CN112468799B - Stereoscopic holographic display system - Google Patents
Stereoscopic holographic display system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112468799B CN112468799B CN201910843997.XA CN201910843997A CN112468799B CN 112468799 B CN112468799 B CN 112468799B CN 201910843997 A CN201910843997 A CN 201910843997A CN 112468799 B CN112468799 B CN 112468799B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/317—Convergence or focusing systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3179—Video signal processing therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stereoscopic holographic display system, which comprises a projector, a light source and a display, wherein the projector is used for carrying out spatial modulation on a light beam to generate an image; the image processor executes a holographic method on the image generated by the projector; and the storage device stores the holographic data generated by the holographic processor in the process of executing the holographic method. The image processor adaptively replaces the amplitude of the light field according to the saliency of the individual regions of the image.
Description
Background
Holography (holography) is a stereoscopic image that can be seen using the eyes, and holography (holography) refers to a technique for generating a holography. In general, a hologram is a record of light field (light field), which is a vector function describing the amount of light that flows in all directions at each point in space.
A head-up display (HUD) is a transparent display that can display data without the user having to leave the general line of sight. The holographic technique can be used as a projector of a head-up display to display stereoscopic images.
Computer-generated-hologram (CGH) algorithms can be divided into two broad categories: direct (direct) and reverse (inverse) methods. Direct methods, such as direct method (DS), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), calculate each pixel and thus achieve high accuracy, but require a long calculation time. On the other hand, inverse methods, such as the saxon (Gerchberg-Saxton) algorithm and the iterative Fourier transform (iterative Fourier transform) algorithm, use iterative methods, which can significantly reduce the computation time but obtain low-accuracy images.
Conventional heads-up displays have a single fixed focus, thus limiting some applications to displaying images of different viewing distances (viewing distances). Therefore, it is desirable to provide a novel mechanism for adjusting multi-focus, reducing computation time and enhancing image quality compared to the conventional head-up display.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, an objective of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic holographic display system, so as to achieve the objectives of adjustable multi-focus, reducing computation time, and enhancing image quality.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a stereoscopic holographic display system includes a projector, an image processor, and a storage device. The projector spatially modulates the light beam to generate an image. The image processor executes a holography method on the image generated by the projector. The storage device stores the holographic data generated by the holographic processor in the process of executing the holographic method. The image processor adaptively replaces the amplitude of the light field according to the saliency of the individual regions of the image.
Further, the projector includes a spatial light modulator.
Further, the spatial light modulator includes single crystal silicon reflective liquid crystal.
Further, the holographic method comprises:
inputting a target amplitude and a random phase as a light field of an image end;
using an angular spectrum method to deliver the light field to a holographic end;
if the phase of the transmitted light field converges, outputting a full image;
if the phase of the transmitted light field is not converged, replacing the amplitude of the transmitted light field with a plane wave or a spherical wave to generate a modified light field;
transmitting the corrected light field from the holographic end to the image end by using an angular spectrum method; and
the amplitude of the modified light field is adaptively replaced according to the saliency of the respective region of the image.
Further, the image is divided into three regions:
a signal region having high significance;
a background region having low saliency; and
and the noise area surrounds the signal area and the background area.
Further, in the signal region, replacing the amplitude of the modified light field with a weighted target amplitude of positive weight; weighting the amplitude of the modified light field with a negative weight in the background region; in the noise region, the amplitude of the modified light field is weighted with a positive weight so that stray diffraction can be absorbed by the noise region.
Further, the stereoscopic holographic display system further comprises:
a light source for providing the light beam to the projector directly or through a beam splitter; and
and the optical combiner is arranged in front of the viewer and is used for receiving the light beam directly or through the optical splitter.
Further, the photosynthetic apparatus comprises a semi-transmission coating concave mirror.
Further, the photosynthetic apparatus comprises a windshield of an automobile.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a stereoscopic holographic display system comprises:
a projector for spatially modulating the light beam to generate an image;
the image processor executes a holographic method on the image generated by the projector; and
the storage device stores the holographic data generated by the holographic processor in the process of executing the holographic method; the angular spectrum method generates a first virtual image to be displayed in the near field of the viewer, and the fresnel diffraction method generates a second virtual image to be displayed in the far field of the viewer.
Further, the projector includes a spatial light modulator.
