CN112469111B - Wireless communication method and device based on LoRa and gateway equipment - Google Patents
Wireless communication method and device based on LoRa and gateway equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112469111B CN112469111B CN202011225878.7A CN202011225878A CN112469111B CN 112469111 B CN112469111 B CN 112469111B CN 202011225878 A CN202011225878 A CN 202011225878A CN 112469111 B CN112469111 B CN 112469111B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0248—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal dependent on the time of the day, e.g. according to expected transmission activity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The application is suitable for the technical field of communication, and provides a wireless communication method, a device and gateway equipment based on LoRa, wherein the method is applied to the gateway equipment and comprises the following steps: before the data packet is sent to the terminal equipment at this time, predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment at this time; calculating the awakening period of the terminal equipment according to the time interval and the preset radio frequency parameters of the terminal equipment, and determining the time length of the lead code sent by the gateway equipment according to the awakening period; executing the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment so as to instruct the terminal equipment to execute the dormancy awakening operation according to the awakening period; and after the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment is executed, sending a lead code to the terminal equipment based on the time length before the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment is executed next time. By the method, the power consumption of LoRa communication between the gateway equipment and the terminal equipment can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present application belongs to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a wireless communication method and apparatus based on LoRa, a gateway device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
With the Wide application of the internet of things technology, more and more terminal devices need to be accessed to a Network in a long distance, and a Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) is receiving much attention as a Wide Area Network technology with Low bandwidth, low Power and long distance. Long Range Radio (LoRa) is a main technical representative of LPWAN, and has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of internet of things due to its open standard and low price. However, the power consumption problem of the LoRa communication has not been well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a wireless communication method, apparatus, gateway device and computer readable storage medium based on LoRa, which can effectively reduce power consumption when performing LoRa communication between the gateway device and the terminal device.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a wireless communication method based on LoRa, applied to a gateway device, including:
before a data packet is sent to the terminal equipment at this time, predicting a time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment;
calculating a wakeup period of the terminal equipment according to the time interval and a preset radio frequency parameter of the terminal equipment, and determining the time length of sending the lead code by the gateway equipment according to the wakeup period, wherein the time length is equal to the wakeup period;
executing the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment this time, wherein the data packet sent to the terminal equipment this time carries the wakeup cycle so as to instruct the terminal equipment to execute the sleep wakeup operation according to the wakeup cycle;
and after the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at the current time is finished and before the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at the next time is executed, sending a preamble to the terminal equipment based on the time length.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a wireless communication apparatus based on LoRa, applied to a gateway device, including:
a prediction unit, configured to predict a time interval between next time that the gateway device transmits a data packet to the terminal device and current time that the gateway device transmits the data packet to the terminal device before transmitting the data packet to the terminal device;
a calculating unit, configured to calculate a wake-up period of the terminal device according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, and determine a time length for the gateway device to send a preamble according to the wake-up period, where the time length is equal to the wake-up period;
a first sending unit, configured to execute an operation of sending a data packet to the terminal device this time, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wakeup period, so as to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wakeup operation according to the wakeup period;
and a second transmitting unit configured to transmit a preamble to the terminal device based on the time length after the operation of transmitting the packet to the terminal device is completed and before the next operation of transmitting the packet to the terminal device is performed.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a gateway device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method provided in the first aspect when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as provided in the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which, when run on a gateway device, causes the gateway device to perform the method provided by the first aspect.
As can be seen from the above, in the present application, before a data packet is sent to a terminal device this time, a time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device this time is predicted, then according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, a wake-up period of the terminal device is calculated, and according to the wake-up period, a time length for sending a preamble to the gateway device is determined, where the time length is equal to the wake-up period, and then an operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wake-up period to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wake-up operation according to the wake-up period, and after the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, and before the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device next time is executed, the preamble is sent to the terminal device based on the time length. According to the scheme, the awakening period of the terminal equipment is considered to be closely related to the power consumption of LoRa communication, the appropriate awakening period is calculated according to the time interval between the next time of sending the data packet and the current time of sending the data packet by the gateway equipment, the time length of sending the lead code by the gateway equipment is determined, the gateway equipment works according to the time length, and the terminal equipment works according to the awakening period, so that the power consumption of the LoRa communication between the gateway equipment and the terminal equipment is effectively reduced.
