CN112467354B - Tunable ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and impedance tuning method thereof - Google Patents

Tunable ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and impedance tuning method thereof Download PDF

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CN112467354B
CN112467354B CN201910840861.3A CN201910840861A CN112467354B CN 112467354 B CN112467354 B CN 112467354B CN 201910840861 A CN201910840861 A CN 201910840861A CN 112467354 B CN112467354 B CN 112467354B
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arm
rfid tag
tuning
antenna
tag antenna
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CN112467354A (en
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苏奎任
朱吉涵
刘才
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G06K19/0726—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement including a circuit for tuning the resonance frequency of an antenna on the record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna and an impedance tuning method thereof, the ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna comprises a PCB board, a radiation arm and a feed loop, wherein the radiation arm is arranged on the PCB board, the radiation arm comprises two end parts and a middle part positioned between the two end parts, one end part of the radiation arm is coupled to the feed loop, and the ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna further comprises: a real tuning arm soldered on the PCB board, and one end of the real tuning arm is coupled to a middle portion of the radiation arm; and the two ends of the imaginary part tuning arm are respectively coupled to different position points on the feed ring. By implementing the technical scheme of the invention, the antenna shape can be changed by adjusting the positions of the real part tuning arm and the imaginary part tuning arm, so that the antenna impedance can be flexibly modified to adapt to RFID chips with different input impedances. In addition, the design difficulty and the design cost of the antenna are reduced.

