In the XRD spectrum of C@C catalyst, ni was present at 2θ=39.5 °, 42.5 °, 44.9 °, 58.9 °, 71.5 ° 3 C characteristic diffraction peak, the relatively pure active phase Ni of the catalyst prepared by the catalyst preparation method of the invention 3 C。
Preparing Ni in the step (2) 3 The C@C catalyst was subjected to ICP elemental analysis, which showed that the nickel content of the catalyst was 48.6%.
Example 2
Ni 3 A process for preparing a C@C catalyst comprising the steps of:
(1) 0.01mol of Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O is dissolved in 0.80mol of N, N-dimethylformamide, 0.01mol of 1,3, 5-trimesic acid is added, and is stirred uniformly to obtain clear and transparent liquid, the liquid is transferred into a hydrothermal synthesis kettle, the liquid is placed in a high-temperature oven in a sealing way, the reaction is carried out for 12 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃, the reaction is cooled to room temperature after the completion, the reaction is filtered in vacuum and washed for 3 times by absolute ethyl alcohol, filter cakes are collected, the filter cakes are dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ in the oven, and the filter cakes are crushed and pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain light green crystals which are Ni-MOF;
(2) Placing the prepared Ni-MOF into a stainless steel tube of a tube furnace, and calcining at 350 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere of 200ml/min to obtain black powder which is Ni 3 C@C catalyst.
Example 3
Ni 3 A process for preparing a C@C catalyst comprising the steps of:
(1) 0.01mol of Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O is dissolved in 0.75mol of N, N-dimethylformamide, 0.009mol of 1,3, 5-trimesic acid is added, the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain clear and transparent liquid, the liquid is transferred into a hydrothermal synthesis kettle, the mixture is placed in a high-temperature oven in a sealing manner, the temperature is controlled to react for 12 hours at 150 ℃, the mixture is cooled to room temperature after the reaction is finished, the mixture is filtered in vacuum and washed for 3 times by absolute ethyl alcohol, filter cakes are collected, the mixture is dried in the oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and the mixture is crushed and passes through a 80-mesh screen to obtain light green crystals which are Ni-MOF;
(2) Placing the prepared Ni-MOF into a stainless steel tube of a tube furnace, and calcining at 380 ℃ for 2 hours under the nitrogen atmosphere of 200ml/min to obtain black powder which is Ni 3 C@C catalyst.
Example 4
The method for preparing aviation fuel by catalyzing woody grease hydrogenation specifically comprises the following steps:
ni prepared in example 1 3 C@C catalyst 0.3g and Litsea cubeba kernel oil 2g are added into a 50ml magnetic high-pressure reaction kettle, 20g of cyclohexane solvent is added, 3MPa of hydrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 320 ℃ for reaction for 3 hours, after the reaction is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and liquid products are collected. And analyzing the components and the content of the liquid product by adopting gas chromatography, and calculating the hydroconversion rate and the selectivity of the components of the biological aviation fuel.
Example 5
The method for preparing aviation fuel by catalyzing woody grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps:
ni prepared in example 1 3 C@C catalyst 0.30g and coconut oil 2g are respectively added into a 50ml magnetic high-pressure reaction kettle, 20g of cyclohexane solvent is added, hydrogen gas is introduced into the reaction kettle for 3MPa, the temperature is raised to 320 ℃ for reaction for 3 hours, after the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, and liquid products are collected. By using gasAnd analyzing the components and the content of the liquid product by using a phase chromatograph, and calculating the hydroconversion rate and the selectivity of the components of the biological aviation fuel.
Example 6
The method for preparing aviation fuel by catalyzing woody grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps:
ni prepared in example 2 3 C@C catalyst 0.2g and palm kernel oil 2g are respectively added into a 50ml magnetic high-pressure reaction kettle, 20g of cyclohexane solvent is added, 3MPa of hydrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 310 ℃ for reaction for 3 hours, after the reaction is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and liquid products are collected. And analyzing the components and the content of the liquid product by adopting gas chromatography, and calculating the hydroconversion rate and the selectivity of the components of the biological aviation fuel.
Example 7
The method for preparing aviation fuel by catalyzing woody grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps:
ni prepared in example 2 3 C@C catalyst 0.20g and Litsea cubeba kernel oil 2g are respectively added into a 50ml magnetic high-pressure reaction kettle, 20g of cyclohexane solvent is added, 3MPa of hydrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 310 ℃ for reaction for 3 hours, after the reaction is finished, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and liquid products are collected. And analyzing the components and the content of the liquid product by adopting gas chromatography, and calculating the hydroconversion rate and the selectivity of the components of the biological aviation fuel.
Example 8
The method for preparing aviation fuel by catalyzing woody grease hydrogenation comprises the following steps:
ni prepared in example 3 3 C@C catalyst 0.30g and camphor tree seed oil 2g are respectively added into a 50ml magnetic high-pressure reaction kettle, 20g cyclohexane solvent is added, 3MPa hydrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 320 ℃ for reaction for 3 hours, after the reaction is finished, the temperature is cooled to room temperature, and liquid products are collected. And analyzing the components and the content of the liquid product by adopting gas chromatography, and calculating the hydroconversion rate and the selectivity of the components of the biological aviation fuel.
The results of the catalytic reactions in examples 4 to 8 are shown in Table 1, and it is clear from Table 1 that the selectivity of the C8-C15 bio-aviation fuel components is more than 65%.
Table 1 results of catalytic reactions in examples 4 to 8
| Catalyst Performance | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 |
| Hydrodeoxygenation conversion | 99.6％ | 98.4％ | 93.5％ | 92.3％ | 95.2％ |
| Relative content of aviation fuel components | 74.1％ | 71.7％ | 65.7％ | 68.4％ | 68.0％ |
Claims (7)
1. The application of the catalyst in the production of biological aviation fuel oil by catalyzing grease hydrogenation is characterized in that the catalyst is Ni in a reaction kettle for catalyzing grease hydrogenation reaction 3 C@C, the reaction temperature is 310-320 ℃, the reaction time is 2-3 h, and the initial hydrogen pressure is equal toThe force is 3MPa; the preparation of the catalyst comprises the following steps: (1) Adding nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid into an organic solvent, uniformly stirring to obtain clear and transparent liquid, adding the clear and transparent liquid into a hydrothermal synthesis kettle, performing temperature control reaction for 10-15 h at 140-160 ℃, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering the reaction liquid, placing a filter cake into an oven, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain crystal Ni-MOF; (2) Placing the crystal Ni-MOF into a tube furnace, carbonizing for 1.5-2.5 h at 350-400 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, and controlling the nitrogen flow to be 180-220 mL/min to obtain Ni 3 C@C catalyst.
2. The application of the catalyst in the production of biological aviation fuel oil by catalyzing grease hydrogenation according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel nitrate hexahydrate to the 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid is 1:0.9-1:1.1; the molar ratio of the 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid to the organic solvent is 1:70-1:80.
3. The use of a catalyst according to claim 1 for the catalytic hydrogenation of fats and oils to produce bio-aviation fuel, characterized in that the molar ratio of nickel nitrate hexahydrate to 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid is 1:1; the molar ratio of the 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxylic acid to the organic solvent is 1:78, and the organic solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide.
4. The use of a catalyst according to claim 1 for the catalytic hydrogenation of fats and oils to produce bio-aviation fuel, characterized in that said Ni 3 The dosage of the C@C catalyst is 10% -15% of the weight of the grease.
5. The use of a catalyst according to claim 1 for the catalytic hydrogenation of fats & oils to produce bio-aviation fuel, wherein the fats & oils are woody fats & oils.
6. The application of the catalyst in the production of biological aviation fuel oil by catalyzing the hydrogenation of grease according to claim 1, wherein the grease is woody grease with the saturated fatty acid content of 8-14 carbon atoms in the fatty acid composition of more than 60%.
7. The use of a catalyst according to claim 1 for the catalytic hydrogenation of fats and oils to produce bio-aviation fuel, wherein the fats and oils are any one of litsea cubeba kernel oil, camphor tree kernel oil, palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
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