It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second aspect to the fifth aspect can be referred to the related description of the first aspect, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic application environment diagram of a wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a change in power of a terminal device over time according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a gateway device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
The wireless communication method provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to the application environment shown in fig. 1. The gateway device performs wireless communication with the terminal device 1, the terminal device 2, the terminal device 3, and the terminal device 4, respectively. Illustratively, the gateway device may transmit a packet to terminal device 1 every 1 minute, transmit a packet to terminal device 2 every 10 minutes, transmit a packet to terminal device 3 every 1 hour, and transmit a packet to terminal device 4 every 24 hours. The gateway device may perform wireless communication with each terminal device by the LoRa technology. In the LoRa technology, before a gateway device sends a data packet to a terminal device each time, a preamble is sent to the terminal device, after the preamble is sent, the data packet is sent, and the time length for sending the preamble is set by an initiator according to specific requirements. If the terminal equipment detects the existence of the lead code, the terminal equipment enters a flow for receiving the data packet. The terminal device can be a device with computing capability, such as an intelligent water meter, an intelligent garbage can or a vending machine.
Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a wireless communication method based on LoRa according to an embodiment of the present application, where the wireless communication method may be applied to the gateway device in fig. 1, and is detailed as follows:
in this embodiment of the application, by way of example only, the terminal device may be any one of the terminal device 1, the terminal device 2, the terminal device 3, and the terminal device 4 in fig. 1, and taking the terminal device 1 in fig. 1 as an example for description, the terminal device 1 is the terminal device in this embodiment of the application. In order to meet the service requirement, the gateway device may intermittently send data packets to the terminal device. Alternatively, the gateway device may send the data packet to the terminal device once at the same time interval, for example, the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device once every 1 minute, or may send the data packet to the terminal device once at different time intervals, for example, the time interval between the gateway device sending the data packet to the terminal device 1 st time and sending the data packet to the terminal device 2 nd time is 1 minute, and the time interval between the gateway device sending the data packet to the terminal device 2 nd time and sending the data packet to the terminal device 3 rd time is 2 minutes. Before sending the data packet to the terminal device this time, the gateway device may predict a time interval between the gateway device sending the data packet to the terminal device next time and the gateway device sending the data packet to the terminal device this time, where this time is one time when the data packet needs to be sent to the terminal device at present. For example, before the gateway device transmits a packet to the terminal device 5 th time, the time interval between the gateway device transmitting the packet to the terminal device 6 th time and the gateway device transmitting the packet to the terminal device 5 th time is predicted.
Optionally, the step 201 may specifically include:
a1, acquiring a history record of a data packet sent to a terminal device by a gateway device;
and A2, predicting the time interval according to the historical records.
In this embodiment, after sending a data packet to a terminal device each time, a gateway device may record relevant information of sending the data packet to the terminal device this time, where the relevant information may include a time point of sending the data packet, a size of the data packet, an identifier of the data packet, and the like. That is, the gateway device correspondingly generates a piece of relevant information each time after sending a data packet to the terminal device. The gateway device can locally acquire a history record of data packet transmission to the terminal device, wherein the history record comprises relevant information generated by the gateway device. According to the history, the gateway device may determine a time interval between the next time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device.
Optionally, the history record includes a time point when the gateway device historically sends a data packet to the terminal device each time, based on which step A2 may specifically include:
a21, obtaining at least one historical time interval according to the time point of sending a data packet to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment in each historical time;
and A22, predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment according to each historical time interval.
In this embodiment of the application, it is assumed that the data packet is sent to the terminal device for the N +1 th time by the gateway device, where N is a positive integer, the history record may include a time point when the data packet is sent to the terminal device each time before the N +1 th time (including the N +1 th time) by the gateway device. According to the N +1 time points, N historical time intervals can be calculated, wherein the historical time intervals are time intervals when the gateway device historically and adjacently sends data packets to the terminal device twice. For example, the N historical time intervals are respectively delta t 1 ，Δt 2 ……Δt N . Generally, the time interval for the gateway device to send the data packet to the terminal device will satisfy a certain rule, so according to the N historical time intervals, the rule may be mined, and according to the rule, the time interval between the N +2 th time for the gateway device to send the data packet to the terminal device and the N +1 th time for sending the data packet to the terminal device may be predicted.
