CN112469328A - 用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置、系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置、系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN112469328A
CN112469328A CN201980049295.2A CN201980049295A CN112469328A CN 112469328 A CN112469328 A CN 112469328A CN 201980049295 A CN201980049295 A CN 201980049295A CN 112469328 A CN112469328 A CN 112469328A
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lower limb
patient
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fluid accumulation
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V.兰
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Baiduoli Lianghe Co
Biotronik SE and Co KG
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置。该装置(1)包括壳体(2、15)和电极(6、16),其中,所述装置(1)配置为测量患者的下肢(14)中的阻抗。另外,公开了一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的系统和方法。

Description

用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置、系统和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置、系统和方法。
背景技术
心力衰竭是一种严重的疾病,而心力衰竭患者的失代偿是当今健康经济学中最昂贵的事件之一,因为这些患者需要重新住院。
临床实践表明,由于心功能不全,心力衰竭失代偿始于止血不佳。身体无法清除流体。在失代偿的早期状态,流体因重力而会积聚在腿部。之后,流体积聚在肺中。然后患者呼吸困难,通常导致住院。医院的治疗旨在通过药物(例如利用速尿灵,商标名为“Lasix”)清除流体。
胸腔内阻抗测量以检测肺中的流体积聚是已知的。可以通过测量植入物(例如起搏器或ICD、ICD-可植入心脏复律除颤器)的壳体与连接到植入物的电极之间的阻抗来执行这种测量。如果肺中的流体(例如水)很少,则阻抗很高。如果肺中的流体含量增加(例如由于失代偿),则阻抗下降至较低值。此类测量仅部分成功,因为(1)测量向量无法测量整个肺,因此缺少流体积聚;(2)肺中的流体积聚仅发生在失代偿的后期。
然而,当患者处于失代偿的早期状态时,也可以开始流体移除。可以在家中服用药物(比如Lasix),但由于副作用而导致剂量困难。
发明内容
基于上述,目的是提供用于检测患者中的流体积聚的改进技术。较早的检测允许在较早阶段进行失代偿治疗,从而减少患者的麻烦并降低针对医院的成本。
提供了根据权利要求1的装置、根据权利要求12的系统以及根据权利要求15的方法。进一步的实施例是从属权利要求的主题。
在一方面,提供了一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚(例如水积聚)的装置。该装置包括壳体和电极,并且该装置配置为测量患者的下肢中的阻抗。
人体的下肢包括臀部、上腿部(大腿)、膝盖、下腿部(小腿)、脚踝、脚和脚趾。该装置可以适于布置在患者的小腿上或小腿中。
下肢的规则(肌肉)组织与流体(即具有离子含量的水)的比阻抗不同。阻抗的这种差异可用于确定下肢的流体含量。阻抗测量可以使用极小的电流进行,以实现低电流消耗并低于痛苦或感觉阈值。
该装置还可以包括电池、传输模块和/或电子模块。一些或所有前述部件可以布置在壳体内。电池可以配置为向装置的所有部件特别是向电子模块和传输模块提供电能。电子模块可以连接到电极并且可以配置为确定阻抗值。例如,可以在电极与壳体(用作对电极)之间测量阻抗。电极可以布置在壳体上。电极可以与壳体电隔离。传输模块可以配置为将一个或多个测量的阻抗值传输到服务器。
壳体可包括生物相容性材料,例如钛。壳体可以由生物相容性材料制成。壳体的长度可以小于30mm。壳体的长度可以在10mm和30mm之间。
电子模块可以配置为以规则间隔(例如每30分钟或每小时)测量阻抗值。可以为每个测量的阻抗值分配时间戳。多个测量的阻抗值(以及它们各自的时间戳(如果可用的话))可以组合在数据包中,以传输到服务器。