Description

Tunable ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and impedance tuning method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio frequency, in particular to a tunable ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and an impedance tuning method thereof.
Background
RFID tag antennas are an important component of RFID systems, whose performance directly affects the overall RFID system. The traditional ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna mainly comprises a radiation arm, a feed loop and a chip connection point, wherein the length of the radiation arm is close to the wavelength lambda/4 of electromagnetic waves; the feed loop adopts an inductive coupling feed loop to feed power and provides an inductive reactance part of the antenna impedance; the chip connection point is used for connecting the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag chip.
The manufacturing process of the traditional ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna is as follows:
drawing an antenna model through HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator high-frequency structure simulation) software, and performing simulation analysis;
the impedance of the antenna is calculated according to Maxwell's equation set and the radio frequency transmission line, and then different impedances are realized in software by adjusting the shape of the antenna;
according to the maximum power transmission principle, the real part of the antenna impedance needs to be equal to the real part of the chip impedance, and the imaginary part of the antenna impedance needs to be the negative number of the imaginary part of the chip impedance. The impedance of the chip and the impedance of the antenna generate resonance in an applied radio frequency band, so that impedance matching is realized.
However, the antenna manufactured in this way has the following drawbacks:
1. after the antenna is designed, the antenna impedance is fixed;
2. it is necessary to know the exact impedance of the uhf RFID tag chip, which can lead to antenna and chip mismatch if the chip impedance becomes poor.
3. Because the electrical parameters of the actual antenna materials have differences, the antenna needs to be continuously reworked and redesigned according to the effect of the actual test, and the workload is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a tunable ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and an impedance tuning method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a structure tunable hyperfrequency RFID tag antenna, includes the PCB board and sets up radiation arm and the feed ring on the PCB board, the radiation arm includes two tip and is located the intermediate part between two tip, one of them tip coupling of radiation arm to the feed ring still includes:
a real tuning arm soldered on the PCB board, and one end of the real tuning arm is coupled to a middle portion of the radiation arm;
and the two ends of the imaginary part tuning arm are respectively coupled to different position points on the feed ring.
Preferably, the feed ring is bilaterally symmetrical in shape, and,
the radiating arms comprise two radiating arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two radiating arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed ring;
the real part tuning arms comprise two real part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two real part tuning arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop;
the imaginary part tuning arms comprise two imaginary part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises a radiating end which is arranged on the PCB board and used for increasing the radar cross section area of the antenna, and the radiating end is coupled to the other end of the radiating arm.
Preferably, the feed ring is bilaterally symmetrical in shape, and,
the radiating arms comprise two radiating arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two radiating arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed ring;
the real part tuning arms comprise two real part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two real part tuning arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop;
the imaginary part tuning arms comprise two imaginary part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right;
the radiation ends comprise two radiation ends which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two radiation ends are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop.
Preferably, the radiation arm is bent, S-shaped and spiral.
Preferably, the feed ring is rectangular, square, round, trapezoid or a combination pattern of rectangular and trapezoid.
Preferably, the radiation end is square, round, rectangular.
The invention also constructs an impedance tuning method of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna, when the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna is manufactured and a chip is attached, the following steps are carried out:
the impedance imaginary part of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna is adjusted by welding and debugging an imaginary part tuning arm on the PCB, and resonance frequency points of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and the RFID chip are observed through a tag performance test instrument, so that the position of the imaginary part tuning arm corresponding to the resonance frequency point when the resonance frequency point is at a working frequency point is determined;
the real part tuning arm is welded and debugged on the PCB to adjust the impedance real part of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna, and the input reflection coefficients of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and the RFID chip are observed through a tag performance test instrument, so that the position of the real part tuning arm corresponding to the minimum input reflection coefficient is determined.
After the antenna is designed, the antenna shape can be changed by adjusting the positions of the real part tuning arm and the imaginary part tuning arm, so that the antenna impedance can be flexibly modified to adapt to RFID chips with different input impedances. In addition, for RFID chips with different input impedances, the antenna is not required to be designed repeatedly, and only one-time design is required, so that the design difficulty and the design cost of the antenna can be reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation plot of real and imaginary impedance versus frequency;
FIG. 3 is a simulation of the input reflection coefficient versus frequency;
fig. 4 is an antenna gain diagram;
fig. 5 is a current field distribution diagram of the antenna.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The detailed description/examples set forth herein are specific embodiments of the invention and are intended to be illustrative and exemplary of the concepts of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to adopt other obvious solutions based on the disclosure of the claims and specification of the present application, including those adopting any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments described herein, all within the scope of the present invention. In addition, embodiments and features in the embodiments in this application may be combined with each other without conflict, and the order of steps in the following embodiments may be adjusted without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a first embodiment of a tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of the present invention, which comprises a PCB board, a radiating arm 11, a feed loop 12, a radiating end 13, a real tuning arm 14, an imaginary tuning arm 15, and a chip connection point 16. The radiating arm 11, the feed ring 12 and the radiating end 13 are arranged on a PCB board, i.e. the shape and position of the antenna are fixed after the antenna is manufactured. The real part tuning arm 14 and the imaginary part tuning arm 15 are welded on the PCB, namely, after the antenna is manufactured, the positions of the real part tuning arm and the imaginary part tuning arm can be changed through manual operation, so that the aim of adjusting the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna is fulfilled. The radiation arm 11 has a length close to the electromagnetic wave wavelength λ/4, and includes two end portions and an intermediate portion located between the two end portions. The feed loop 12 feeds using an inductively coupled feed loop to provide an inductive reactance portion of the antenna impedance. The radiating tip 13 serves to increase the radar cross-sectional area of the antenna, although it may be omitted in other embodiments. A chip connection point 16 is provided on the feed loop 12 and is used for accessing the RFID chip.
In this embodiment one of the ends of the radiating arm 11 is coupled to the feed loop 12, the other end of the radiating arm 11 is coupled to the radiating tip 13, one end of the real tuning arm 14 is coupled to the middle of the radiating arm 11, and both ends of the imaginary tuning arm 15 are coupled to different points on the feed loop 12, respectively.
By implementing the technical scheme of the embodiment, after the antenna is designed, the antenna shape can be changed by adjusting the positions of the real part tuning arm 14 and the imaginary part tuning arm 15, so that the antenna impedance can be flexibly modified to adapt to RFID chips with different input impedances. In addition, for RFID chips with different input impedances, the antenna is not required to be designed repeatedly, and only one-time design is required, so that the design difficulty and the design cost of the antenna can be reduced.
Further, the shape of the feed ring 12 is bilaterally symmetrical, and the radiation arm 11 includes two radiation arms which are bilaterally symmetrically disposed, and which are disposed on the left and right sides of the feed ring 12, respectively; the real part tuning arms 14 comprise two symmetrically arranged real part tuning arms which are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop 12; the imaginary part tuning arm 15 comprises two imaginary part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right; the radiation ends 13 include two radiation ends which are disposed symmetrically left and right, and are disposed on the left and right sides of the feed ring 12, respectively.
Further, the radiating arm 11 is bent, so that the area of the antenna can be reduced, and in other embodiments, the radiating arm 11 can be S-shaped, spiral, etc.
Further, the feed ring 12 is a combination of rectangular and trapezoidal patterns, although in other embodiments, it may be rectangular, square, circular, trapezoidal, or other regular or irregular patterns.
Further, the radiating tip 13 is rectangular, although in other embodiments, it may be square, circular, or other regular or irregular patterns.
The invention also constructs an impedance tuning method of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna, in one embodiment, after the antenna is manufactured and a chip is attached, the following steps are carried out:
the impedance imaginary part of the antenna is adjusted by welding and debugging an imaginary part tuning arm on the PCB, and resonance frequency points of the antenna and the RFID chip are observed through a tag performance test instrument, so that the position of the imaginary part tuning arm corresponding to the resonance frequency point when the resonance frequency point is at a working frequency point is determined;
the real part tuning arm is welded and debugged on the PCB to adjust the real part of impedance of the antenna, and the input reflection coefficients of the antenna and the RFID chip are observed through a tag performance testing instrument to determine the position of the real part tuning arm corresponding to the minimum input reflection coefficient.
In one specific example, the antenna may be fabricated by:
drawing an antenna model through HFSS software, and performing simulation analysis;
and then realizing different impedances by adjusting the shape of the antenna in software according to Maxwell's equation set and radio frequency transmission line theory, wherein the calculation formulas of the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance are as follows:
Figure BDA0002193659890000071
X in ＝2πfL loop
wherein R is in As the real part of impedance, X in M represents mutual inductance between the radiating arm and the feed loop, R r Is the radiation resistance of the antenna, L loop For the inductance value of the feed loop, f is the working frequency point of the antenna, as shown in fig. 2, m2 represents the relation curve of the real part of the impedance and the frequency, and m1 represents the relation curve of the imaginary part of the impedance and the frequency.
According to the maximum power transmission principle, the real part of the impedance of the antenna is equal to the real part of the impedance of the chip, the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna is the negative number of the imaginary part of the impedance of the chip, and the impedance of the chip and the impedance of the antenna generate resonance in an applied radio frequency band so as to realize impedance matching.
After the antenna is manufactured, a chip is attached, so that impedance test can be performed, specifically:
observing resonant frequency points of the antenna and the chip through a tag performance test instrument, and adjusting impedance imaginary parts of the antenna through welding and debugging an imaginary part tuning arm on the PCB board so that the final resonant frequency point is at a working frequency point;
and observing resonance S11 parameters of the antenna and the chip through a tag performance test instrument, and adjusting the real impedance part of the antenna through welding and debugging the real part tuning arm on the PCB, so that the final S11 parameters reach the best matching effect at the working frequency point.
The real part tuning arm and the imaginary part tuning arm are manually and repeatedly adjusted to enable the antenna to be matched with the chip to achieve an optimal effect, and the optimal effect is as follows: as shown in fig. 3, when the operating frequency point is 925MHz, the S11 parameter is minimal, and as shown in fig. 4, the antenna gain can reach 1.7299, and at this time, the real and imaginary tuning arms short-circuit the radiating end, a portion of the radiating arm, and a portion of the feed loop (black portion) in combination with fig. 5.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any such modifications, equivalents, and improvements that fall within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be covered by the following claims.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a tunable hyperfrequency RFID tag antenna, includes the PCB board and sets up radiation arm and the feed ring on the PCB board, the radiation arm includes two tip and is located the intermediate part between two tip, one of them tip coupling of radiation arm to the feed ring, its characterized in that still includes:
a real tuning arm soldered on the PCB board, and one end of the real tuning arm is coupled to a middle portion of the radiation arm;
and the two ends of the imaginary part tuning arm are respectively coupled to different position points on the feed ring.
2. The tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed loop is bilaterally symmetrical in shape and,
the radiating arms comprise two radiating arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two radiating arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed ring;
the real part tuning arms comprise two real part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two real part tuning arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop;
the imaginary part tuning arms comprise two imaginary part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right.
3. The tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radiating tip disposed on the PCB for increasing a radar cross-sectional area of the antenna, and the radiating tip coupled to the other end of the radiating arm.
4. A tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna according to claim 3,
the feed ring is bilaterally symmetrical in shape, and,
the radiating arms comprise two radiating arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two radiating arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed ring;
the real part tuning arms comprise two real part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two real part tuning arms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop;
the imaginary part tuning arms comprise two imaginary part tuning arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right;
the radiation ends comprise two radiation ends which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the two radiation ends are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the feed loop.
5. The tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the radiating arm is bent, S-shaped, spiral.
6. The tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the feed loop is rectangular, square, circular, trapezoidal, or a combination of rectangular and trapezoidal patterns.
7. The tunable ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the radiating tip is square, circular, rectangular.
8. A method for tuning the impedance of an ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that after the ultra-high frequency RFID tag antenna is fabricated and attached with a chip, the following steps are performed:
the impedance imaginary part of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna is adjusted on the PCB by changing the position of the welded imaginary part tuning arm, and resonance frequency points of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and the RFID chip are observed through a tag performance test instrument, so that the position of the imaginary part tuning arm corresponding to the resonance frequency point when the resonance frequency point is at a working frequency point is determined;
the real part of impedance of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna is adjusted by changing the position of the welded real part tuning arm on the PCB, and the input reflection coefficients of the ultrahigh frequency RFID tag antenna and the RFID chip are observed through a tag performance testing instrument, so that the position of the real part tuning arm corresponding to the minimum input reflection coefficient is determined.
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CN113629394A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-09 山东炎一智能科技有限公司 Method and device for adjusting central frequency point frequency of antenna
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CN208970742U (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-06-11 广东技术师范学院 It applies in the wide band RFIDnt ultra-high frequency label antenna of 860 ~ 960MHz
CN109888455A (en) * 2019-02-16 2019-06-14 江苏中科智睿物联网科技有限公司 A kind of novel efficient broadband washer wrinkle fabric label antenna

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CN104638356A (en) * 2015-01-30 2015-05-20 董健 Inductive coupling type equally-spaced bending dipole RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag antenna
CN208970742U (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-06-11 广东技术师范学院 It applies in the wide band RFIDnt ultra-high frequency label antenna of 860 ~ 960MHz
CN109888455A (en) * 2019-02-16 2019-06-14 江苏中科智睿物联网科技有限公司 A kind of novel efficient broadband washer wrinkle fabric label antenna

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