CN112472045A - Non-contact thermometer - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact thermometer, which is characterized by comprising system hardware and a main program which are electrically connected, wherein the system hardware comprises: the system hardware comprises a main control single chip microcomputer module of a microcontroller SPCE061A with a Sungyang 16-bit structure, an external A/D module, a signal amplification module comprising an instrument amplifier and an operational amplifier, an infrared temperature acquisition module which selects TS118-3 as a temperature sensor, a display module which adopts a character type LCD1602 liquid crystal display and a power supply module; the main program includes: an A/D acquisition subprogram and a liquid crystal display subprogram: A/D acquisition subroutine: when a start key is pressed, external A/D conversion is started to execute, and received electric signals are converted into digital signals; after a reset key is pressed, A/D conversion is restarted; liquid crystal display subroutine: when the start key is pressed, 1602, the liquid crystal is cleared and the obtained result is ready to be displayed; after the reset key is pressed, the result of the previous display reservation is cleared and the screen is cleared to prepare for the next display. The human body temperature can be rapidly measured, and the safety and the high efficiency are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-contact thermometer.
Background
The body temperature of a human body can not be detected without a thermometer, and particularly in the epidemic prevention and control period, the body temperature detection is the first gateway of epidemic prevention and control. Through body temperature detection, clinically observing the body temperature change of a patient has important significance for diagnosing diseases or judging the prognosis of certain diseases.
The clinical thermometers on the market are various in types, and are mainly divided into contact type thermometers and non-contact type thermometers facing different audiences. The contact type nipple type thermometer is a novel thermometer designed for infants as the name implies, an induction device is wrapped by edible silica gel, the body temperature is measured by an induction probe contained in the infant, but the indication accuracy is influenced by factors such as electronic elements, battery power supply conditions and the like. The contact type thermometer is a glass thermometer commonly used in most families, and the principle of the contact type thermometer is that mercury can keep the original position along with the rise of body temperature, so that a user can observe the contact type thermometer conveniently at any time. However, the thermometer is very easy to break, once the mercury in the thermometer leaks and evaporates, the body damage such as brain and liver injury can be caused and the environment is damaged no matter the thermometer is taken by mistake or inhaled or contacted with a certain amount; and the measurement time is long, the use for the patient with acute and serious diseases, the old, the infant and the like is inconvenient, and the reading is also inconvenient. The non-contact thermometer is a forehead thermometer, and the condition that the thermometer is reflected back by irradiating infrared rays to the surface of the forehead is compared with a spectrum temperature corresponding table, so that an accurate temperature value is obtained, and the thermometer is very convenient and fast. However, the price is high, the popularization is inconvenient, and when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃ and the room temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the forehead thermometer is easily influenced by the ambient temperature, including sweating, blowing, opening an air conditioner and the like, the forehead acquisition temperature is influenced to a certain extent, and the measurement is inaccurate. The other ear thermometer type thermometer is one non-contact remote temperature measuring instrument and has the principle that different infrared spectrums may be produced in different temperature objects and the infrared detector in the ear thermometer may detect the infrared spectrum the eardrum emits to measure body temperature. Before the measurement, the auricle of the tested person is required to be slightly straightened out, the ear thermometer is completely blocked in the external auditory canal, and then the measurement is started, but the operation of the tested person is incorrect, a certain error is generated, and the accuracy is also influenced when cerumen is in the auditory canal of the tested person. Because the flow of people in large public places is large, the contact type thermometer needs manual measurement, the working efficiency is low, the contact type thermometer is very inconvenient in actual operation, and cross infection can be caused, so that the temperature measurement technology in the current market is still to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-contact thermometer, which can quickly measure the body temperature of a human body, and is safe and efficient.