在另一方面,公开了一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的系统。该系统包括装置和服务器。该装置包括壳体、电极和传输模块。该服务器包括处理器和存储器。该装置配置为测量患者的下肢中的阻抗。传输模块配置为将测量的阻抗值传输到服务器。服务器的处理器配置为评估测量的阻抗值以确定流体积聚。
该系统还可以包括患者装置。患者装置可以充当装置和服务器之间的中继。装置和患者装置之间的通信可以通过MICS(MICS-医疗植入物通信服务,频率在401MHz至406MHz范围内)或蓝牙(频率在2402GHz至2480范围内,例如低功耗蓝牙)进行。患者装置与服务器之间的通信可以通过移动网络(3G、4G、5G)、互联网或其他通信渠道发生。
该系统还可以包括可以与服务器通信的临床医生装置。服务器可以配置为将(从装置接收的)测量的阻抗值传输到临床医生装置。临床医生装置与服务器之间的通信可以通过移动网络(3G、4G、5G)、互联网或其他通信渠道发生。临床医生装置可以是个人计算机(PC)、膝上型计算机、平板电脑或智能手机。
在另一方面,提供了一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:在下肢上或在下肢中提供根据本公开的装置,通过该装置测量下肢中的阻抗值,以及从测量的阻抗值确定下肢中的流体积聚。
在一实施例中,该装置可以是可植入医疗装置。
该装置特别是可植入医疗装置可以包括附接到壳体的柔性元件,其中电极布置在该柔性元件处。柔性元件可以是纵向柔性元件,其中其长度大于其宽度和高度。电极可以通过柔性元件(例如通过电线)与电子模块连接。电极可以布置在柔性元件的远端。柔性元件的近端可以附接到壳体,使得柔性元件的纵向延伸和壳体的纵向延伸处于相同的定向。换句话说,柔性元件和壳体彼此布置成直线。柔性元件可以包括弹性体,例如有机硅。柔性元件可以由弹性体制成。
柔性元件的长度可以大于壳体的长度。柔性元件的长度和壳体的长度可以具有至少2:1、3:1或4:1的比率。利用(相对长的)柔性元件,可以提供用于测量阻抗的大向量。
柔性元件和壳体的远端处的电极(用作对电极)可以跨越5mm至100mm之间的向量。
该装置可以包括另一柔性元件。该另一柔性元件可以布置在与柔性元件相对的壳体处。可以将另一电极布置在另一柔性元件处,例如在另一柔性元件的远端。柔性元件的所有特征也可以应用于另一柔性元件。针对电极公开的特征也可以应用于另一电极。
在另一实施例中,该装置可以是配置为布置在下肢上的外部装置,其中壳体具有第一表面,其在装置处于用于测量阻抗的使用位置时与下肢接触。
壳体的厚度可以小于壳体的长度。壳体的厚度与壳体的长度之比可以为1:3或更小(例如1:4或1:5)。该装置特别是外部装置可以具有浅的壳体,以便于患者携带该装置。
壳体的第一侧可以适于下肢的表面。壳体的第一侧可以具有弯曲表面(邻近下肢的皮肤)。壳体的第一侧可以是凹入的,而壳体的相对的第二侧可以是凸出的。
该装置可以包括两个电极,其布置在壳体的第一侧的沿直径相对的边缘处。电极可以布置在壳体的第一侧的对角处。因此,电极之间的距离导致用于测量电极之间的阻抗的大向量。
壳体的第一表面可以具有四边形式。四个电极可以布置在第一表面的边缘处。使用四个电极改善测量的阻抗值的信噪比。同样,当使用四个电极时,可以评估皮肤和下层组织之间的过渡。
在本文公开的所有实施例中,电极可以是点状电极。电极表面较小可减少阻抗测量所需的电流。
在该系统中,处理器可以进一步配置为将测量的阻抗值与第一阈值进行比较,并且如果测量的阻抗值超过第一阈值则提供警报信号。警报信号可以从服务器发送到患者装置和/或临床医生装置。警报信号可以是可见信号(例如文本消息)或可听信号的形式。
服务器还可以配置为在存储器中存储多个测量的阻抗值,从而形成多个存储的阻抗值。处理器还可以配置为确定(最近接收到的)测量的阻抗值与最新存储的阻抗值之间的差异,将该差异与第二阈值进行比较,并且如果该差异超过第二阈值则提供警报信号。差异可以显示阻抗的减小或增加。
在一些实施例中,本公开提供了以下技术:(1)及早检测失代偿事件;(2)将信息传输给治疗医师;(3)允许更换药物从而避免失代偿;以及(4)验证成功治疗。
可以在例如10s至60s的收集周期内以规则的间隔(例如每小时2次)测量阻抗。可以通过平均收集周期内测量的阻抗值来消除噪声。可以以规则间隔将每小时的两个数据点传输到服务器(例如每天)。每小时数据可能需要识别昼夜节律以及药物更换后的阻抗值变化。每小时数据可以在服务器中平均为每日数据。每日数据的5-10个数据点可用于建立基线。可以将每日值趋势化并与基线进行比较。如果阻抗相对于基线发生变化(例如>10…25%),则将产生“心力衰竭事件”。此事件可能导致(a)告知患者对小腿进行拍照,(b)将装置信号与其他腿部中的另一装置的信号(如果可用的话)进行交叉检查,(c)告知医师,或(d)全部按特定顺序进行。
在特征阻抗变化的情况下,可以提醒治疗医师。然后,医师可以更换有助于身体去除多余流体的药物(例如Lasix)。流体的去除也可以通过该装置进行监测(降低阻抗值),从而帮助医师监测治疗过程。
