CN112467352B - Wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
Wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112467352B CN112467352B CN202011303061.7A CN202011303061A CN112467352B CN 112467352 B CN112467352 B CN 112467352B CN 202011303061 A CN202011303061 A CN 202011303061A CN 112467352 B CN112467352 B CN 112467352B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder line and a truncated grounding plate, wherein the radiation patch and the microstrip feeder line are printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and the truncated grounding plate is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch adopts a structure that three rectangular grooves are cut out from the middle of a rectangle, and a rectangular groove is cut out from the left lower part and the right lower part of the rectangle patch; the microstrip feeder is connected with the bottom of the radiation patch, and symmetrical quadrangles are arranged at the connection part. The invention adopts a rectangular patch and a rectangular slot digging structure as a radiation patch, thereby realizing miniaturization of the ultra-wideband antenna; by introducing U-shaped branches to generate stop bands, interference of different narrowband signals is effectively filtered, and mutual compatible cooperative communication of an ultra-wideband system and other narrowband communication systems is realized; by adding the diode switch on the U-shaped branch, the switch is controlled to be closed to realize different working states, so that the anti-interference capability is strong, and the practical value is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
The ultra-wideband technology has the advantages of high transmission rate, low power consumption, high resolution and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of radar remote sensing and military communication. After the ultra-wideband band of 3.1 to 10.6GHz has been divided into the field of civil communications by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 2002, ultra-wideband technology has attracted much attention from the academia and the business industries. The ultra-wideband antenna is used as a core component of the system, and the quality of the performance of the ultra-wideband antenna directly influences the transmission quality of the whole system.
Because the ultra-wideband system occupies very wide frequency band, many narrowband communication systems, such as WiMAX frequency band of 3.3-3.6GHz, C frequency band of 3.7-4.2GHz, and International telecommunication Union ITU frequency band of 8.01-8.5GHz, are included. These narrowband systems inevitably produce electromagnetic interference with ultra wideband systems. In order to avoid the interference of the narrowband signals, an ultra-wideband antenna with a notch characteristic needs to be designed, meanwhile, in order to meet the requirements of increasingly miniaturization and portability of current electronic products, the miniaturization design of the ultra-wideband antenna is a research hotspot at home and abroad at present, and the requirements of different communication systems also add necessity to the progress of reconfigurable technology.
In order to avoid electromagnetic interference existing between an ultra-wideband system and a narrowband system, a traditional method is to introduce a band-stop filter into the ultra-wideband system, but this clearly increases the volume, design complexity and cost of the system. Another simple approach is to introduce a notch structure in the ultra wideband antenna structure, such as etching a differently shaped slot in the radiating element, feed line or ground plate of the antenna, or introducing a parasitic element, etc. For example, references "Pan Yong, hou Zishe, zhao Ergang, ma Yongtao, xiong Jiang, were pleasing to the eye a rectangular loop frequency reconfigurable antenna design [ J ]]The notch ultra-wideband antenna with the reconfigurable characteristic is provided in university of south-open university (natural science edition), 2019, 52 (06): 7-11', the antenna adopts two round rectangular rings, one transverse rectangular belt and two elliptical ring structures as radiating units, a diode switch is loaded on the notch structures to realize the reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna, and the overall size of the antenna is 36 x 24 x 0.8mm 3 But the antenna has smaller relative bandwidth and larger physical size under different working conditions.
And as another patent name, reconfigurable supermodule with notch characteristicsThe Chinese patent with application number 201710048815.0 proposes a reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna with notch characteristics, which consists of a trapezoidal radiating element and a rectangular grounding plate, wherein the notch characteristics are generated by opening a semicircular groove on the trapezoidal radiating element, a diode switch is added on the notch structure, different working states are formed by controlling the switch to be closed, and the physical size of the antenna is 25 x 20 x 1.6mm 3 The same physical size is larger, the integration is not easy, and the relative bandwidth under different working conditions is smaller.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem solved by the invention is to provide the wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna which is simple in structure, small in size and stable in performance, interference of different narrowband signals can be filtered, and meanwhile, different working states of the antenna can be switched, so that the requirements of various communication systems are met.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a spanner-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder line and a truncated grounding plate, wherein the radiation patch and the microstrip feeder line are both printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and the truncated grounding plate is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is rectangular, a first rectangular groove, a second rectangular groove and a third rectangular groove are cut in the middle of the radiation patch, the first rectangular groove, the second rectangular groove and the third rectangular groove are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are mutually communicated, and a fourth rectangular groove and a fifth rectangular groove are cut at the left edge and the right edge of the lower part of the radiation patch; the microstrip feeder consists of two symmetrical quadrilateral patches, a trapezoid patch and a rectangular patch, and is connected with the bottom of the radiation patch.
