CN112467104A - Preparation method of lithium cobaltate thick electrode - Google Patents

Preparation method of lithium cobaltate thick electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112467104A
CN112467104A CN202011318854.6A CN202011318854A CN112467104A CN 112467104 A CN112467104 A CN 112467104A CN 202011318854 A CN202011318854 A CN 202011318854A CN 112467104 A CN112467104 A CN 112467104A
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lithium cobaltate
electrode
lithium
thick
drying
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卢红斌
吴天琪
张佳佳
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Fudan University
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Fudan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a lithium cobaltate thick electrode. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a saccharide precursor and inorganic salts of cobalt and lithium into a uniform solution according to a certain proportion; carrying out two-step heating reaction on the obtained solution in a preheated tubular furnace or a muffle furnace to obtain a porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material; and blending, filtering and drying the obtained porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material and the carbon nano tube to obtain the lithium cobaltate thick electrode. Compared with lithium cobaltate particles with micron scale, the lithium cobaltate material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of nano primary particles and porous secondary structure, the material can effectively buffer the internal stress accumulation of the electrode caused by repeated volume expansion and contraction in the cyclic charge-discharge process, and meanwhile, the interwoven carbon nanotube network overcomes the inherent limitation of the traditional polymer binder in the aspect of mechanical toughness, can bear large strain from the preparation to the cyclic process of the electrode, and remarkably improves the cyclic stability of the electrode.