The invention provides a non-contact thermometer, which comprises system hardware and a main program:
the system hardware comprises a main control single chip microcomputer module, and an external A/D module, a signal amplification module, an infrared temperature acquisition module, a display module and a power supply module which are electrically connected with the main control single chip microcomputer module:
the main control single chip microcomputer module adopts a microcontroller SPCE061A with a Lingyang 16-bit structure;
the signal amplification module comprises an instrument amplifier and an operational amplifier;
the infrared temperature acquisition module selects TS118-3 as a temperature sensor;
the display module adopts a character type LCD1602 to perform liquid crystal display;
the main program includes: an A/D acquisition subprogram and a liquid crystal display subprogram:
the A/D acquisition subroutine: when a start key is pressed, external A/D conversion is started to execute, and received electric signals are converted into digital signals; after a reset key is pressed, A/D conversion is restarted;
the liquid crystal display subprogram: when the start key is pressed, 1602, the liquid crystal is cleared and the obtained result is ready to be displayed; after the reset key is pressed, the result of the previous display reservation is cleared and the screen is cleared to prepare for the next display.
As a further improvement of the invention: the external A/D module employs a TLC549A/D converter for signal acquisition.
As a further improvement of the invention: the instrumentation amplifier is an AD620AN instrumentation amplifier; the operational amplifier selects OP07 as a two-stage operational amplifier.
As a further improvement of the invention: the power supply module selects an AMS1117 voltage stabilizer and a corresponding direct current power supply to provide 5V, +12V and-12V direct current voltage.
As a further improvement of the invention: the main program displays a startup picture at the beginning, presses a startup key to execute the program at the moment, and initializes the liquid crystal at the moment; then displaying a temperature measurement picture, displaying the initial temperature through algorithm calculation, and moving the part of the human body to be measured to a position 5cm above the infrared temperature measurement sensor to realize the measurement of the body temperature of the human body; and finally, pressing a reset key to clear the previous measurement result and ensure the accuracy of the next measurement result.
As a further improvement of the invention: in the main program, a system main function: the method comprises the steps of initializing temperature, initializing an I/O port, initializing 1602 liquid crystal, executing a display function, operating A/D acquisition and finally displaying the measurement result of the human body temperature correctly.
As a further improvement of the invention: the initialization of the I/O port is to complete the initialization of the I/O port of the SPCE061A singlechip, and the initialization of the 1602 liquid crystal comprises corresponding static display and dynamic display;
the inside of the dead loop comprises three parts of executing a display function, operating A/D conversion and system delay:
the execution display function completes correct conversion and display of the temperature signal on the basis of ensuring that the execution display function 1602 can receive and display the temperature signal, and obtains a correct algorithm result through repeated adjustment and experiments;
the operation of the A/D conversion completes the setting of the external A/D conversion TLC549, and the function of converting the electric signal obtained from the signal amplification circuit into a digital signal is realized through the cooperation of the chip selection end, the clock end and the data end, so that the realization of an infrared temperature measurement system becomes possible;
the system delays and sets a delay function, and meanwhile, the watchdog clearing operation is guaranteed to be carried out when the delay function is executed every time, and smooth operation of a program is guaranteed.
As a further improvement of the invention: the debugging system comprises debugging system hardware and debugging system software:
the debugging system hardware:
after connection is finished, firstly, whether the connection point is not connected is visually checked, and then, a universal meter is used for detecting the connection part between the chips, including power supply disconnection and a grounding end are checked to ensure correct connection; the debugging system software:
the debugging system software:
to each module, debug one by one, make up all modules at last, wholly debug, the debugging software problem contains: syntax errors and logic errors; the syntax error can be directly modified; and in the face of logic errors, single step debugging is required, whether the program runs according to the logic sequence is observed, and the next step is to write the chip, observe the program running result and debug the running result.
As a further improvement of the invention: the debugging system hardware specifically comprises the following steps:
1) completing the connection of a hardware system, and checking whether the connection is normal; 2) measuring whether the potential of each point is correct or not by using a universal meter, and determining whether the potential is unconnected or not; 3) and ensuring common ground to ensure the smooth operation of the hardware system.