可植入装置优于外部装置。可以将可植入装置植入到流体积聚的通常位置中(例如在小腿中的脚踝上方)。而且,皮肤阻抗不会降低信噪比。
如果阻抗数据显示指示先前心力衰竭事件的特征变化,则可能会要求患者使用智能手机拍摄小腿的图像。腿部图像与阻抗数据一起改善检测的特异性。
如果一条或两条腿中的测量的阻抗值偏离基线,表明心力衰竭事件,则可能会向患者发出警报(例如通过其智能手机上的应用程序)。基于医师的预定治疗方案(“较高剂量”),患者可以增加药物(例如Lasix)剂量。当阻抗返回到基线值时,可以激活另一预定治疗方案(“正常剂量”)。医师能够通过(a)测量的阻抗值、(b)以规则间隔的患者的小腿图像以及(c)通过智能手机应用程序收集的Lasix剂量数据来监测治疗方案。
关于系统公开的特征也可以应用于方法,反之亦然。
附图说明
接下来,参考附图描述示例性实施例。这里示出了:
图1示出了用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的装置的示意图;
图2示出了包括图1的装置、患者装置和服务器的系统的示意图;
图3示出了用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的可植入装置的示意图;
图4示出了用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的可植入装置的另一实施例的示意图;
图5示出了在小腿中的根据图3或图4的装置的植入的示意图;
图6示出了在小腿中的根据图3或图4的装置的另一植入的示意图;
图7示出了具有根据图3或图4的可植入装置的小腿的横截面的示意图;
图8示出了用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的可植入装置的又一实施例的示意图;
图9示出了布置在小腿处的用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的外部装置的示意图;
图10示出了根据图9的外部装置的实施例的示意图;以及
图11示出了根据图9的外部装置的另一实施例的示意图。
相同的附图标记用于相同的部件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的装置1的示意图。装置1包括壳体2。多个部件布置在壳体2内,即电池3、通信模块4和电子模块5。电极6布置在壳体2处。电极6与壳体2电隔离。
电池3向包括通信模块4和电子模块5的其他部件提供电能。通信模块4配置为与其他装置进行无线通信。
电子模块5连接到电极6。电子模块5配置为测量电极6和壳体2(用作对电极)之间的阻抗。
图2示出了包括装置1、患者装置7和服务器9的系统的示意图。患者装置7包括通信单元8。患者装置9充当装置1和服务器9之间的中继。服务器9包括服务器通信单元10、处理器11(或多个处理器)以及用于存储数据的存储器12(例如易失性和/或非易失性存储器)。
装置1例如通过蓝牙或MICS与患者装置7无线通信。将测量的阻抗值从装置1发送到患者装置7。患者装置7将测量的阻抗值传输到服务器9,例如通过移动无线电通信。由服务器9的处理器11评估测量的阻抗值,以便确定下肢中的流体(例如水)积聚。
图3示出了用于确定下肢中的流体积聚的可植入装置的示意图。该可植入装置包括壳体2,其可以包括以上参照图1描述的部件。该可植入装置还包括柔性(或弹性)元件13。电极6布置在柔性元件13的第一端。柔性元件13的第二端附接到壳体2。
图4示出了可植入装置的另一(但类似)实施例。这里,柔性元件13和壳体2具有相同的宽度。
在图5中,示出了将图3或图4的可植入装置植入小腿14中。为了清楚起见,未示出可植入装置的电极。沿小腿14的纵向轴线植入可植入装置。
图6示意性地示出了可植入装置的另一植入。这里,可植入装置沿着小腿14的外周植入。柔性元件13弯曲以适应小腿14。图7示出了小腿14的横截面,以便说明可植入装置的布置。在此,壳体2和电极6大致在小腿14的整个宽度上跨越测量向量20。
图8示出了可植入装置的另一实施例。这里,第一柔性构件13a和第二柔性构件13b从壳体2的两个相对端延伸。第一电极6a布置在第一柔性构件13a处,第二电极6b布置在第二柔性构件13b处。在两个电极6a、6b之间测量阻抗。
具有壳体15和电极16的外部装置的实施例在图9中示出(小腿的横截面)。外部装置布置在小腿14的皮肤处。壳体15的第一表面21是凹入的并且适于布置在小腿的皮肤上。壳体15的第二表面22是凸出的。壳体15的高度远小于其长度,以便符合患者舒适度。电极16布置在壳体15的相对端处。
电极的两种配置在图10和11中示出。在图10中,两个电极16在第一表面21(面对皮肤)处布置在壳体15的对角边缘处。在图11的实施例中,四个电极16布置在壳体15的第一表面21的四个边缘处。
根据本公开的解决方案可以具有以下优点:
·及早检测到心力衰竭失代偿事件,因为由于重力而导致下肢开始流体(水)积聚。
·检测更加敏感,因为测量向量可以在流体积聚区域内。