By the aid of the wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna, a rectangular patch is used for digging a rectangular groove structure to serve as a radiation patch, and miniaturization of the ultra-wideband antenna is achieved; the interference of different narrowband signals can be filtered by generating a stop band in a mode of introducing a U-shaped branch on the radiation patch and generating the stop band in a mode of introducing the U-shaped branch on the rectangular patch, so that the mutual compatibility cooperative communication of an ultra-wideband system and other narrowband communication systems is realized; has the advantages of miniaturization, simple structure, good radiation characteristic, strong anti-interference capability and the like.
As a preferred implementation manner of the above technical solution, the wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes some or all of the following technical features:
as an improvement of the above technical solution, in one embodiment of the present invention, a first U-shaped branch with a downward opening is introduced into the second rectangular groove and the third rectangular groove, and a middle rectangular patch of the first U-shaped branch is located on a central axis of the radiating patch; and introducing a second U-shaped groove with an upward opening on the rectangular patch, wherein the second U-shaped groove surrounds the first rectangular groove, the second rectangular groove and the third rectangular groove.
Three rectangular groove structures are cut out from the middle of the rectangle, and a rectangular groove is cut out from the left and right of the lower part of the rectangle as a radiation patch, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is effectively expanded and the size of the antenna is reduced by utilizing the simple characteristics of the monopole antenna; the rectangular grooves are formed in the radiation patch, so that the current distribution characteristic of the surface of the antenna can be changed, the current path of the surface of the antenna is increased, and the low-frequency band width of the antenna is expanded; the introduction of the U-shaped branches can generate stop band characteristics and flexibly adjust the center frequency and bandwidth of the notch by adjusting the vertical length and the horizontal length of the U-shaped branches.
Further, the horizontal length of the rectangular patch is 24mm, and the vertical length of the rectangular patch is 13mm; the horizontal length of the first rectangular groove is 9.0mm, and the vertical length of the first rectangular groove is 4.9mm; the horizontal length of the second rectangular groove is 7.4mm, and the vertical length of the second rectangular groove is 3.0mm; the horizontal length of the third rectangular groove is 3mm, and the vertical length of the third rectangular groove is 2.5mm; the horizontal length of the fourth rectangular groove is 1.90mm, and the vertical length of the fourth rectangular groove is 1.08mm; the horizontal length of the fifth rectangular groove is 1.2mm, and the vertical length of the fifth rectangular groove is 1.08mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the second U-shaped groove has a vertical length of 10.5-10.9mm, a horizontal length of 11.0-11.4mm and a thickness of 0.5mm.
Further, the vertical length of the first U-shaped branch is 4.1-4.5mm, the horizontal length is 2.5-3.0mm, and the thickness is 0.2mm.
The notch characteristic is generated by adopting the method of introducing the U-shaped branches, the structure is simple, the filter design is replaced, the design cost and complexity are reduced, the processing is convenient, and the production is convenient.
Optionally, the length of the shorter side of the quadrangular patch is 0.9-1.0mm, the length of the longer side is 4.4-4.8mm, and the length of the top end of the longer side of the quadrangular patch from the central axis of the radiation patch is 2.4-2.7mm; the upper side length of the trapezoid patch is 0.9-1.0mm, and the lower side length of the trapezoid patch is 2.9-3.2mm; the rectangular patch has a horizontal length of 2.9-3.2mm and a vertical length of 3.9-4.2mm.
Optionally, a third U-shaped groove is introduced into the rectangular patch, and the third U-shaped groove is symmetrically arranged at two sides of the central axis of the dielectric substrate and a diode switch is introduced into the third U-shaped groove.
