CN112471013A - Application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of aquatic organism disease control preparation - Google Patents
Application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of aquatic organism disease control preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112471013A CN112471013A CN202011195105.9A CN202011195105A CN112471013A CN 112471013 A CN112471013 A CN 112471013A CN 202011195105 A CN202011195105 A CN 202011195105A CN 112471013 A CN112471013 A CN 112471013A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydroxycholesterol
- preparation
- prawns
- disease control
- aquaculture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/575—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of an aquaculture disease control preparation. The white spot syndrome virus is a great threat in the culture process of the prawn as an important economic culture organism, and no effective restraining means exists at present. The research of the invention proves that the 25-hydroxycholesterol can inhibit the replication of white spot syndrome virus in bodies of prawns and reduce the death of the prawns caused by the white spot syndrome virus. In addition, the application of the 25HC in the white spot syndrome virus resistance of the prawns does not bring the problem of environmental pollution and has no adverse effect on the normal life activities of the prawns, and the white spot syndrome virus infection resistance of the prawns can be improved by adding the 25HC into the feed of the prawns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of disease control of aquaculture, and particularly relates to application of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25 HC) in preparation of a biological disease control preparation for aquatic products.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The prawn is an important economic breeding variety, and the prawn breeding industry also plays an important role in aquaculture in China, but the aquaculture disease is frequent, so that the aquaculture industry suffers huge loss. The White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a prawn virus which is the most serious harm so far, and has the problems of quick outbreak, no effective drug treatment method and the like. At present, the possibility of infecting prawns with white spot syndrome virus is reduced mainly by methods of comprehensively preventing and optimizing the growth environment of the prawns. Therefore, there is an urgent need for drugs that are reliable in efficacy and do not have side effects on the aquaculture environment to reduce the risk of prawn infection.
25-hydroxycholesterol (25 HC), an oxysterol, is produced by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase enzymes and plays a key role in reducing cholesterol accumulation and in regulating lipid metabolism, regulating immune response, and inhibiting viral pathogens. According to the existing research, 25HC has broad-spectrum antiviral effect in mammals, and can inhibit various viruses including hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Ebola virus. It can antagonize viral fusion and entry by altering cell membrane lipids; inhibiting viral replication; antagonize the acylation of viral and endogenous proteins that may be involved in viral replication and assembly; changes the cholesterol profile in the intima to combat the various modes of viral assembly and packaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the inhibition effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol on the white spot syndrome virus, and the inhibition effect is applied to feeding of shellfish aquatic organisms such as prawns, the WSSV is prevented from being copied and transmitted in vivo, the survival rate of the aquatic organisms such as the prawns can be effectively improved, and the inhibition effect can be used for preventing and treating diseases of aquatic crustaceans such as the prawns in breeding production.
Based on the research results, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of 25-hydroxycholesterol in the manufacture of an aquaculture disease control formulation.
The 25HC provided by the invention can reduce the copy of white spot syndrome virus to prawns and reduce the mortality of the prawns. The thought and the method of the function of the 25HC in the immune defense reaction of the prawns are reported by the invention for the first time. The invention proves that after 25HC is fed to prawns, the prawns are infected with white spot syndrome virus through mouth, the expression quantity of envelope protein of the white spot syndrome virus in mRNA level and protein level in hemocytes, gills and small intestines of the prawns can be reduced, and the virus can be prevented from being proliferated in vivo. Based on the conclusion, the 25HC verified by the invention can be used for antiviral drug development, and provides a favorable prevention and treatment means for aquatic diseases caused by white spot syndrome virus.
In a second aspect of the invention, a prawn feed additive is provided, wherein the prawn feed additive comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol.
In a third aspect of the invention, a prawn disease control drug is provided, wherein the control drug comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol.
The beneficial effects of one or more technical schemes are as follows:
1. the invention provides cholesterol oxide 25HC with broad-spectrum antiviral property, which shows that 25HC can help prawn to resist white spot syndrome infection by analyzing the survival rate of prawn and the change of envelope protein of exogenous WSSV in multiple tissues on mRNA and protein levels, can be used for preventing and treating diseases of aquatic crustaceans such as prawn in breeding production, and provides an effective treatment means for preventing and treating white spot syndrome.