Further, the spatial light modulator includes single crystal silicon reflective liquid crystal.
Further, the holographic method comprises:
inputting a target amplitude and a random phase as a light field of an image end;
respectively transmitting a near-field light field and a far-field light field to a holographic end by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method;
adding the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field to form a total light field, and extracting phases according to the total light field;
if the extraction phase is converged, outputting a full image;
if the extraction phase is not converged, replacing the transmission light field of the near field and the transmission light field of the far field by plane waves or spherical waves to generate a correction light field of the near field and a correction light field of the far field;
transmitting the correction light field of the near field and the correction light field of the far field from a holographic end to an image end respectively by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method; and
the amplitudes of the corrected light field in the near field and the corrected light field in the far field are adaptively replaced according to the saliency of the respective region of the image.
Further, the holographic method comprises:
inputting a target amplitude and a random phase as a light field of an image end;
respectively transmitting a near-field light field and a far-field light field to a holographic end by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method;
if the phases of the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field converge, adding the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field, and outputting a full image;
if the phases of the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field are not converged, replacing the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field by a plane wave or a spherical wave to generate a corrected light field of the near field and a corrected light field of the far field;
transmitting the correction light field of the near field and the correction light field of the far field from a holographic end to an image end respectively by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method; and
the amplitudes of the corrected light field in the near field and the corrected light field in the far field are adaptively replaced according to the saliency of the respective region of the image.
Further, the stereoscopic holographic display system further comprises:
a light source for providing the light beam to the projector directly or through a beam splitter; and
and the optical combiner is arranged in front of the viewer and is used for receiving the light beam directly or through the optical splitter.
Further, the photosynthetic apparatus comprises a semi-transmission coating concave mirror.
Further, the photosynthetic apparatus comprises a windshield of an automobile.
The stereoscopic holographic display system of the invention uses a reverse method to generate the holographic image, thereby effectively reducing the calculation time, simultaneously adopts a multi-amplitude limiting mechanism to improve the display quality of the holographic image, and uses an angular spectrum method to remove zero-order diffraction (zero-order diffraction) and provide a plurality of adjustable focuses.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a stereoscopic holographic display system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a multi-amplitude limited angular spectrum method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to the stereoscopic holographic display system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a to-be-displayed image divided into a signal region, a background region and a noise region;
FIG. 4A is a flow chart of a composite field overlay method according to another embodiment of the invention, which can be applied to the stereoscopic holographic display system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4B is a flow chart of a composite field overlay method according to another embodiment of the invention, which can be applied to the stereoscopic holographic display system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5A is a graph showing the performance (signal-to-noise ratio) of the non-band-limited angular spectrum method and the offset Fresnel diffraction method with respect to line-of-sight;
FIG. 5B is a graph showing the performance (signal-to-noise ratio) of the band-limited angular spectrum method and the offset Fresnel diffraction method with respect to line-of-sight;
FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of an optical device according to an embodiment, which can be used in the holographic display system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of an optical device according to another embodiment, which can be used in the holographic display system of FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the stereoscopic holographic display system shown in fig. 1 applied to a holographic heads-up display.
[ notation ] to show
100 stereo holographic display system
11 projector/spatial light modulator
12 full image processor
13 storage device
200 multi-amplitude limiting angular spectrum method
21 inputting target amplitude and random phase
22 transmit the light field to the holographic end
23 determine whether the phase has converged
24 output hologram
25 displacing the amplitude with a plane wave
26 transmitting the light field to the image side
27 adaptively permute amplitude
31 signal region
32 background region
33 noise zone
400A composite field superposition method
400B composite field superposition method
41 input target amplitude and random phase
42 transmit the near field and far field to the holographic end respectively by angular spectrum and Fresnel diffraction
43 extraction phase
43B adding the near field to the far field
44 determining whether the phase has converged
45 output hologram
46 by displacement of the amplitude of the plane wave
47 transmitting the near field and the far field to the image end by angular spectrum and Fresnel diffraction
48 adaptively permute amplitude
600A optical device
600B optical device
60 light source
61 light splitter
62 photosynthetic apparatus
63 back focal point
64 Fourier plane
65 virtual image
66 virtual image
FOV field of view
F1 front/back focal length
F2 front/back focal length
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a stereoscopic holographic display (3D holographic display) system 100, which is a tunable multi-focus system, according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a stereoscopic holographic display system 100 (hereinafter referred to as a display system), such as a head-up display or a head-mounted display, may include a projector 11, such as a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), for spatially modulating a light beam to generate an image. In one embodiment, the spatial light modulator may comprise a single crystal silicon reflective Liquid Crystal (LCOS).
The display system 100 of the present embodiment may include a holographic processor 12, such as an image processor, for performing a holographic method on the image generated by the projector 11, as described in detail below. The display system 100 of the present embodiment may include a storage device 13, such as a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) or a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), for (temporarily) storing the hologram data generated by the hologram processor 12 during the execution of the hologram method. The display system 100 of the present embodiment may include other optical devices, the details of which are described in the following paragraphs.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a multi-amplitude limited angular spectrum (multi- (amplitude) constraints angular) method 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which can be applied to the stereoscopic holographic display system 100 shown in fig. 1. The present embodiment uses an inverse method to greatly reduce the computation time, uses a multi-amplitude limiting mechanism to greatly enhance the image quality, uses an angular spectrum method to remove zero-order diffraction (zero-order diffraction), and provides a multi-focus function.
In step 21, the target amplitude and the random phase are input as the light field (light field) of the image side. Then, in step 22, an Angular Spectrum (AS) method based on convolution-based is used to deliver the light field to the holographic end, for details, reference may be made to "Band-Limited Angular Spectrum Method for digital Simulation of Free-Space Propagation of Far-field and Near-field" (Band-Limited Angular Spectrum Method for Numerical Simulation) proposed by Sonchi island (Kyoji Matsushima) et al in 2009, optical Express (Optics Express), and optical journal (OPTO) published by Kyoji Matsushima (SPIE) 2010, et al, "High-definition full-parallax computer-generated hologram (High-base method and shifted angular spectrum method) using High-resolution full-parallax based CGHs segmented by using polygon method and shifted angular spectrum method".
In step 23 it is decided whether the phase of the transmitted light field has converged. If the result of step 23 is positive, the flow proceeds to step 24 to output a hologram. If the result of step 23 is negative, the flow proceeds to step 25 to replace the amplitude of the transmitted light field with a plane wave or a spherical wave to generate a modified light field. The modified light field is then transferred from the holographic side to the image side using an angular spectrum method (step 26).
According to one of the features of the present embodiment, in step 27, the amplitude of the correction light field is adaptively replaced according to the significance (significance) of the individual regions of the image, so that the amplitudes of different regions are replaced, and therefore the flow of the present embodiment is called as a multi-amplitude limiting angular spectrum method. In one embodiment, the image is divided into three regions: a signal region (or primary or foreground region) with high saliency, a background region (or secondary region) with low saliency, and a noise region (or pad region) surrounding the signal and background regions. In another embodiment, the image is divided into two regions: a signal area and a background area. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the image to be displayed divided into a signal area 31, a background area 32 and a noise area 33. Wherein, in the signal area, the amplitude of the correction light field is replaced by the weighted target amplitude of the positive weight; in the background area, correcting the amplitude of the light field by negative weight weighting; in the noise area, the amplitude of the light field is corrected with a positive weight weighting, so that the noise area can absorb stray diffraction, thereby greatly enhancing the image quality. Next, the flow proceeds to step 22 where the multi-amplitude limited angular spectrum method 200 is performed again.
FIG. 4A is a flow chart of a hybrid field super position method 400A according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to the stereoscopic holographic display system 100 shown in FIG. 1. The flow of fig. 4A is similar to the flow shown in fig. 2, with the differences described below.
In step 41, the target amplitude and the random phase are input as the light field (light field) of the image side. According to one feature of this embodiment, in step 42, near-field (near-field) and far-field (far-field) optical fields are delivered to the holographic side using an Angular Spectrum (AS) method and a Fresnel (Fresnel) diffraction method, respectively. For details of the Fresnel diffraction method, refer to "Shifted Fresnel diffraction for computational computing for computer holographic" proposed by optical Express (Optics Express) in 2007 of macchafer moofletto et al. Fig. 5A shows a schematic diagram of the performance (signal-to-noise ratio) of the non-band-limited angular spectrum method and the offset fresnel diffraction method with respect to line-of-sight, taken from the aforementioned "band-limited angular spectrum method for digital simulation of free-space transfer of far-field and near-field". As shown in fig. 5A, the performance of the angular spectrum method is better than that of the fresnel diffraction method in the near field, whereas the performance of the fresnel diffraction method is better than that of the angular spectrum method in the far field. Fig. 5B shows a schematic diagram of the performance (signal-to-noise ratio) of the band-limited angular spectrum method and the offset fresnel diffraction method with respect to line-of-sight, taken from the aforementioned "band-limited angular spectrum method for digital simulation of free-space transfer of far-field and near-field".
In step 43, the transmitted light field in the near field (corresponding to the angular spectrum method) and the transmitted light field in the far field (corresponding to the fresnel diffraction method) are added to form a total light field, from which the phase is extracted. In step 44, it is determined whether the extraction phase of the total transmitted light field has converged. If the result of step 44 is positive, the flow proceeds to step 45 to output the hologram. If the result of step 44 is negative, the flow proceeds to step 46 to replace the near-field and far-field transmitted light fields with plane waves or spherical waves to generate the near-field and far-field modified light fields. Then, the near-field corrected light field and the far-field corrected light field are transmitted from the hologram end to the image end by using the angular spectrum method and the fresnel diffraction method, respectively (step 47).
In step 48, the near-field and far-field modified light fields are adaptively replaced according to the saliency of the individual regions of the image, as described in step 27 shown in fig. 2. Next, the flow proceeds to step 42, where the hybrid field superposition method 400A is performed again. Since the angular spectrum method is used in the near field and the fresnel diffraction method is used in the far field, the field of view (FOV) of the hologram can thus be greatly increased and the aliasing noise can be greatly reduced.
Fig. 4B is a flowchart illustrating a composite field overlay method 400B according to another embodiment of the invention, which can be applied to the stereoscopic holographic display system 100 shown in fig. 1. The flow shown in fig. 4B is similar to the flow shown in fig. 4A, with the differences described below.
In this embodiment, the transmitted light field in the near field (corresponding to the angular spectrum method) and the transmitted light field in the far field (corresponding to the fresnel diffraction method) are added (step B) only before the phases have converged (step 44) and the hologram is output (step 45).
Fig. 6A is a schematic diagram of an optical device 600A according to an embodiment, which can be applied to the stereoscopic holographic display system 100 shown in fig. 1. The optical device 600A may include a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM)11 as a projector for spatially modulating a light beam provided by a light source 60 via a beam splitter (beam splitter)61 to produce an image. The beam splitter 61 has a front focal length F1 and a back focal length F1 (which is substantially the same as the front focal length F1), and receives the light beam from the spatial light modulator 11. According to one feature of this embodiment, the optical device 600A may include a combiner 62 (e.g., a semi-transmissive concave mirror) having a front focal length F2 and a back focal length F2 (which is substantially the same as the front focal length F2) and disposed in front of the viewer. The optical combiner 62 may receive the light beam from the optical splitter 61. As shown in fig. 6A, the beam splitter 61 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 11 and the optical combiner 62, and the real image of the spatial light modulator 11 can be focused on the back focus 63. In one embodiment, the photosynthetic device 62 may be a windshield of an automobile. The optical device 600A may further include a Fourier plane 64 disposed between the beam splitter 61 and the optical combiner 62 for filtering out additional diffraction.
As shown in fig. 6A, the virtual image 65 produced by the angular spectrum method can be displayed in the near field, whereas the virtual image 66 produced by the fresnel diffraction method can be displayed in the far field.
According to the optical device 600A (or called 4F photosynthetic system) described above, the size of the generated virtual image is proportional to the ratio of the (front/back) focal length F2 of the optical combiner 62 to the (front/back) focal length F1 of the optical splitter 61, and the viewing distance of the generated virtual image (i.e., the distance between the back focal point 63 and the virtual image 65/66) can be proportional to the square of the ratio.
Fig. 6B is a schematic diagram of an optical device 600B according to another embodiment, which can be applied to the stereoscopic holographic display system 100 shown in fig. 1. The present embodiment omits the beam splitter 61 used in the optical device 600A (shown in fig. 6A). A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM)11 acts as a projector that spatially modulates a light beam provided directly from a light source 60 to produce an image.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of the stereoscopic holographic display system 100 shown in fig. 1 applied to a holographic heads-up display, which is far from a viewer (e.g., a driver) to display a virtual image 1 (e.g., a traffic signal) to avoid disturbing the attention of the driver, and is close to the driver to display a virtual image 2 (e.g., road information).