Further, the diode switch on the third U-shaped groove controls the working state of the antenna, the vertical length of the third U-shaped groove is 3.0-3.3mm, the horizontal length of the third U-shaped groove is 0.9-1.2mm, the thickness of the third U-shaped groove is 0.1mm, the horizontal length of the diode switch is 0.41mm, and the vertical length of the diode switch is 0.41mm.
By introducing the diode switch on the U-shaped branch, the reconfigurable characteristic of the notch ultra-wideband antenna is realized, and the operating state of the antenna can be freely switched.
Optionally, the height of the truncated ground plate is 8.3-8.5mm.
By adopting the truncated grounding plate structure, gradual resonance characteristics can be generated, so that the antenna can be smoothly transited from one resonance mode to another resonance mode, and the antenna performance is further improved.
Further, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 1.6mm, and the length and the width of the dielectric substrate are 24mm and 16mm respectively.
By the above, adopt the planarization structure, the size is less, compact structure, be convenient for realize with the integration of radio frequency front-end circuit.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as well as to provide further clarity and understanding of the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention, as described in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view block diagram of a wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear block diagram of a wrench shaped notch reconfigurable ultra wideband antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of return loss for a wrench shaped notch reconfigurable ultra wideband antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of return loss versus operating state for a wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a radiation pattern of the wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 4 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a radiation pattern of the wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 6 GHz;
fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of the wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at the 8GHz frequency point.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the principles of the invention by way of example and by way of a further explanation of the principles of the invention, and its features and advantages will be apparent from the detailed description. In the drawings to which reference is made, the same or similar components in different drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the spanned notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention comprises a dielectric substrate 10, a radiation patch 20, a microstrip feed line 30 and a truncated ground plate 40, wherein the radiation patch 20 and the microstrip feed line 30 are combined into a spanned shape and printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the truncated ground plate 40 is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 10. As shown in fig. 4, the radiation patch 20 adopts a rectangular shape with a first rectangular groove 21, a second rectangular groove 23, and a third rectangular groove 24 cut out in the middle, the first rectangular groove 21, the second rectangular groove 23, and the third rectangular groove 24 are sequentially disposed from top to bottom and are mutually communicated, and a fourth rectangular groove 26 and a fifth rectangular groove 27 are cut out at the left and right edges of the lower part of the rectangle. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substantially rectangular shape is a radiating element, the rectangular patch 20 has a horizontal length of 24mm and a vertical length of 13mm. The first rectangular recess 21 has a horizontal length of 9.0mm and a vertical length of 4.9mm. The second rectangular groove 23 has a horizontal length of 7.4mm and a vertical length of 3.0mm. The third rectangular recess 24 has a horizontal length of 3mm and a vertical length of 2.5mm. The fourth rectangular recess 26 has a horizontal length of 1.90mm and a vertical length of 1.08mm. The fifth rectangular groove 27 has a horizontal length of 1.2mm and a vertical length of 1.08mm.
In addition, a second U-shaped groove 22 is introduced on the radiation patch 20, and a first U-shaped branch 25 is introduced in the second rectangular groove 23 and the third rectangular groove 24. The second U-shaped groove 22 has a vertical length of 10.5-10.9mm and a horizontal length of 11.0-11.4mm. Preferably, the second U-shaped groove 22 has a vertical length of 10.7mm and a horizontal length of 11.2mm. The first U-shaped branch 25 has a vertical length of 4.1-4.5mm and a horizontal length of 2.5-3.0mm, and the middle rectangular patch of the first U-shaped branch 25 is located on the central axis of the radiating patch 20. Preferably, the first U-shaped branch 25 has a vertical length of 4.1mm and a horizontal length of 0.4mm.