2. The 25HC proved by the invention has broad-spectrum antiviral effect and is the most common side chain cholesterol oxidation product in food. The 25HC also exists in the bodies of the prawns, and the concentration of the 25HC in the prawns can be improved by adding the 25HC into the feed of the prawns to feed the prawns, so that the normal life activities of the prawns are not adversely affected, the immunity of the prawns to WSSV infection can be improved, the WSSV in the bodies of the prawns is inhibited, and the survival rate of the prawns is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 shows the survival rate of WSSV infected prawns fed with 25HC in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of reducing the expression levels of mRNA and protein levels of WSSV envelope protein by feeding 25HC in example 2;
wherein, FIG. 2A is the expression quantity of virus envelope protein Vp28 in multiple tissues of prawns on mRNA level, FIG. 2B is the expression quantity of virus envelope protein VP 28.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the application of 25HC in the infection of white spot syndrome virus diseases in the culture of prawns, and provides ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of the white spot syndrome virus diseases in the culture of shellfish aquatic animals such as the prawns.
In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of 25-hydroxycholesterol in the manufacture of an aquaculture disease control formulation.
The 25-hydroxycholesterol claimed by the invention comprises a pure 25-hydroxycholesterol product, a solvate thereof and a substance obtained by performing conventional chemical modification on the pure 25-hydroxycholesterol product. The conventional chemical modification mode includes a mode of connecting a conventional chemical group to improve the solubility of the compound so as to form a salt, and the like.
Therefore, the 25-hydroxycholesterol preferably includes pure 25-hydroxycholesterol, solvates thereof, and chemically modified products thereof.
Preferably, the aquatic organism diseases are diseases caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV).
The research conclusion of the invention proves that 25HC can reduce the lethality caused by white spot syndrome virus and inhibit the expression of virus envelope protein VP28, and according to the conventional research thought in the field, the 25HC can be used for preventing and treating diseases caused by the white spot syndrome virus, for example, the specific disease of the virus as the pathogen of prawn diseases is the white spot syndrome.
WSSA has different virus calling methods due to different researchers and different emphasis points. Respectively as follows: "White Spot Baculovirus (WSBV)", "subcutaneous hematopoietic Necrosis baculovirus (Hypodermal and hematonic Necrosis baculovirus (HHNBVV)", "White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)", "prawn baculovirus (PRDV)", "japanese prawn nuclear virus (food-shaped viral of prawn viruses, RV _ PJ)", "chinese prawn baculovirus disease (PCBV). The above description is intended to be illustrative of the scope of the present invention and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
Preferably, the aquatic organisms are fish and crustacean aquatic organisms.
Further, the shellfish includes, but is not limited to, crabs and shrimps, and further, the shrimps include, but is not limited to, prawns, procambarus clarkii.
According to the situation known at present, the white spot syndrome virus is infected in various aquatic organisms, including two economic culture organisms of prawns and procambarus clarkii, and particularly the virus is particularly serious in harm to the culture of the prawns.
Preferably, the prevention and treatment preparation is a medicament, an environmental bactericide or a feed additive with prevention and treatment effects.
In addition, the application mode provided by the invention comprises the mode that 25-hydroxycholesterol is independently used as an active ingredient for preventing and treating related diseases, and also comprises the mode that the 25-hydroxycholesterol and other active ingredients are jointly used.
Therefore, preferably, in the aquaculture disease control preparation, the 25-hydroxycholesterol is used as an active ingredient and comprises necessary auxiliary materials.
Preferably, the aquaculture disease control preparation comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol, auxiliary materials and other active ingredients.
Further, the other active ingredients include, but are not limited to, antiviral ingredients, antibacterial ingredients, and/or immunity enhancing ingredients.
In a second aspect of the invention, a prawn feed additive is provided, wherein the prawn feed additive comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a prawn disease control drug, which comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol.
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, wherein the reagents described in the following examples are all commercially available products.
Example 1
Experimental method (1): commercial 25HC (CAS number: 2140-46-7) was dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 5mg/mL, and diluted with sterile PBS to a final concentration of 15. mu.M. Selecting Penaeus japonicus with similar size, and dividing into two groups.
Experimental groups: 25HC was fed, 50. mu.L of 25HC (15. mu.M) per prawn.