The invention comprehensively uses the SPCE061A singlechip, the TS118-3 infrared temperature sensor, the AD620AN instrument amplifier, the OP07 operational amplifier, the 1602 liquid crystal display, the AMS1117-3.3 voltage stabilizer and other hardware parts, and combines the design of software programs, including data acquisition programs, A/D conversion programs, display programs and other important programs, to complete the system debugging of hardware and software, and design the non-contact thermometer. When human body moves in the effective range of the sensor, the output end of the amplifier has voltage value change and is linearly changed. The external voltage is collected, the corresponding temperature value can be displayed on the display screen, and the non-contact human body temperature measurement is realized. Compared with a mercury thermometer, the measuring device saves a large amount of measuring time and improves the working efficiency; compared with an electronic thermometer, the measurement result is more accurate and stable. For epidemic prevention check points with large human flow and inconvenient disinfection, the thermometer based on the infrared sensing principle is safer, more effective and more convenient to use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of: the invention provides a signal amplification part circuit of a non-contact thermometer.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of: the invention provides a general circuit design block diagram of a non-contact thermometer.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of: the invention provides an overall flow chart of a non-contact thermometer.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of: the invention provides a system main function operation flow chart of a non-contact thermometer.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of: the invention provides a dead cycle part flow chart of a non-contact thermometer.
Detailed Description
The non-contact thermometer provided by the invention is further explained in more detail by the following specific embodiments:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1-5, the non-contact clinical thermometer of the present embodiment includes system hardware and a main program:
the system hardware comprises a main control single chip microcomputer module, and an external A/D module, a signal amplification module, an infrared temperature acquisition module, a display module and a power supply module which are electrically connected with the main control single chip microcomputer module:
the main control single chip microcomputer module adopts a microcontroller SPCE061A with a Lingyang 16-bit structure;
the signal amplification module comprises an instrument amplifier and an operational amplifier;
the infrared temperature acquisition module selects TS118-3 as a temperature sensor;
the display module adopts a character type LCD1602 to perform liquid crystal display;
the main program includes: an A/D acquisition subprogram and a liquid crystal display subprogram:
the A/D acquisition subroutine: when a start key is pressed, external A/D conversion is started to execute, and received electric signals are converted into digital signals; after a reset key is pressed, A/D conversion is restarted;
the liquid crystal display subprogram: when the start key is pressed, 1602, the liquid crystal is cleared and the obtained result is ready to be displayed; after the reset key is pressed, the result of the previous display reservation is cleared and the screen is cleared to prepare for the next display.
The external A/D module employs a TLC549A/D converter for signal acquisition.
The instrumentation amplifier is an AD620AN instrumentation amplifier; the operational amplifier selects OP07 as a two-stage operational amplifier.
The power supply module selects a corresponding direct current power supply outside the AMS1117 voltage stabilizer to provide 5V, +12V and-12V direct current voltage.
The main program displays a startup picture at the beginning, presses a startup key to execute the program at the moment, and initializes the liquid crystal at the moment; then displaying a temperature measurement picture, displaying the initial temperature through algorithm calculation, and moving the part of the human body to be measured to a position 5cm above the infrared temperature measurement sensor to realize the measurement of the body temperature of the human body; and finally, pressing a reset key to clear the previous measurement result and ensure the accuracy of the next measurement result.
In the main program, a system main function: the method comprises the steps of initializing temperature, initializing an I/O port, initializing 1602 liquid crystal, executing a display function, operating A/D acquisition and finally displaying the measurement result of the human body temperature correctly.
The initialization of the I/O port is to complete the initialization of the I/O port of the SPCE061A singlechip, and the initialization of the 1602 liquid crystal comprises corresponding static display and dynamic display;
the inside of the dead loop comprises three parts of executing a display function, operating A/D conversion and system delay:
the execution display function completes correct conversion and display of the temperature signal on the basis of ensuring that the execution display function 1602 can receive and display the temperature signal, and obtains a correct algorithm result through repeated adjustment and experiments;
the operation A/D conversion part completes the setting of the external A/D conversion TLC549, and the function of converting the electric signal obtained from the signal amplification circuit into a digital signal is realized through the cooperation of the chip selection end, the clock end and the data end, so that the realization of an infrared temperature measurement system becomes possible;
the system delay part sets a delay function, and simultaneously ensures that the watchdog clearing operation is carried out when the delay function is executed every time, thereby ensuring the smooth operation of the program.