The bottom of the radiation patch 20 is connected with a microstrip feeder 30, the microstrip feeder 30 is composed of two symmetrical quadrilateral patches 31, a trapezoid patch 32 and a rectangular patch 33, wherein the length of the shorter side of the quadrilateral patch 31 is 0.9-1.0mm, the length of the longer side is 4.4-4.8mm, and the length of the top end of the longer side of the quadrilateral is 2.4-2.7mm from the central axis; the upper side length of the trapezoid patch 32 is 0.9-1.0mm, and the lower side length is 2.9-3.2mm; the rectangular patch 33 has a horizontal length of 2.9-3.2mm and a vertical length of 3.9-4.2mm. The third U-shaped groove 34 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central axis of the dielectric substrate 10 and a diode switch 36 is introduced on the third U-shaped groove 34.
The truncated grounding plate 40 is printed on the lower side of the back surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the microstrip feeder 30 is located on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the position of the microstrip feeder corresponds to the position of the slot of the truncated grounding plate 40 on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the truncated grounding plate 40 can generate gradual resonance characteristics, so that the antenna can generate stable transition from one resonance mode to another resonance mode, and the performance of the antenna is further improved.
The ultra-wideband antenna in this embodiment is printed on a dielectric substrate 10 of FR4 epoxy resin material having a length, width and thickness of 24mm, 16mm and 1.6mm, respectively, the dielectric substrate 10 having a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.024.
The rectangular patch is a radiation unit, three rectangular grooves are formed in the middle of the radiation patch, rectangular grooves are formed in the left and right of the lower portion of the radiation patch, two U-shaped branches are introduced into the middle of the radiation patch, the feeder line consists of the rectangular patch, the trapezoidal patch and two quadrangles which are symmetrical, the U-shaped branches are introduced into the middle of the rectangular feeder line, and the U-shaped branches are located on two sides of the central axis of the medium substrate.
In order to further illustrate the good performance of the spanner-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna, the invention is subjected to modeling simulation of radio frequency characteristics by using electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.
Referring to fig. 4, the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna with return loss smaller than-10 dB completely meets the ultra-wideband frequency band range, and generates better notch characteristics in the frequency bands of 2.8-3.8GHz and 8.1-8.6GHz, thereby effectively filtering electromagnetic interference caused by three narrowband signals of microwave internet WiMAX wave band, C wave band and International telecommunication Union ITU wave band.
Referring to fig. 5, the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention can further realize different working states by controlling the closing state of the switch, so as to satisfy the application of the notch ultra-wideband antenna in various communication systems, satisfy the actual requirements, and realize the reconfigurable characteristic of the notch ultra-wideband antenna.
Referring to fig. 6, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 4GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the E-plane pattern of the antenna presents directional radiation in the shape of "8", and the H-plane pattern of the antenna approximates to a circle, and presents omnidirectional radiation characteristics.
Referring to fig. 7, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 6GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 7, the E-plane pattern of the antenna presents directional radiation in the shape of "8", and the H-plane pattern of the antenna approximates to a circle, and presents omnidirectional radiation characteristics.
Referring to fig. 8, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 8GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 8, the E-plane pattern of the antenna presents directional radiation in the shape of "8", the H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and presents omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and the antenna has better omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the entire passband frequency band.
The simulation analysis shows that the working bandwidth of the antenna completely meets the ultra-wideband frequency range, has good stop band characteristics in the 2.8-3.8GHz frequency band, can filter microwave Internet WiMAX wave band and C wave band simultaneously, has good stop band characteristics in the 8.1-8.6GHz frequency band, can filter electromagnetic interference generated by an international telecommunication union ITU wave band narrow-band communication system, and has basically stable peak gain and omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the passband frequency band, so that the antenna has greater practical value.
The wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna disclosed by the embodiment has the advantages of miniaturization, simple structure, good radiation characteristic, strong anti-interference capability, stable performance and the like, the rectangular structure is adopted as a radiation patch, the miniaturization of the ultra-wideband antenna is realized, a stop band is generated by introducing a parasitic branch (U-shaped branch), the interference of WiMAX and C wave bands and three narrow-band signals of the International telecommunication Union ITU is filtered, the mutual compatible cooperative communication of an ultra-wideband system and other narrow-band communication systems is realized, and the reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna is realized by introducing a diode switch on the U-shaped branch. In addition, the central frequency and the bandwidth of the notch can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the horizontal and vertical lengths of the U-shaped branches, and the notch has the characteristic of adjustable notch. In addition, the invention adopts a method of introducing U-shaped branches to generate the notch characteristic, has simple structure, replaces the filter design, reduces the design cost and complexity, is convenient to process and produce, adopts a planarization structure, has smaller size and compact structure, and is convenient to integrate with a radio frequency front-end circuit.