Control group: the sterilized PBS group was fed, and 50. mu.L of PBS was fed per prawn.
After 1 hour, prawn was injected with WSSV (white spot syndrome Virus) 50. mu.L (1X 10)5)。Then the death number of the prawns is counted every 12 hours, and the survival rate of the prawns is counted and analyzed. The experimental group fed with 25HC was compared with the control group fed with sterilized PBS, and the comparison results are shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from figure 1, the survival rate of the prawns in the experimental group is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the fact that the immunity of the prawns eating 25HC to WSSV is enhanced proves that the survival rate of the prawns infected by WSSV can be effectively improved by 25 HC.
Example 2
The experimental method comprises the following steps: selecting Penaeus japonicus with similar size, and dividing into two groups, each group contains 15 Penaeus japonicus.
Experimental groups: 25HC was fed, and 50. mu.L of 25HC (10. mu.M) was fed per prawn.
Control group: the sterilized PBS group was fed, and 50. mu.L of PBS was fed per prawn.
After 1 hour, the prawn orally infects white spot syndrome virus 40 μ L WSSV (1 × 10)6). After 24 hours, extracting blood cells of the prawns, and dissecting and separating gills and small intestines of the prawns. The method comprises the steps of separating and extracting total RNA of blood cells, gills and small intestines of prawns of an experimental group and a control group by using TRIzol Reagent, taking 4 mu L of the total RNA, carrying out reverse transcription on first strand cDNA, diluting by 10 times, using the first strand cDNA as a template of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and detecting the expression quantity change of virus envelope protein Vp28 in the prawns on the mRNA level. Extracting total proteins of blood cells, gills and small intestines of prawns of experimental group and control group with protein lysate (RIPA), detecting protein level of WSSV envelope protein VP28 with Western blot, and detecting results are shown in figure 2. When 25HC is fed to prawns and WSSV is infected orally, the expression level of the virus envelope protein Vp28 in various tissues of the prawns on the mRNA level can be reduced (figure 2A), and the expression level of the virus envelope protein VP28 on the protein level is also obviously reduced (figure 2B).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1.25-hydroxycholesterol in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation.
2. The use of 25-hydroxycholesterol according to claim 1 in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation, wherein the 25-hydroxycholesterol comprises pure 25-hydroxycholesterol, solvates thereof and chemically modified versions thereof.
3. Use of 25-hydroxycholesterol according to claim 1 in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation wherein the aquatic organism disease is a disease caused by white spot syndrome virus.
4. Use of 25-hydroxycholesterol according to claim 1 in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation wherein the aquatic organisms are fish and crustacean aquatic organisms.
5. Use of 25-hydroxycholesterol according to claim 4 in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation wherein the shellfish aquatic organisms include but are not limited to crabs and shrimps, preferably said shrimps include but are not limited to prawns, procambarus clarkia.
6. Use of 25-hydroxycholesterol according to claim 1 in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation, wherein the control formulation is a medicament, environmental fungicide or feed supplement having prophylactic and therapeutic effects.
7. Use of 25-hydroxycholesterol according to claim 1 in the preparation of an aquaculture disease control formulation wherein the 25-hydroxycholesterol is used as an active ingredient, including necessary adjuvants;
or the aquaculture disease control preparation comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol, auxiliary materials and other active ingredients; preferably, the other active ingredients include, but are not limited to, antiviral ingredients, antibacterial ingredients, and/or immunity enhancing ingredients.