Optionally, the step a22 may specifically include:
and calculating the average value of each historical time interval, and taking the average value as the time interval between the next time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment and the current time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment.
It is assumed that this time is that the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device for the (N + 1) th time, and an event that the gateway device randomly sends the data packet follows poisson distribution (poisson distribution is a common probability distribution, and is suitable for describing a random sending event). The N historical time intervals calculated according to the N +1 time points are respectively delta t 1 ，Δt 2 ……Δt N . Then, the time interval Δ t between the N +2 th time of sending the data packet to the terminal device and the N +1 th time of sending the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device can be predicted by using the maximum likelihood estimation method N+1 ＝(Δt 1 +Δt 2 +……+Δt N ) and/N. That is, the predicted time interval Δ t between the N +2 th time of sending the data packet to the terminal device and the N +1 th time of sending the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device N+1 Is the average of N historical time intervals.
Optionally, the step a22 may specifically include:
configuring corresponding weights for the historical time intervals based on the time sequence of the historical time intervals;
and predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment according to each historical time interval and the weight corresponding to each historical time interval.
In the embodiment of the present application, it is considered that there may be a case that the number of times that the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device in a certain time period is large, and the number of times that the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device in another time period is small, for example, the number of times that the gateway device needs to send a data packet to the terminal device in daytime is large, and the number of times that the gateway device needs to send a data packet to the terminal device in evening is small. When this occurs, the time interval predicted by using the average value of the respective historical time intervals as the time interval between the next time the gateway device transmits the data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device transmits the data packet to the terminal device may not be accurate. Based on this, corresponding weights may be configured for each historical time interval based on the chronological order of each historical time interval. The time sequence of the start time (or the end time) of each historical time interval may be used as the time sequence of the historical time intervals, for example, if the start time of one historical time interval 1 is 9 minutes 20 seconds, and the start time of another historical time interval 2 is 10 minutes 10 seconds, the time sequence of the historical time interval 2 is after the historical time interval 1. Specifically, the later the time sequence of the historical time interval is, the greater the weight configured for the historical time interval is, for example, the time between the 1 st time of sending the data packet to the terminal device and the 2 nd time of sending the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway deviceThe intervals are recorded as historical time intervals Δ t 1 The time interval between the 2 nd time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment and the 3 rd time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment is recorded as historical time interval delta t 2 The time interval between the 3 rd time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the 4 th time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device is recorded as the historical time interval delta t 3 . Due to historical time interval Δ t 1 In the historical time interval delta t 2 Previous, historical time interval Δ t 2 In the historical time interval delta t 3 Previously, therefore, the historical time interval Δ t may be 1 The weight is set to 10, the historical time interval Δ t 2 The weight is configured to be 11 and the weight is configured to be 12 for the historical time interval Δ t 3.
After configuring the corresponding weight for each historical time interval, the time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device can be predicted according to each historical time interval and the corresponding weight for each historical time interval. For the time interval delta t between the N +2 th time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment and the N +1 th time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment N+1 The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Δt N+1 ＝1/2 N *Δt 1 +1/2 N-1 *Δt 2 +…1/2 N+1-i *Δt i +…+1/2*Δt N ；
wherein i =1,2 … … N, and N is not less than 10.
By setting the weight, the influence of the historical time interval far away from the time point when the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment next time on the predicted time interval can be reduced. Therefore, the gateway equipment can respond to the frequency change of the data packet sent to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment in real time, and the accuracy of the predicted time interval is improved.
In an application scenario, the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device at the same time interval. Based on this, the gateway device may locally store the time interval, and directly obtain the time interval from the local before sending the data packet to the terminal device this time.
Step 202, calculating an awakening period of the terminal equipment according to the time interval and the preset radio frequency parameters of the terminal equipment, and determining the time length of the lead code sent by the gateway equipment according to the awakening period;
in an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device includes a LoRa radio frequency chip, for example, a LoRa radio frequency chip of Semtech. Before the terminal device works, the radio frequency parameters of the LoRa radio frequency chip of the terminal device can be preset and recorded as preset radio frequency parameters, and the preset radio frequency parameters can be input into the gateway device. Specifically, the predetermined radio frequency parameter may include a spreading factor for the terminal device to perform LoRa communication with the gateway device and a bandwidth for the terminal device to perform LoRa communication with the gateway device. According to the time interval and the preset radio frequency parameters, the awakening period of the terminal equipment can be calculated. Meanwhile, the time length of the preamble sent by the gateway device can be determined according to the wake-up period. Specifically, the length of time for the gateway device to transmit the preamble is equal to the wake-up period of the terminal device.
For example, the wake-up period of the terminal device may be calculated according to a preset wake-up period calculation formula. The wake-up period calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, T Cycle For the wake-up period of the terminal device, T Total The time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device is set, SF is a spreading factor for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device, and BW is a bandwidth for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device.
The following describes the derivation process of the wake-up period calculation formula:
referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows the variation of the power of the terminal device with time. The gateway is supposed to send data packets to the terminal device once every fixed time interval, which is T Total And is andthe terminal equipment is at T Total In this case, N sleep-wake operations are performed. Since the gateway device is at a T Total Will send a data packet to the terminal device, so that the terminal device is at this T Total The gateway device receives a data packet sent by the gateway device. Meanwhile, it is assumed that the time length of the preamble transmitted by the gateway device is equal to the wake-up period of the terminal device, which is denoted as T Cycle . Thus, T can be obtained Total ＝N*T Cycle . In summary, it is assumed that a time interval T can be obtained Total Total energy E consumed by terminal equipment Total Comprises the following steps:
E Total ＝N*P Active *T Active +N*P Sleep *T Sleep +P Rx *T Rec
it can be seen that the total energy E Total The energy consumption of the sleep state, the energy consumption of the wake state and the energy consumption of the receiving state are respectively three parts. Wherein P is Active Power, T, indicating that the terminal is in the wake-up state Active Represents the duration of a single wake state; p Sleep Power, T, indicating that the terminal device is in a dormant state sleep Indicating the duration of the single sleep state; p Rx Power, T, representing the terminal in the receiving state Rec Indicating the duration of a single reception state. Wherein, N is P Active *T Active Energy consumed for the wake state, N P Sleep *T sleep Energy consumed for the sleep state, P Rx *T Rec The energy consumed for the receiving state. Assuming that the terminal equipment comprises a LoRa radio chip of Semtech corporation, it can be found from official documents of Semtech corporation:
P Rx ＝3.3v*10.5mA P Sleep ＝3.3v*1uA
because the current of the LoRa radio frequency chip in the receiving state is 10.5mA and the current in the sleep state is 1uA, the power of the terminal device in the sleep state is too small, and the energy consumed in the sleep state can be ignored in the following calculation.
Wherein，P Active *T Active ≈(1.5*2 SF /BW)*P Rx ，P Rx *T Rec ＝(T prea +T payload )*P Rx
Wherein, T Payload Which represents the duration of time the terminal device receives the data packet, here a certain value. T is a unit of prea Which represents the time duration consumed by the terminal device listening to the preamble transmitted by the gateway device. Through multiple simulation experiments, the time consumed by the terminal equipment for intercepting the lead code sent by the gateway equipment is half of the time length of the gateway equipment for sending the lead code, namely T prea ＝1/2*T Cycle 。
By combining the above analyses, E can be obtained Total ≈(T Total /T Cycle )*(1.5*2 SF /BW)*P Rx +(0.5*T Cycle +T Payload )*PRx
From the above equation, it can be seen that the total energy E consumed by the terminal equipment Total Consists of two parts, energy consumed in the awake state and energy consumed in the receive state. At a time interval T Total When determined, following the wake-up period T of the terminal equipment Cycle The terminal equipment is awakened less times, and the energy consumed by the awakened state is reduced; with wake-up period T of terminal equipment Cycle As a result, the time consumed by the terminal device for listening to the preamble transmitted by the gateway device becomes longer, and the energy consumed in the reception state increases. As can be seen, the wakeup period T Cycle There is a compromise value that minimizes the sum of the energy consumed by the awake state and the energy consumed by the receive state. Therefore, the wake-up period calculation formula can be derived by combining the above formula:
through the awakening period calculation formula, an awakening period can be calculated, so that the total energy E consumed by the terminal equipment when the terminal equipment works according to the awakening period Total And is minimal.
Step 203, executing the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment;
in the embodiment of the present application, the wake-up period calculated according to the wake-up period calculation formula at this time may be added to the data packet sent to the terminal device at this time. Then, the gateway device may send the data packet carrying the wakeup period to the terminal device. After receiving the data packet from the gateway device, the terminal device may take out the wakeup period from the data packet, and perform a sleep wakeup operation according to the wakeup period. Illustratively, the wake-up period is 3 minutes, the terminal device may perform the switching from the sleep state to the wake-up state every 3 minutes. After waking up, the terminal device will start to listen to the channel for the preamble. If the preamble is detected to exist in the channel, the terminal device is switched to a receiving state to prepare for receiving the data packet sent by the gateway device; if the preamble is not detected in the channel, the terminal device goes to the sleep state again. It should be noted that the preamble is wireless information with a fixed format, and the terminal device only needs to detect the information conforming to the fixed format to think that a valid preamble is intercepted.
And step 204, after the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at this time is completed and before the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at the next time is executed, sending a lead code to the terminal equipment based on the time length.
In this embodiment of the present application, after performing the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal device this time, the gateway device waits for a time interval, and sends the data packet to the terminal device again. Before performing the next operation of transmitting the data packet to the terminal device, the gateway device may transmit the preamble to the terminal device based on the determined length of time for which the gateway device transmits the preamble. Specifically, the gateway device may continue to transmit the preamble to the terminal device for the length of time. For example, assuming that the preamble is 0x55, the wake-up period calculated in step 202 is 3 seconds, and the time length for the gateway device to transmit the preamble is equal to the wake-up period, i.e. the time length is also 3 seconds. Therefore, the gateway device may continue to transmit the preamble 0x55 to the terminal device for 3 seconds before performing the next operation of transmitting the packet to the terminal device, and transmit the packet to the terminal device after the 3 seconds. It will be appreciated that in practice, the gateway device will transmit a preamble each time before transmitting a data packet to the terminal device. That is to say, before the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device this time, the preamble is also sent to the terminal device first, and the time length of sending the preamble to the terminal device this time is the time length obtained by executing the steps of the wireless communication method according to the embodiment of the present application before the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device last time.
As can be seen from the above, in the present application, before a data packet is sent to a terminal device this time, a time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device this time is predicted, then according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, a wake-up period of the terminal device is calculated, and according to the wake-up period, a time length for sending a preamble to the gateway device is determined, where the time length is equal to the wake-up period, and then an operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wake-up period to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wake-up operation according to the wake-up period, and after the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, and before the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device next time is executed, the preamble is sent to the terminal device based on the time length. According to the scheme, the awakening period of the terminal equipment is considered to be related to the power consumption of LoRa communication, the appropriate awakening period is calculated according to the time interval between the next time of sending the data packet and the current time of sending the data packet by the gateway equipment, the time length of sending the lead code by the gateway equipment is determined, the gateway equipment works according to the time length, and the terminal equipment works according to the awakening period, so that the power consumption of the LoRa communication between the gateway equipment and the terminal equipment is effectively reduced.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication apparatus based on LoRa according to an embodiment of the present application, where the wireless communication apparatus is applied to a gateway device, and for convenience of description, only the relevant portions of the embodiment of the present application are shown.