Description

Preparation method of lithium cobaltate thick electrode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a lithium cobaltate thick electrode.
Background
The ever-expanding market for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles places higher demands on the energy density of lithium batteries. From the definition of energy density, the energy provided by the active material is taken as the numerator and the mass or volume of the entire battery is taken as the denominator. On the one hand, new materials with high specific volume and high voltage can be used to increase the molecules. On the other hand, the method for optimizing the electrode structure for preparing the thick electrode and the like can also effectively control the denominator. Lithium cobaltate cathode materials have been attracting attention since their first commercial application in 1991. With the increase of the applied voltage, the actual capacity and energy density of the lithium cobaltate material are continuously increased, and the volume energy density of the high-voltage lithium cobaltate material is in a leading level on the premise of keeping the high compacted density of the lithium cobaltate material.
However, researchers have found that the cycling performance of lithium cobalt oxide batteries rapidly decays when the battery voltage is above 4.25V. This is mainly due to the monoclinic phase transition occurring when the delithiation amount is around 0.5, the cell overall distortion, and the irregular expansion of cell parameters, resulting in macroscopic volume changes. When the material is further charged to more than 4.5V, the phase change process of the material is more severe, which results in great change of unit cell parameters. The most direct reflection of the huge change of the unit cell parameters is the volume expansion and contraction of the material particles, and the volume change of the material particles can bring the change of the pole piece layer. Finally, the material internal stress accumulation caused by repeated volume expansion and contraction seriously affects the use performance of the material, the particles are crushed and pulverized, and the binder in the pole piece is aged and loses efficacy, so that the internal electric contact loss of the pole piece is further caused, the electrode impedance is obviously increased, and the capacity is attenuated. Therefore, suppressing the performance degradation due to the volume change is a critical issue to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a lithium cobaltate thick electrode, aiming at the problems of particle crushing and pulverization and aging failure of an adhesive after the circulation of the existing lithium cobaltate material. The thick electrode prepared by the method has the advantages of good particle morphology maintenance, excellent electrochemical performance and good cycling stability.
The invention provides a preparation method of a lithium cobaltate thick electrode, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving a saccharide precursor and inorganic salts of cobalt and lithium in water according to a proportion to form a uniform solution, and controlling the mass concentration of the saccharide precursor to be 0.05-800 mg/mL;
(2) carrying out two-step heating treatment on the uniform solution obtained in the step (1) in a preheated tubular furnace or muffle furnace to obtain a porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material; in the two-step heating treatment method, the first step heating temperature is 250-450 ℃, and the heating time is 20-60 min; the second step heating temperature is 800-;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid mixed by the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material and the carbon nano tube;
(4) filtering the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) and (4) drying the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) to obtain the lithium cobaltate thick electrode.
In the invention, the saccharide precursor in the step (1) is one or a mixture of glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, sucrose or maltose.
In the invention, the inorganic salts of cobalt and lithium in the step (1) are one or a mixture of a plurality of corresponding acetates, sulfates or nitrates.
In the invention, the molar ratio of the cobalt inorganic salt to the lithium inorganic salt in the step (1) is 1 (1.01-1.10).
In the invention, the dispersion liquid in the step (3) is a water system or an N-methyl pyrrolidone system.
In the present invention, the filtration in the step (4) is a reduced pressure filtration or a pressure filtration.
In the present invention, the drying in the step (5) may be any one of atmospheric drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying
In the invention, the thick electrode plate thickness of the lithium cobaltate obtained in the step (5)The degree is 50-3000 μm, and the active substance area loading is 10-350mg/cm2
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the inventor provides the technical scheme of the invention through long-term practice and research, and the scheme can realize low-cost and large-scale preparation of the lithium cobaltate thick electrode. The lithium cobaltate material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of primary particle nanocrystallization and secondary structure porosification, the material can effectively buffer the internal stress accumulation of the electrode caused by repeated volume expansion and contraction in the cyclic charge-discharge process, and meanwhile, the interwoven carbon nanotube network overcomes the inherent limitation of the traditional polymer binder in the aspect of mechanical toughness, can bear large strain from the electrode preparation to the cyclic process, and remarkably improves the cyclic stability of the electrode. The invention provides an effective solution for improving the comprehensive performance of the lithium cobaltate thick electrode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the porous sheet lithium cobaltate cathode material prepared in example 1 of the present invention. Wherein: a is an overall appearance graph of the porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material, and b is a partial enlarged view of the porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the cycle performance at 0.1C for the pole piece prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that one or more of the steps referred to in the present application do not exclude the presence of other methods or steps before or after said combination of steps or that other methods or steps may be intervening between those explicitly mentioned. It should also be understood that these examples are intended only to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the method steps is only for the purpose of identifying the steps, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method or the scope of the implementation of the invention, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship thereof, without substantial technical changes, should also be considered as the scope of the implementation of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Dissolving 2g of glucose, 9mmol of cobalt acetate and 9.45mmol of lithium acetate in 10mL of deionized water, and fully stirring to form a uniform solution;
(2) heating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a 350 ℃ tube furnace for 30min, then heating to 900 ℃, and calcining at high temperature for 12h to obtain a porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid of the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material taking N-methyl pyrrolidone as a solvent and the carbon nano tube;
(4) carrying out reduced pressure filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) drying the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) at normal pressure to obtain a lithium cobaltate thick electrode; the thickness of the obtained lithium cobaltate thick electrode piece is 60 mu m, and the area load capacity of the active substance is 10mg/cm2
The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed that example 1 successfully produced a high crystallinity lithium cobaltate material (see fig. 1). The scanning electron microscope image shows that example 1 successfully prepares a porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material, and the prepared positive electrode material has a micron-scale porous flaky structure (see fig. 2). Fig. 3 is a cycle performance graph of the electrode tab prepared in example 1 at 0.1C, and after 100 cycles, the capacity retention rate of the battery is 92.5%.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving 4g of glucose, 10mmol of cobalt acetate and 10.4mmol of lithium acetate in 10mL of deionized water, and fully stirring to form a uniform solution;
(2) heating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a 400 ℃ tube furnace for 20min, then heating to 920 ℃, and calcining at high temperature for 10h to obtain a porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid formed by mixing the porous sheet material with the carbon nano tube by using water as a solvent;
(4) performing pressure filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) carrying out reduced pressure drying on the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) to obtain a lithium cobaltate thick electrode; the thickness of the obtained lithium cobaltate thick electrode piece is 170 mu m, and the area load capacity of the active substance is 30mg/cm2
Example 3
(1) Dissolving 4g of glucose, 10mmol of cobalt acetate and 10.5mmol of lithium acetate in 10mL of deionized water, and fully stirring to form a uniform solution;
(2) heating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a 350 ℃ tube furnace for 20min, then heating to 880 ℃, and calcining at high temperature for 18h to obtain a porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid formed by mixing the porous sheet material with the carbon nano tube by using water as a solvent;
(4) carrying out reduced pressure filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) freeze-drying the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) to obtain a lithium cobaltate thick electrode; the thickness of the obtained lithium cobaltate thick electrode plate is 450 mu m, and the area load capacity of the active substance is 80mg/cm2。。
Example 4
(1) Dissolving 2g of fructose, 10mmol of cobalt nitrate and 10.7mmol of lithium nitrate in 10mL of deionized water, and fully stirring to form a uniform solution;
(2) heating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a 350 ℃ tube furnace for 30min, then heating to 900 ℃, and calcining at high temperature for 12h to obtain a porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate anode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid of the porous sheet material taking N-methyl pyrrolidone as a solvent and the carbon nano tube;
(4) performing pressure filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) carrying out vacuum drying on the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) to obtain a lithium cobaltate thick electrode; the thickness of the obtained lithium cobaltate thick electrode piece is 170 mu m, and the area load capacity of the active substance is 30mg/cm2
Example 5
(1) Dissolving 6g of sucrose, 10mmol of cobalt nitrate and 10.5mmol of lithium acetate in 10mL of deionized water, and fully stirring to form a uniform solution;
(2) heating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a 350 ℃ tube furnace for 20min, then heating to 920 ℃, and calcining at high temperature for 15h to obtain a porous flaky lithium cobaltate positive electrode material;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate anode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid of the porous sheet material taking N-methyl pyrrolidone as a solvent and the carbon nano tube;
(4) performing pressure filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) carrying out reduced pressure drying on the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) to obtain a lithium cobaltate thick electrode; the thickness of the obtained lithium cobaltate thick electrode plate is 1780 mu m, and the area load capacity of the active substance is 300mg/cm2
The positive pole piece obtained in the embodiment is assembled into a button cell, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and cutting the pole piece to obtain the positive pole piece with the diameter of 14 mm. Taking a pure lithium sheet with the diameter of 16mm as a negative electrode, and dissolving 1mol/L LiPF6The DEC/EC (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solution is used as electrolyte, a polypropylene microporous membrane is used as a diaphragm, and the button cell is assembled in a glove box filled with argon. The electrochemical performance test is carried out by adopting a Xinwei battery test system at the ambient temperature of 30 ℃ within the voltage range of 2.8-4.5V.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a lithium cobaltate thick electrode is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving a saccharide precursor and inorganic salts of cobalt and lithium in water according to a proportion to form a uniform solution, and controlling the mass concentration of the saccharide precursor to be 0.05-800 mg/mL;
(2) carrying out a two-step heating treatment method on the uniform solution obtained in the step (1) in a preheated tubular furnace or muffle furnace to obtain a porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material; wherein: in the two-step heating treatment method, the first step heating temperature is 250-450 ℃, and the heating time is 20-60 min; the second step heating temperature is 800-;
(3) blending the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material obtained in the step (2) with a carbon nano tube to obtain a dispersion liquid mixed by the porous sheet lithium cobaltate positive electrode material and the carbon nano tube;
(4) filtering the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a wet electrode slice;
(5) and (4) drying the wet electrode slice obtained in the step (4) to obtain the lithium cobaltate thick electrode.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sugar precursor in step (1) is one or more of glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, sucrose, and maltose.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cobalt and lithium inorganic salts in step (1) are one or more of their corresponding acetates, sulfates or nitrates.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the cobalt inorganic salt to the lithium inorganic salt in step (1) is 1 (1.01-1.10).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion liquid in step (3) is an aqueous system or an N-methylpyrrolidone system.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filtering in step (4) is performed by pressure reduction or pressure filtration.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying in step (5) is any one of atmospheric drying, vacuum drying or freeze drying.
8. The method for preparing a thick lithium cobaltate electrode according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thick lithium cobaltate electrode obtained in the step (5) is 50-3000 μm, and the area loading of the active material is 10-350mg/cm2
CN202011318854.6A 2020-11-23 2020-11-23 Preparation method of lithium cobaltate thick electrode Pending CN112467104A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114335532A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-04-12 华中科技大学 Lithium ion battery anode lithium supplementing method based on freeze drying and product