8. A prawn feed additive is characterized in that the prawn feed additive comprises 25-hydroxycholesterol.
9. An aquaculture environment bactericide, which is characterized by comprising 25-hydroxycholesterol.
10. The prawn disease control drug is characterized by comprising 25-hydroxycholesterol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011195105.9A CN112471013A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of aquatic organism disease control preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011195105.9A CN112471013A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of aquatic organism disease control preparation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112471013A true CN112471013A (en) | 2021-03-12 |
Family
ID=74927639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011195105.9A Pending CN112471013A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of aquatic organism disease control preparation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112471013A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110540996A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-06 | 华中农业大学 | Procambarus clarkii i-type lysozyme gLysi2 gene, gLysi2 protein coded by same and application thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3565924A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1971-02-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 25-hydroxycholfcalciferol |
| EP1373889A2 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2004-01-02 | Maxygen, Inc. | Biosensors, reagents and diagnostic applications of directed evolution |
| CN105362278A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州系统医学研究所 | Preparation containing 25-hydroxycholesterol and preparation method thereof and anti-virus application |
| CN107308168A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-03 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of medicine for suppressing the intracellular duplication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus |
| CN107375911A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-24 | 中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所 | A kind of cholesterol hydroxylase CH25H and application thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-10-30 CN CN202011195105.9A patent/CN112471013A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3565924A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1971-02-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 25-hydroxycholfcalciferol |
| EP1373889A2 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2004-01-02 | Maxygen, Inc. | Biosensors, reagents and diagnostic applications of directed evolution |
| CN105362278A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州系统医学研究所 | Preparation containing 25-hydroxycholesterol and preparation method thereof and anti-virus application |
| CN107308168A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-03 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of medicine for suppressing the intracellular duplication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus |
| CN107375911A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-24 | 中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所 | A kind of cholesterol hydroxylase CH25H and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 吕丽霞等: "胆固醇-25-羟化酶基因抗病毒功能研究进展", 《中国动物传染病学报》 * |
| 秦晓峰等: "抵御新发、突发病毒性传染病的新思路—天然免疫机制的系统医学研究和针对宿主的广谱抗病毒药物的研发", 《中国科学：生命科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110540996A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-06 | 华中农业大学 | Procambarus clarkii i-type lysozyme gLysi2 gene, gLysi2 protein coded by same and application thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kumar et al. | Enhanced immune response and resistance to white tail disease in chitin-diet fed freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii | |
| Akanmu | Probiotics, an alternative measure to chemotherapy in fish production | |
| Yu et al. | Effects of moroxydine hydrochloride and ribavirin on the cellular growth and immune responses by inhibition of GCRV proliferation | |
| Xiao et al. | Effect of dietary sodium butyrate on the innate immune response of Procambarus clarkii and disease resistance against white spot syndrome virus | |
| Rodríguez-Ramos et al. | Effects of Echerichia coli lipopolysaccharides and dissolved ammonia on immune response in southern white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti | |
| Rajkumar et al. | Ontogenetic changes in the expression of immune related genes in response to immunostimulants and resistance against white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei | |
| CN112471013A (en) | Application of 25-hydroxycholesterol in preparation of aquatic organism disease control preparation | |
| Wongtavatchai et al. | Effect of AquaVacTM VibromaxTM on size and health of post larva stage of Pacific White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Black Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon | |
| JP4052534B2 (en) | Seafood products and feed | |
| CN113201505A (en) | Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage with cross-species cracking capability, bacteriophage composition and application thereof | |
| CN111676197B (en) | Vibrio harveyi phage, phage composition and application thereof | |
| JP2021183608A (en) | Compositions and methods for modulating and/or stimulating immune responses in human and/or animal | |
| Matras et al. | Potential role of different fish species as vectors of koi herpesvirus (CyHV-3) infection | |
| Subramanian et al. | Immunostimulatory effect of mangrove‐derived marine yeasts in Penaeus monodon | |
| CN112587532B (en) | Application of PARP inhibitor Rucaparib in preparation of fish rhabdovirus resistant product | |
| CN112569233B (en) | Application of PARP inhibitor PJ34 in preparation of fish rhabdovirus resistant product | |
| Dharan et al. | An investigation into the pathogenesis of blue catfish alloherpesvirus in ictalurid catfish | |
| Burge et al. | Time-course analysis of peroxinectin mRNA in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after challenge with Vibrio campbellii | |
| Chu et al. | Autophagy increases the survival rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergiiin after Aeromonas hydrophila infection | |
| Petty et al. | Viruses of pet fish | |
| EP3273775B1 (en) | Process to infect crustaceans with infectious agents | |
| Hiney et al. | Failure of flumisol bath treatments during commercial transport of Atlantic salmon smolts to prevent the activation of stress inducible furunculosis | |
| RU2567802C2 (en) | Using pacap for treating viral infections in aquatic organisms | |
| JP2001190231A (en) | Antimicrobial composition for fish breeding and method for using the same | |
| TWI721508B (en) | Use of phycoerythrin for preparing composition for improving immunity and disease resistance of crustaceans |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |