CN112467772A - 一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN112467772A
CN112467772A CN202011373753.9A CN202011373753A CN112467772A CN 112467772 A CN112467772 A CN 112467772A CN 202011373753 A CN202011373753 A CN 202011373753A CN 112467772 A CN112467772 A CN 112467772A
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energy storage
power grid
power
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grid frequency
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韩其国
潘俊
潘生华
梁一桥
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
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    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/14—Energy storage units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统及方法，本发明利用电网能量管理系统EMS、区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器，及其各分布式储能装置的监控单元组成的网络，当电网大功率输电线路发生故障，区域电网产生了相应的有功缺额时，电网频率支撑协调器根据当时系统有功功率缺额和各储能装置的荷电状态，快速计算出每套储能装置需要承担的紧急支撑功率，通过光纤或无线下发至各储能装置，储能装置在一定的时刻、以一定的时长开始向系统提供有功支撑，从而短时内取得抑制频率下降的效果。该发明能在一定的程度上提升频率下降的最低点，为后续电网其他备用发电功率的投入创造了条件、争取了时间，具有重要的工程应用价值。

Description

一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种针对区域电网频率稳定的支撑技术，具体是基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统及方法，解决在区域电网出现有功功率缺额而导致的系统频率下降问题。
背景技术
在中国沿海一带，随着特高压交直流输电线路相继接入电网，某些区域电网发展成为一个特高压交直流互联、1000MW级大型发电机组作为主干支撑的庞大而复杂的电力系统。特高压输电的接入，一方面为区域电网注入了大量的外来电力，另一方面由于大容量输电通道故障概率的存在，也给区域电网安全稳定运行带来了新的挑战，主要体现在特高压交直流线路或变电设备出现故障(如直流输电单极或双极闭锁)，会造成区域电网短时间源荷严重不平衡，导致电网频率的大幅度下降，严重威胁着电网的安全稳定运行。
为了解决这一问题，目前一般综合采用多直流输电功率提升、抽蓄电站切泵等措施来平衡电网功率的缺额，但上述措施在特高压直流双极闭锁的严重故障下仍不足以阻止电网频率的跌落。目前快速精准切负荷措施依然是必要的预备手段，大功率切负荷就意味着大面积的停电，这一手段对工业生产、人民生活依然会造成严重的影响。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提出一种基于分布式高密度储能装置的区域电网频率支撑技术，以解决以上问题。
一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统，包括电网能量管理系统、电网频率支撑协调器、多个分布式储能单元；每个分布式储能单元通过光纤或无线与区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器连接，电网频率支撑协调器通过光纤与电网能量管理系统EMS相连。
作为优选，所述的电网频率支撑协调器，具体功率协调支持算法如下：系统的有功缺额信号ΔP为系统的总负荷PL减去系统故障的特高压交直流的实时传输
功率PT。由此，得到系统总有功缺额ΔP与分布式储能总有功支持量PS的关系，如式(1)、(2)所示。
ΔP＝PL-PT (1)
PS＝K·ΔP (2)
其中公式(2)中系数K为储能对于系统的有功补偿率；K值的大小决定了储能安装容量的大小，其中K的取值范围小于1。
每个分布式储能装置容量的分配，按公式(3)计算。
P1＝K1·PS
P2＝K2·PS
Figure BDA0002806785490000021
PN＝KN·PS (3)
其中K1、K2、…KN的值，由下式计算：
Figure BDA0002806785490000022
Figure BDA0002806785490000023
Figure BDA0002806785490000025
Figure BDA0002806785490000024
上式中：S1、S2、…、SN分别为第1、2、…、N分布式储能单元的额定容量。计算出的每个分布式储能单元需要承担的有功补偿能量P1、P2……PN，通过光纤或无作为优选，所述的电网频率支撑协调器具有通讯和远动的功能。
作为优选，所述的储能单元分布在交流母线上。
作为优选，所述的分布式储能单元包括能量单元，大功率多电平逆变器，监控单元；其中能量单位为超级电容或电化学能电池。
一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统的支撑方法，具体为：当电网特高压交直流输电线路发生故障时，区域电网产生了相应的有功缺额，电网能量管理系统感知后便向区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器发出功率紧急支撑指令，电网频率支撑协调器根据当时各分布式储能单元的荷电状态，得出各分布式储能单元需要承担的紧急支撑功率，通过光纤或无线下将信号发至各分布式储能单元，各分布式储能单元提供有功支撑，抑制故障发生时系统电网频率的下降。
本发明可用于解决电网在发生特高压直流输电闭锁故障时的系统频率下降问题，具有重要的工程应用价值。
附图说明
图1：本发明系统控制网络连接图；
图2：本发明电网频率支撑协调软件流程图；
图3：不同容量储能参与系统频率支持仿真图；
图4：不同动作时机储能参与系统频率支持仿真图；
图5：不同支持时长储能参与系统频率支持仿真图。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图对本技术作进一步说明。
高密度储能装置分布在电网110kV变电所的10kV或35kV交流母线上，其容量按变电所的负荷比例配置。在区域电力调控中心配置一套电网频率支撑协调器，其具有通讯、远动等功能，各储能装置的监控单元通过光纤或无线与区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器连接，另外，电网频率支撑协调器通过光纤与电网能量管理系统(EMS)相连，具体连接见图1。
当电网特高压交直流输电线路发生故障时，电网侧能量管理系统(EMS)感知故障信号以及功率缺额信息，发给区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器，电网频率支撑协调器根据当时各储能装置的荷电状态，快速计算出每套储能装置需要承担的紧急支撑功率，协调控制软件流程如图2所示。
为了抑制系统大功率波动下的频率稳定，储能电站的容量应该设置较合适的值。具体功率协调支持算法如下：参见图2，系统的有功缺额信号ΔP为系统的总负荷PL减去系统故障的特高压交直流实时传输功率PT。由此，可以得到系统总有功缺额ΔP与分布式储能总有功支持量PS的关系，如式(1)、(2)所示。
ΔP＝PL-PT (1)
PS＝K·ΔP (2)
其中公式(2)中系数K为储能对于系统的有功补偿率。K 值的大小决定了储能安装容量的大小，其中K的取值范围小于1。
每个分布式储能装置容量的分配，按公式(3)计算。
Figure BDA0002806785490000041
其中K1、K2、…KN的值，由下式计算：
Figure BDA0002806785490000042
Figure BDA0002806785490000043
Figure BDA0002806785490000044
Figure BDA0002806785490000045
上式中：S1、S2、…、SN分别为第1、2、…、N储能装置的额定容量。
计算出的每个储能装置需要承担的有功补偿能量P1、P2……PN，通过光纤或无线下发给高密度储能装置的控制器，进行快速的补偿响应。
储能装置以不同的容量配置比例、不同的动作时机、不同的支持时长，其对频率的支持效果会有不同，具体实施时需要制定支持策略。
本发明的技术验证通过BPA仿真软件，模拟某省在特高压直流输电闭锁时的电网频率下跌及其通过储能支持的频率恢复效果，支撑策略考虑了储能装置的支持容量、动作时机、支持时长，图3-5分别为储能装置以不同的容量、不同的动作时机、不同的支持时长，电网频率恢复的仿真波形图。其结果验证了本发明可行性和有效性。
本发明的工作原理是：当电网特高压交直流输电线路发生故障时，区域电网产生了相应的有功缺额，电网侧能量管理系统(EMS)感知后便向电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器发出功率紧急支撑指令，电网频率支撑协调器根据当时各储能装置的荷电状态，快速计算出每套储能装置需要承担的紧急支撑功率，通过光纤或无线下发至各储能装置，于是紧急支援功率在一定的时刻、以一定的时长开始向系统提供有功支撑，从而短时内取得抑制频率下降的效果，在一定的程度上提升了频率下降的最低点，为后续电网其他备用发电功率的投入创造了条件、争取了时间。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统，其特征在于：包括电网能量管理系统、电网频率支撑协调器、多个分布式储能单元；每个分布式储能单元通过光纤或无线与区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器连接，电网频率支撑协调器通过光纤与电网能量管理系统EMS相连。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统，其特征在于：
所述的电网频率支撑协调器，具体功率协调支持算法如下：系统的有功缺额信号ΔP为系统的总负荷PL减去系统故障的特高压交直流的实时传输功率PT；由此，得到系统总有功缺额ΔP与分布式储能总有功支持量PS的关系，如式(1)、(2)所示；
ΔP＝PL-PT (1)
PS＝K·ΔP (2)
其中公式(2)中系数K为储能对于系统的有功补偿率；K值的大小决定了储能安装容量的大小，其中K的取值范围小于1；
每个分布式储能装置容量的分配，按公式(3)计算；
P1＝K1·PS
P2＝K2·PS
Figure FDA0002806785480000011
PN＝KN·PS (3)
其中K1、K2、…KN的值，由下式计算：
Figure FDA0002806785480000012
Figure FDA0002806785480000013
Figure FDA0002806785480000014
Figure FDA0002806785480000015
上式中：S1、S2、…、SN分别为第1、2、…、N分布式储能单元的额定容量；计算出的每个分布式储能单元需要承担的有功补偿能量P1、P2……PN，通过光纤或无线下发给各储能装置的控制器，进行快速的补偿响应。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统，其特征在于：所述的电网频率支撑协调器具有通讯和远动的功能。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统，其特征在于：所述的储能单元分布在交流母线上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统，其特征在于：所述的分布式储能单元包括能量单元，大功率多电平逆变器，监控单元；其中能量单位为超级电容或电化学能电池。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统的支撑方法，其特征在于：当电网特高压交直流输电线路发生故障时，区域电网产生了相应的有功缺额，电网能量管理系统感知后便向区域电力调控中心的电网频率支撑协调器发出功率紧急支撑指令，电网频率支撑协调器根据当时各分布式储能单元的荷电状态，得出各分布式储能单元需要承担的紧急支撑功率，通过光纤或无线下将信号发至各分布式储能单元，各分布式储能单元提供有功支撑，抑制故障发生时系统电网频率的下降。
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Citations (2)

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US20140092375A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Monitoring and management for energy storage devices
CN111224408A (zh) * 2020-01-10 2020-06-02 国网浙江省电力有限公司绍兴供电公司 一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140092375A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Monitoring and management for energy storage devices
CN111224408A (zh) * 2020-01-10 2020-06-02 国网浙江省电力有限公司绍兴供电公司 一种基于分布式储能装置的区域电网频率支撑系统

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