The debugging system comprises debugging system hardware and debugging system software:
the debugging system hardware:
after connection is finished, firstly, whether the connection point is not connected is visually checked, and then, a universal meter is used for detecting the connection part between the chips, including power supply disconnection and a grounding end are checked to ensure correct connection; the debugging system software:
the debugging system software:
to each module, debug one by one, make up all modules at last, wholly debug, the debugging software problem contains: syntax errors and logic errors; the syntax error can be directly modified; and in the face of logic errors, single step debugging is required, whether the program runs according to the logic sequence is observed, and the next step is to write the chip, observe the program running result and debug the running result.
The debugging system hardware specifically comprises the following steps:
1) completing the connection of a hardware system, and checking whether the connection is normal; 2) measuring whether the potential of each point is correct or not by using a universal meter, and determining whether the potential is unconnected or not; 3) and ensuring common ground to ensure the smooth operation of the hardware system.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1. system hardware
The method comprises the steps that an infrared sensor TS118-3 collects human body temperature electric signals, the AD620AN is used for carrying out primary amplification on the electric signals collected by an infrared temperature measuring sensor, the amplification range is 1-1000 times, then secondary amplification is carried out through OP07, the amplification factor is 10 times, the electric signals subjected to the two times of amplification are transmitted to TLC549 external A/D signal collection, A/D conversion is carried out through the A/D collection, and finally the electric signals are connected into an SPCE061A single chip microcomputer and are subjected to algorithm analysis by system software. The amplifier circuit is shown in fig. 1, in which the gain of the amplifier circuit is 5000 times. On the basis of finishing the signal amplifying circuit, the singlechip is connected to carry out A/D conversion, and the software is compiled by combining system software design, so that the temperature signal acquisition, transmission and display are realized. The overall circuit design block diagram of the system is shown in fig. 2.
2. Main program
The main program of the system mainly completes the initialization of the system, so that all modules of the system can be matched to complete the main requirements of the system. Displaying a starting-up picture at the beginning, pressing a starting key at the moment to execute a program, and initializing the liquid crystal at the moment; then displaying a temperature measurement picture, displaying the initial temperature through algorithm calculation, and moving the part of the human body to be measured to a position 5cm above the infrared temperature measurement sensor to realize the measurement of the body temperature of the human body; and finally, pressing a reset key to clear the previous measurement result and ensure the accuracy of the next measurement result.
The program flow chart is shown in fig. 3.
The main program comprises an A/D acquisition subprogram and a liquid crystal display subprogram. The A/D acquisition subprogram mainly means that when a start key is pressed, external A/D conversion starts to be executed, and received electric signals are converted into digital signals; after pressing the reset key, the A/D conversion is resumed. The liquid crystal display subroutine mainly means that after a start key is pressed, 1602 liquid crystal is cleared and an obtained result is ready to be displayed; after the reset key is pressed, the result of the previous display reservation is cleared and the screen is cleared to prepare for the next display.
System main function: the main functions of the system explain the specific design idea of the system, and the related flow chart and functional analysis are shown in fig. 4. The main function has the function of completing unified and coordinated control of the whole system on the basis of integrating the programming functions, and comprises the functions of initializing temperature, initializing an I/O port, initializing 1602 liquid crystal, executing a display function, operating A/D acquisition, finally and correctly displaying a human body temperature measurement result and the like. The initialization of the I/O port is used for completing the initialization of the I/O port of the SPCE061A single chip microcomputer. The 1602 LCD is an important part of the design, and the initialization of the 1602 LCD is completed here, including corresponding static display and dynamic display.
And static display ensures smooth operation of 1602, and meanwhile, corresponding post-processing is performed on a display result, so that an interface for displaying the result becomes more visual. Dynamic display ensures that the experimental result, namely the body temperature of the human body, can be displayed immediately, and facilitates debugging and final result determination. The inside of the dead loop comprises three parts of executing a display function, operating A/D conversion and delaying the system, as shown in figure 5.