·此外,其他“传感器”数据例如小腿的照片可能会甚至进一步提高特异性。
附图标记列表
1 装置
2 壳体
3 电池
4 通信模块
5 电子模块
6 电极
7 患者装置
8 通信单元
9 服务器
10 服务器通信单元
11 处理器
12 存储器
13 柔性元件
14 小腿
15 壳体
16 电极
20 测量向量
21 壳体的第一(凹入)表面
22 壳体的第二(凸出)表面

Claims (15)

1.一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置,该装置(1)包括壳体(2、15)和电极(6、16),其中,所述装置(1)配置为测量患者的下肢(14)中的阻抗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述装置(1)是可植入医疗装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,还包括附接到所述壳体(2)的柔性元件(13、13a、13b),其中,所述电极(6)布置在所述柔性元件(13、13a、13b)处。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中,所述柔性元件(13、13a、13b)的长度大于所述壳体(2)的长度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中,所述柔性元件(13、13a、13b)的长度与所述壳体(2)的长度的比率为至少2:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述装置是配置为布置在所述下肢(14)上的外部装置,其中,所述壳体(15)具有第一表面(21),其在所述装置处于用于测量阻抗的使用位置时与所述下肢(14)接触。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,所述壳体(15)的厚度小于所述壳体(15)的长度。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的装置,其中,所述壳体(15)的第一表面(21)适于所述下肢(14)的表面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述壳体(15)的第一表面(21)是凹入的,并且所述壳体(15)的相对的第二表面(22)是凸出的。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的装置,其中,两个电极(16)布置在所述壳体(15)的第一表面(21)的沿直径相对的边缘处。
11.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述第一表面(21)具有四边形式,并且四个电极(16)布置在所述第一表面(21)的边缘处。
12.一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的系统,该系统包括:
-装置(1),其包括壳体(2、15)、电极(6、16)和传输模块(4),以及
-服务器(9),其包括处理器(11)和存储器(12),
其中,所述装置(1)配置为测量患者的下肢(14)中的阻抗,
其中,所述传输模块(4)用于将测量的阻抗值传输至所述服务器(9),并且
其中,所述服务器(9)的处理器(11)配置为评估测量的阻抗值以确定流体积聚。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述处理器(11)还配置为:
-将测量的阻抗值与第一阈值进行比较,并且
-如果测量的阻抗值超过第一阈值,则提供警报信号。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的系统,其中,所述服务器还配置为将多个较早测量的阻抗值存储在所述存储器(12)中,从而形成多个存储的阻抗值,
其中,所述处理器(11)还配置为:
-确定测量的阻抗值与最新存储的阻抗值之间的差异,
-将所述差异与第二阈值进行比较,并且
-如果所述差异超过第二阈值,则发出警报信号。
15.一种用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的方法,包括以下步骤:
-在下肢(14)上或在下肢(14)中提供根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的装置(1),
-通过装置(1)测量下肢中的阻抗值,以及
-从测量的阻抗值确定下肢(14)中的流体积聚。
CN201980049295.2A 2018-07-27 2019-07-22 用于确定患者的下肢中的流体积聚的装置、系统和方法 Pending CN112469328A (zh)

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