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A stereoscopic holographic display system, comprising:
a projector for spatially modulating the light beam to generate an image;
a full image processor for executing a full image method to the image generated by the projector; and
the storage device stores the holographic data generated by the holographic processor in the process of executing the holographic method;
wherein the image processor adaptively replaces the amplitude of the light field according to the saliency of the respective region of the image;
the holographic method comprises the following steps:
inputting a target amplitude and a random phase as a light field of an image end;
using an angular spectrum method to deliver the light field to a holographic end;
if the phase of the transmitted light field converges, outputting a full image;
if the phase of the transmitted light field is not converged, replacing the amplitude of the transmitted light field with a plane wave or a spherical wave to generate a modified light field;
transmitting the corrected light field from the holographic end to the image end by using an angular spectrum method; and
adaptively replacing the amplitude of the corrected light field according to the saliency of the respective region of the image;
the image is divided into three regions:
a signal region having high significance;
a background region having low saliency; and
and the noise area surrounds the signal area and the background area.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the projector comprises a spatial light modulator.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a single crystal silicon reflective liquid crystal.
4. The stereoscopic holography display system as claimed in claim 1 wherein in the signal region, the amplitude of the modified light field is replaced with a weighted target amplitude of positive weight; weighting the amplitude of the modified light field with a negative weight in the background region; in the noise region, the amplitude of the modified light field is weighted with a positive weight so that stray diffraction can be absorbed by the noise region.
5. The stereoscopic holography display system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a light source for providing the light beam to the projector directly or through a beam splitter; and
and the optical combiner is arranged in front of the viewer and is used for receiving the light beam directly or through the optical splitter.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the optical combiner comprises a semi-transmissive coated concave mirror.
7. The stereoscopic holographic display system of claim 5, wherein the optical combiner comprises a windshield of a vehicle.
8. A stereoscopic holographic display system, comprising:
a projector for spatially modulating the light beam to generate an image;
the image processor executes a holographic method on the image generated by the projector; and
the storage device stores the holographic data generated by the holographic processor in the process of executing the holographic method;
wherein, the angular spectrum method generates a first virtual image which is displayed in the near field of the observer, and the Fresnel diffraction method generates a second virtual image which is displayed in the far field of the observer;
the holographic method comprises the following steps:
inputting a target amplitude and a random phase as a light field of an image end;
respectively transmitting a near-field light field and a far-field light field to a holographic terminal by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method;
if the phases of the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field converge, adding the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field, and outputting a full image;
if the phases of the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field are not converged, replacing the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field by a plane wave or a spherical wave to generate a corrected light field of the near field and a corrected light field of the far field;
transmitting the correction light field of a near field and the correction light field of a far field from a holographic end to an image end respectively by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method; and
the amplitudes of the corrected light field in the near field and the corrected light field in the far field are adaptively replaced according to the saliency of the respective region of the image.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the projector comprises a spatial light modulator.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the spatial light modulator comprises single crystal silicon reflective liquid crystal.
11. The stereoscopic holography display system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said holography method comprises:
inputting a target amplitude and a random phase as a light field of an image end;
respectively transmitting a near-field light field and a far-field light field to a holographic end by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method;
adding the transmitted light field of the near field and the transmitted light field of the far field to form a total light field, and extracting phases according to the total light field;
if the extraction phase is converged, outputting a full image;
if the extraction phase is not converged, replacing the transmission light field of the near field and the transmission light field of the far field by plane waves or spherical waves to generate a correction light field of the near field and a correction light field of the far field;
transmitting the correction light field of the near field and the correction light field of the far field from a holographic end to an image end respectively by using an angular spectrum method and a Fresnel diffraction method; and
the amplitudes of the corrected light field in the near field and the corrected light field in the far field are adaptively replaced according to the saliency of the respective region of the image.
12. The stereoscopic holography display system as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a light source for providing the light beam to the projector directly or through a beam splitter; and
and the optical combiner is arranged in front of the viewer and is used for receiving the light beam directly or through the optical splitter.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the optical combiner comprises a semi-transmissive coated concave mirror.
14. The stereoscopic holographic display system of claim 12, wherein the photosynthetic device comprises a windshield of an automobile.
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