Regarding the execution display function, the characteristics of the liquid crystal display 1602 are set up in a relevant manner, and on the basis that the characteristics of the liquid crystal display 1602 can be received and displayed, correct conversion and display of the temperature signal are completed, and a correct algorithm result is obtained through repeated adjustment and experiments. The correct measurement and display of the body temperature of the human body can be completed. The A/D conversion part is operated to complete the setting of the external A/D conversion TLC549, and the function of converting the electric signal obtained from the signal amplification circuit into a digital signal is realized through the cooperation of the chip selection end, the clock end and the data end, so that the realization of the infrared temperature measurement system becomes possible. The system delay part sets a delay function, and simultaneously ensures that the watchdog clearing operation is carried out when the delay function is executed every time, thereby ensuring the smooth operation of the program.
3. Debugging system
3.1 debugging System hardware
Designing a schematic diagram, and connecting the circuits according to the schematic diagram. After the connection is completed, whether the connection point is not connected or not is firstly visually inspected, then the universal meter is used for detecting the connection part between each chip, the power supply disconnection and the grounding end are checked, the connection is ensured to be correct, multiple modules are comprehensively applied based on the design, therefore, whether the grounding between the modules is the premise guarantee of correct operation of a hardware system or not is guaranteed, the single chip microcomputer VCC and GND are connected through an external direct-current power supply, and the requirement that the hardware system is grounded is met.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. completing hardware system connection, and checking whether the connection is normal; 2. using a universal meter to measure whether the potential of each point is correct or not, and whether the potential is not connected or not; 3. and ensuring common ground to ensure the hardware system to operate smoothly.
3.2 debugging System software
The debugging system software adopts a modularized debugging method, specifically, the debugging method is to debug each module one by one, and finally all the modules are combined to debug the whole. The problems encountered in debugging software mainly include the following two categories: syntax errors and logic errors. The syntax error can be directly modified; and in the face of logic errors, single step debugging is required, whether the program runs according to the logic sequence is observed, and the next step is to write the chip, observe the program running result and debug the running result.
The system hardware includes: (1) the main control singlechip: a microcontroller SPCE061A of 16-bit architecture, introduced by sun science; (2) external A/D module: a TLC549A/D converter is selected for signal acquisition; (3) a signal amplification section: in practical application, the instrument amplifier AD620AN can realize the signal amplification function only by connecting a proper external resistor; an operational amplifier: selecting OP07 as a two-stage operational amplifier; (4) collecting infrared temperature: selecting TS118-3 as a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature is very close to a linear relation between 25 and 40 ℃; (5) a display section: character type LCD1602 liquid crystal display; (6) a power supply section: and a corresponding direct current power supply outside the AMS1117 voltage stabilizer is selected to provide 5V, +12V and-12V direct current voltage.
Signals acquired by the infrared temperature measurement sensor are usually weak and difficult to identify, and the acquired signals need to be amplified by using a proper circuit so as to meet the requirement of signal processing. The system hardware design takes the six parts as the basis to form a signal amplifying circuit: the voltage measured by the TS118-3 infrared temperature measurement sensor for measuring the temperature of a human body is usually about 1mV, the voltage is amplified to a certain degree, and in consideration of the particularity of a TS118-3 pin, AD620AN is used as a primary operational amplifier, OP07 is used as a secondary operational amplifier, so that a signal is amplified to be enough as a reference voltage, a 5V reference voltage is selected, the identified size is obtained, and the purpose of accurately acquiring the signal is achieved.