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102569780A (en) * 2012-02-28 2012-07-11 南京航空航天大学 Method for preparing lithium ion battery cathode material with layered structure
CN102593436A (en) * 2012-02-27 2012-07-18 清华大学 Self-supporting flexible carbon nano-tube paper composite electrode material for lithium ion battery
CN103151517A (en) * 2013-01-23 2013-06-12 宁波维科电池股份有限公司 Preparation method of lithium cobalt oxide
CN103474646A (en) * 2013-09-04 2013-12-25 浙江吉能电池科技有限公司 Reticular porous lithium-manganese-rich-based positive electrode material for lithium ion cell and preparation method of material
US20170092943A1 (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Positive electrode and li-ion battery including the same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102593436A (en) * 2012-02-27 2012-07-18 清华大学 Self-supporting flexible carbon nano-tube paper composite electrode material for lithium ion battery
CN102569780A (en) * 2012-02-28 2012-07-11 南京航空航天大学 Method for preparing lithium ion battery cathode material with layered structure
CN103151517A (en) * 2013-01-23 2013-06-12 宁波维科电池股份有限公司 Preparation method of lithium cobalt oxide
CN103474646A (en) * 2013-09-04 2013-12-25 浙江吉能电池科技有限公司 Reticular porous lithium-manganese-rich-based positive electrode material for lithium ion cell and preparation method of material
US20170092943A1 (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Positive electrode and li-ion battery including the same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114335532A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-04-12 华中科技大学 Lithium ion battery anode lithium supplementing method based on freeze drying and product

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Application publication date: 20210309