The wireless communication apparatus 400 includes:
a predicting unit 401, configured to predict, before sending a data packet to a terminal device this time, a time interval between sending the data packet to the terminal device next time by the gateway device and sending the data packet to the terminal device this time;
a calculating unit 402, configured to calculate a wake-up period of the terminal device according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, and determine a time length for sending a preamble by the gateway device according to the wake-up period, where the time length is equal to the wake-up period;
a first sending unit 403, configured to execute an operation of sending a data packet to the terminal device this time, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wakeup cycle, so as to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wakeup operation according to the wakeup cycle;
a second transmitting unit 404, configured to transmit a preamble to the terminal device based on the time length after the operation of transmitting the packet to the terminal device this time is completed and before the operation of transmitting the packet to the terminal device next time is performed.
Optionally, the obtaining unit 401 includes:
a record obtaining subunit, configured to obtain a history record of sending a data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device;
and an interval determination subunit, configured to predict the time interval according to the history.
Optionally, the history record includes a time point when the gateway device historically sends a data packet to the terminal device each time, and the interval determining subunit includes:
a history interval obtaining subunit, configured to obtain at least one history time interval according to a time point at which the gateway device historically sends a data packet to the terminal device each time, where the history time interval is a time interval at which the gateway device historically sends data packets to the terminal device twice in an adjacent manner;
and the time interval calculating subunit is used for predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device according to each historical time interval.
Optionally, the time interval calculating subunit includes:
and the average value operator unit is used for calculating the average value of each historical time interval, and taking the average value as the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment.
Optionally, the time interval calculating subunit further includes:
the weight configuration subunit is used for configuring corresponding weights for the historical time intervals based on the time sequence of the historical time intervals;
and the weight time interval calculation subunit is used for predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device according to each historical time interval and the weight corresponding to each historical time interval.
Optionally, the calculating unit 402 is specifically configured to calculate the wake-up period of the terminal device according to a preset wake-up period calculation formula, where the wake-up period calculation formula is
Wherein, T Cycle For the wake-up period, T, of the terminal device Total Sending data packet to the terminal equipment for the next time and sending data packet to the terminal equipment for the current time by the gateway equipmentThe time interval between data packets, SF is the spreading factor for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device, and BW is the bandwidth for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device.
Optionally, the second sending unit 404 is specifically configured to continue sending the preamble to the terminal device for the time length before performing the next operation of sending the data packet to the terminal device.
As can be seen from the above, in the solution of the present application, before sending a data packet to a terminal device this time, a time interval between sending of the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device for the next time and sending of the data packet to the terminal device this time is predicted, then, according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, a wake-up period of the terminal device is calculated, a time length for sending a preamble by the gateway device is determined according to the wake-up period, where the time length is equal to the wake-up period, and then, an operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wake-up period to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wake-up operation according to the wake-up period, and after the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, and before the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device next time is executed, the preamble is sent to the terminal device based on the time length. According to the scheme, the awakening period of the terminal equipment is considered to be related to the power consumption of LoRa communication, the appropriate awakening period is calculated according to the time interval between the next time of sending the data packet and the current time of sending the data packet by the gateway equipment, the time length of sending the lead code by the gateway equipment is determined, the gateway equipment works according to the time length, and the terminal equipment works according to the awakening period, so that the power consumption of the LoRa communication between the gateway equipment and the terminal equipment is effectively reduced.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a gateway device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the gateway apparatus 5 of this embodiment includes: at least one processor 50 (only one is shown in fig. 5), a memory 51, and a computer program 52 stored in the memory 51 and operable on the at least one processor 50, wherein the processor 50 implements the following steps when executing the computer program 52:
before a data packet is sent to the terminal equipment at this time, predicting a time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment;
calculating a wakeup period of the terminal equipment according to the time interval and a preset radio frequency parameter of the terminal equipment, and determining the time length of sending the lead code by the gateway equipment according to the wakeup period, wherein the time length is equal to the wakeup period;
executing the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment this time, wherein the data packet sent to the terminal equipment this time carries the wakeup cycle so as to instruct the terminal equipment to execute the sleep wakeup operation according to the wakeup cycle;
and after the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at the current time is finished and before the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at the next time is executed, sending a preamble to the terminal equipment based on the time length.