In order to realize safe and efficient body temperature measurement in public places and reduce the risk of cross infection caused by close contact and personnel gathering, the non-contact type thermometer disclosed by the embodiment is based on an infrared temperature measurement principle, is designed by developing an SPCE061A single chip microcomputer, is used for collecting the body temperature in real time, and can be used for quickly measuring the body temperature.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should also be understood that various alterations, modifications and/or variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art after reading the technical content of the present invention, and all such equivalents fall within the protective scope defined by the claims of the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. The non-contact thermometer is characterized by comprising system hardware and a main program:
the system hardware comprises a main control single chip microcomputer module, and an external A/D module, a signal amplification module, an infrared temperature acquisition module, a display module and a power supply module which are electrically connected with the main control single chip microcomputer module:
the main control single chip microcomputer module adopts a microcontroller SPCE061A with a Lingyang 16-bit structure;
the signal amplification module comprises an instrument amplifier and an operational amplifier;
the infrared temperature acquisition module selects TS118-3 as a temperature sensor;
the display module adopts a character type LCD1602 to perform liquid crystal display;
the main program includes: an A/D acquisition subprogram and a liquid crystal display subprogram:
the A/D acquisition subroutine: when a start key is pressed, external A/D conversion is started to execute, and received electric signals are converted into digital signals; after a reset key is pressed, A/D conversion is restarted;
the liquid crystal display subprogram: when the start key is pressed, 1602, the liquid crystal is cleared and the obtained result is ready to be displayed; after the reset key is pressed, the result of the previous display reservation is cleared and the screen is cleared to prepare for the next display.
2. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: the external A/D module employs a TLC549A/D converter for signal acquisition.
3. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: the instrumentation amplifier is an AD620AN instrumentation amplifier; the operational amplifier selects OP07 as a two-stage operational amplifier.
4. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: the power supply module selects a corresponding direct current power supply outside the AMS1117 voltage stabilizer to provide 5V, +12V and-12V direct current voltage.
5. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: the main program displays a startup picture at the beginning, presses a startup key to execute the program at the moment, and initializes the liquid crystal at the moment; then displaying a temperature measurement picture, displaying the initial temperature through algorithm calculation, and moving the part of the human body to be measured to a position 5cm above the infrared temperature measurement sensor to realize the measurement of the body temperature of the human body; and finally, pressing a reset key to clear the previous measurement result and ensure the accuracy of the next measurement result.
6. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: in the main program, a system main function: the method comprises the steps of initializing temperature, initializing an I/O port, initializing 1602 liquid crystal, executing a display function, operating A/D acquisition and finally displaying the measurement result of the human body temperature correctly.
7. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: the initialization of the I/O port is to complete the initialization of the I/O port of the SPCE061A singlechip, and the initialization of the 1602 liquid crystal comprises corresponding static display and dynamic display;
the inside of the dead loop comprises three parts of executing a display function, operating A/D conversion and system delay:
the execution display function completes correct conversion and display of the temperature signal on the basis of ensuring that the execution display function 1602 can receive and display the temperature signal, and obtains a correct algorithm result through repeated adjustment and experiments;
the operation A/D conversion part completes the setting of the external A/D conversion TLC549, and the function of converting the electric signal obtained from the signal amplification circuit into a digital signal is realized through the cooperation of the chip selection end, the clock end and the data end, so that the realization of an infrared temperature measurement system becomes possible;
the system delay part sets a delay function, and simultaneously ensures that the watchdog clearing operation is carried out when the delay function is executed every time, thereby ensuring the smooth operation of the program.
8. The non-contact thermometer of claim 1 further comprising: the debugging system comprises debugging system hardware and debugging system software:
the debugging system hardware:
after connection is finished, firstly, whether the connection point is not connected is visually checked, and then, a universal meter is used for detecting the connection part between the chips, including power supply disconnection and a grounding end are checked to ensure correct connection; the debugging system software:
the debugging system software:
to each module, debug one by one, make up all modules at last, wholly debug, the debugging software problem contains: syntax errors and logic errors; the syntax error can be directly modified; and in the face of logic errors, single step debugging is required, whether the program runs according to the logic sequence is observed, and the next step is to write the chip, observe the program running result and debug the running result.
9. The non-contact thermometer of claim 8 wherein: the debugging system hardware specifically comprises the following steps:
1) completing the connection of a hardware system, and checking whether the connection is normal; 2) measuring whether the potential of each point is correct or not by using a universal meter, and determining whether the potential is unconnected or not; 3) and ensuring common ground to ensure the smooth operation of the hardware system.
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