While the invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a spanner shape notch reconfigurable ultra wide band antenna, includes dielectric substrate (10), radiation paster (20), microstrip feeder (30) and truncates ground plate (40), its characterized in that:
the radiation patch (20) and the microstrip feeder line (30) are combined into a spanner shape and are printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate (10), and the truncated grounding plate (40) is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate (10);
the radiation patch (20) is rectangular, a first rectangular groove (21), a second rectangular groove (23) and a third rectangular groove (24) are cut in the middle, the first rectangular groove (21), the second rectangular groove (23) and the third rectangular groove (24) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are communicated with each other, and a fourth rectangular groove (26) and a fifth rectangular groove (27) are cut at the left edge and the right edge of the lower part of the radiation patch (20);
the microstrip feeder line (30) is composed of two symmetrical quadrilateral patches (31), a trapezoid patch (32) and a rectangular patch (33), and the two quadrilateral patches (31) are connected with the bottom of the radiation patch (20).
2. The spanned notch reconfigurable ultra wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein a first U-shaped stub (25) is introduced with its opening facing downwards in the second rectangular recess (23) and the third rectangular recess (24), the first U-shaped stub (25) being supported by an intermediate rectangular patch located on the central axis of the radiating patch (20); a second U-shaped groove (22) which is opened upwards and encloses the first rectangular groove (21), the second rectangular groove (23) and the third rectangular groove (24) is introduced into the rectangular patch (20).
3. The spanners notch reconfigurable ultra wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein: the rectangular patch (20) has a horizontal length of 24mm and a vertical length of 13mm;
the horizontal length of the first rectangular groove (21) is 9.0mm, and the vertical length of the first rectangular groove is 4.9mm;
the horizontal length of the second rectangular groove (23) is 7.4mm, and the vertical length thereof is 3.0mm;
the horizontal length of the third rectangular groove (24) is 3mm, and the vertical length of the third rectangular groove is 2.5mm;
the horizontal length of the fourth rectangular groove (26) is 1.90mm, and the vertical length thereof is 1.08mm;
the horizontal length of the fifth rectangular groove (27) is 1.2mm, and the vertical length thereof is 1.08mm.
4. A wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 3, wherein: the second U-shaped groove (22) has a vertical length of 10.5-10.9mm, a horizontal length of 11.0-11.4mm and a thickness of 0.5mm.
5. A wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 3, wherein: the vertical length of the first U-shaped branch (25) is 4.1-4.5mm, the horizontal length is 2.5-3.0mm, and the thickness is 0.2mm.
6. The wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length of the shorter side of the quadrilateral patch (31) is 0.9-1.0mm, the length of the longer side is 4.4-4.8mm, and the length of the top end of the longer side of the quadrilateral is 2.4-2.7mm from the central axis of the radiation patch (20);
the upper side length of the trapezoid patch (32) is 0.9-1.0mm, and the lower side length is 2.9-3.2mm;
the rectangular patch (33) has a horizontal length of 2.9-3.2mm and a vertical length of 3.9-4.2mm.
7. The wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of claim 6, wherein: and a third U-shaped groove (34) is introduced into the rectangular patch (33), the third U-shaped groove (34) is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the dielectric substrate (10), and a diode switch (36) is introduced into the third U-shaped groove (34).
8. The wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of claim 7, wherein: the diode switch (36) on the third U-shaped groove (34) controls the working state of the antenna, the vertical length of the third U-shaped groove (34) is 3.0-3.3mm, the horizontal length is 0.9-1.2mm, the thickness is 0.1mm, the horizontal length of the diode switch (36) is 0.41mm, and the vertical length is 0.41mm.
9. The wrench-shaped notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the height of the truncated ground plate (40) is 8.3-8.5mm.
10. The spanners notch reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the thickness of the dielectric substrate (10) is 1.6mm, and the length and the width of the dielectric substrate (10) are 24mm and 16mm respectively.
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