Assuming that the above is the first possible implementation, in a second possible implementation provided based on the first possible implementation, the predicting a time interval between the next transmission of the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device and the current transmission of the data packet to the terminal device includes:
acquiring a history record of data packet transmission from the gateway equipment to the terminal equipment;
and predicting the time interval according to the historical records.
In a third possible embodiment based on the second possible embodiment, the history record includes a time point at which the gateway device historically transmits a packet to the terminal device each time, and the predicting the time interval based on the history record includes:
obtaining at least one historical time interval according to the time point of each time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment historically by the gateway equipment, wherein the historical time interval is the time interval of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment historically and two times adjacently by the gateway equipment historically;
and predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment according to each historical time interval.
In a fourth possible implementation based on the third possible implementation, the predicting, according to each historical time interval, a time interval between the next time the gateway device transmits the data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device transmits the data packet to the terminal device includes:
and calculating the average value of each historical time interval, and taking the average value as the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment transmits the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment transmits the data packet to the terminal equipment.
In a fifth possible implementation based on the third possible implementation, the predicting, according to each historical time interval, a time interval between the next transmission of the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device and the current transmission of the data packet to the terminal device includes:
configuring corresponding weights for the historical time intervals based on the time sequence of the historical time intervals;
and predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment according to each historical time interval and the weight corresponding to each historical time interval.
In a sixth possible implementation manner provided based on the first possible implementation manner, the calculating an awake cycle of the terminal device according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device includes:
according to a preset wake-up period calculation formulaCalculating the wake-up period of the terminal equipment, wherein the calculation formula of the wake-up period is
Wherein, T Cycle For the wake-up period, T, of the terminal device Total The time interval between the next time the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device, SF is a spreading factor for the terminal device to communicate with the gateway device, and BW is a bandwidth for the terminal device to communicate with the gateway device.
In a seventh possible embodiment based on the first possible embodiment, the transmitting a preamble to the terminal device based on the time length includes:
and continuously transmitting the preamble to the terminal equipment within the time length.
The gateway device may include, but is not limited to, a processor 50 and a memory 51. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that fig. 5 is merely an example of the gateway device 5, and does not constitute a limitation of the gateway device 5, and may include more or less components than those shown, or combine some of the components, or different components, such as input output devices, network access devices, etc.
The Processor 50 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the Processor 50 may be other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The storage 51 may be an internal storage unit of the gateway device 5 in some embodiments, for example, a hard disk or a memory of the gateway device 5. The memory 51 is used for storing an operating system, an application program, a BootLoader (BootLoader), data, other programs, and the like, such as program codes of the computer programs. The above-mentioned memory 51 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
As can be seen from the above, in the solution of the present application, before sending a data packet to a terminal device this time, a time interval between sending of the data packet to the terminal device by the gateway device for the next time and sending of the data packet to the terminal device this time is predicted, then, according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, a wake-up period of the terminal device is calculated, a time length for sending a preamble by the gateway device is determined according to the wake-up period, where the time length is equal to the wake-up period, and then, an operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wake-up period to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wake-up operation according to the wake-up period, and after the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is executed, and before the operation for sending the data packet to the terminal device next time is executed, the preamble is sent to the terminal device based on the time length. According to the scheme, the awakening period of the terminal equipment is considered to be related to the power consumption of LoRa communication, the appropriate awakening period is calculated according to the time interval between the next time of sending the data packet and the current time of sending the data packet by the gateway equipment, the time length of sending the lead code by the gateway equipment is determined, the gateway equipment works according to the time length, and the terminal equipment works according to the awakening period, so that the power consumption of the LoRa communication between the gateway equipment and the terminal equipment is effectively reduced.
It should be noted that, for the information interaction, execution process, and other contents between the above devices/units, the specific functions and technical effects thereof based on the same concept as those of the method embodiment of the present application can be specifically referred to the method embodiment portion, and are not described herein again.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the above-mentioned functions may be distributed as different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus may be divided into different functional units or modules to implement all or part of the above-mentioned functions. Each functional unit and module in the embodiments may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated in one unit, and the integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware, or in a form of software functional unit. In addition, specific names of the functional units and modules are only used for distinguishing one functional unit from another, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working processes of the units and modules in the system may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.
Embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, which, when running on a gateway device, causes the gateway device to perform the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments.
The integrated unit may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a separate product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and can implement the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above when the computer program is executed by a processor. The computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in a source code form, an object code form, an executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include at least: any entity or apparatus capable of carrying computer program code to a gateway device, recording medium, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), random-Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution medium. Such as a usb-drive, a removable hard drive, a magnetic or optical disk, etc. In certain jurisdictions, computer-readable media may not be an electrical carrier signal or a telecommunications signal in accordance with legislative and patent practice.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus/network device and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus/network device embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the above modules or units is only one logical function division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A wireless communication method based on LoRa is applied to gateway equipment and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
before a data packet is sent to the terminal equipment this time, predicting a time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment this time;
calculating a wakeup period of the terminal device according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, and determining a time length of sending a preamble code by the gateway device according to the wakeup period, where the time length is equal to the wakeup period, including: calculating the wake-up period of the terminal equipment according to a preset wake-up period calculation formula
Wherein, T Cycle Is the wake-up period, T, of the terminal device Total For a time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device and the current time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device, SF is a spreading factor for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device, and BW is a bandwidth for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device;
executing the operation of sending a data packet to the terminal equipment this time, wherein the data packet sent to the terminal equipment this time carries the awakening period so as to instruct the terminal equipment to execute the dormancy awakening operation according to the awakening period;
and after the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at this time is finished and before the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment at the next time is executed, sending a lead code to the terminal equipment based on the time length.
2. The wireless communication method according to claim 1, wherein the predicting a time interval between the next time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device includes:
acquiring a history record of a data packet sent to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment;
predicting the time interval based on the history.
3. The wireless communication method according to claim 2, wherein the history record includes a time point of each time the gateway device historically sends a data packet to the terminal device, and the predicting the time interval according to the history record comprises:
obtaining at least one historical time interval according to the time point of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment every time in history, wherein the historical time interval is the time interval of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment twice adjacent to the gateway equipment in history;
and predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment according to each historical time interval.
4. The wireless communication method according to claim 3, wherein the predicting, according to each historical time interval, a time interval between the next time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device includes:
and calculating the average value of each historical time interval, and taking the average value as the time interval between the next time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment by the gateway equipment and the current time of sending the data packet to the terminal equipment.
5. The wireless communication method according to claim 3, wherein the predicting, according to each historical time interval, a time interval between the next time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device and the current time the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device includes:
configuring corresponding weights for the historical time intervals based on the time sequence of the historical time intervals;
and predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment according to each historical time interval and the weight corresponding to each historical time interval.
6. The wireless communication method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting a preamble to the terminal device based on the time length comprises:
and continuously transmitting the preamble to the terminal equipment within the time length.
7. A wireless communication device based on LoRa is characterized in that, applied to gateway equipment, the device comprises:
the prediction unit is used for predicting the time interval between the next time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment and the current time that the gateway equipment sends the data packet to the terminal equipment before sending the data packet to the terminal equipment;
a calculating unit, configured to calculate a wake-up period of the terminal device according to the time interval and a predetermined radio frequency parameter of the terminal device, and determine a time length for the gateway device to send the preamble according to the wake-up period, where the time length is the time lengthThe length is equal to the wake-up period, and the method comprises the following steps: calculating the awakening period of the terminal equipment according to a preset awakening period calculation formula
Wherein, T Cycle Is the wake-up period, T, of the terminal device Total For a time interval between the next time that the gateway device sends a data packet to the terminal device and the current time that the gateway device sends the data packet to the terminal device, SF is a spreading factor for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device, and BW is a bandwidth for the communication between the terminal device and the gateway device;
a first sending unit, configured to execute an operation of sending a data packet to the terminal device this time, where the data packet sent to the terminal device this time carries the wakeup cycle, so as to instruct the terminal device to execute a sleep wakeup operation according to the wakeup cycle;
and a second sending unit, configured to send a preamble to the terminal device based on the time length after the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal device this time is completed and before the operation of sending the data packet to the terminal device next time is executed.
8. A gateway device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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