CN112464855A - While-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method and device based on EEMD - Google Patents
While-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method and device based on EEMD Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012880 independent component analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement while drilling in oil and gas engineering, in particular to a mud while drilling positive pulse signal processing method and device based on EEMD. The former comprises filtering to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal; denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) to obtain an IMFx component and a residual error; linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal with the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal; and separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain positive pulse transmission signals. According to the method, on the basis of the generation, transmission and noise adding characteristics of the mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal, the mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal is denoised through the EEMD, the positive pulse signal is fully extracted through independent component analysis, the modal aliasing phenomenon existing in the EMD is effectively solved, the positive pulse signal can be locked, and the error rate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement while drilling in oil and gas engineering, in particular to a mud while drilling positive pulse signal processing method and device based on EEMD.
Background
In the process of oil exploration, the measurement of ground information is indispensable. The Measurement While Drilling (MWD) technology can be used for transmitting the information of the ground to a pressure sensor on the ground in real time through certain specific media While Drilling, then the information is guided to a computer from the sensor, and then the information is analyzed, stored and processed, so that the acquisition rate of petroleum can be greatly improved by using the MWD technology, and the petroleum cost is reduced.
In the MWD signal transmission system, the noise processing method is not perfect; when the amplitude of the useful signal is small or the amplitude of the background noise is strong, the pulse signal cannot be effectively extracted. Since the mud pressure sensor is located at the surface drilling hole and is very close to the high-intensity working mud pump, the noise environment is very complicated, the useful signals are directly submerged by the noise, and the useful pulse signals are attenuated or even distorted due to long-distance transmission or signal reflection.
The extraction of pulse signals is mostly completed by EMD empirical mode decomposition, but EMD empirical mode decomposition cannot perform good denoising and has a mode aliasing phenomenon, namely, one IMF contains characteristic components with different time scales, iteration is required for many times in the IMF decomposition process, and the condition for stopping iteration lacks a standard, so that IMFs obtained under different conditions for stopping iteration are different, and the result is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method and device based on EEMD (ensemble empirical mode decomposition), which overcome the defects of the prior art and can effectively solve the problems that the prior positive pulse signal processing and extracting method based on EMD empirical mode decomposition has poor denoising effect and mode aliasing phenomenon, so that time-frequency distribution is wrong, and IMF components lose real physical significance.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is realized by the following measures: a while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD comprises the following steps:
filtering a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground riser to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal;
denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) to obtain an IMFx component and a residual error;
linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal with the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal;
and separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain positive pulse transmission signals.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
the denoising and processing of the second drilling mud positive pulse signal by the polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) comprises the following steps:
obtaining Gaussian white noise and adding the Gaussian white noise to the second while-drilling mud positive pulse signal to form a third while-drilling mud positive pulse signal;
performing EMD on the third while-drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a group of IMFs and residual errors;
setting cycle times, repeating the process, adding new white Gaussian noise each time, and obtaining a corresponding group of IMFs and residual errors;
and performing integration average processing on the IMFs obtained each time, and outputting IMFx components.
The linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal with the second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal comprises:
screening the IMFx component to obtain an IMFx component containing a pump noise signal;
linearly adding IMFx components containing pump noise signals to obtain a superposed signal;
and combining the superposed signal with the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual dual-channel signal.
The virtual dual-channel signal is separated through the rapid independent component analysis to obtain the positive pulse transmission signal, which includes:
preprocessing the virtual dual-channel signal;
performing matrix separation on the preprocessed virtual dual-channel signals;
and judging whether the separated matrix is converged, if so, transmitting a signal for positive pulse transmission to be output, and if not, repeatedly performing optimal separation on the matrix until the separated matrix is converged.
The first while-drilling mud positive pulse signal continuously acquired at the ground riser is filtered through the band-pass filter, the low cut-off frequency of the band-pass filter is greater than the reciprocal of the positive pulse period generated by the underground positive pulse generator and is smaller than the third harmonic frequency of the pump impulse of the used mud pump, and the band-pass filter comprises an FIR digital filter, a Butterworth digital filter and a Chebyshev digital filter.
The second technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: an EEMD-based while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing device comprises:
the filtering unit is used for filtering a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground vertical pipe to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal;
the EEMD processing unit is used for denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) to obtain an IMFx component and a residual error;
the linear combination unit is used for linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal and the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal;
and the independent component analysis unit is used for separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain the positive pulse transmission signals.
The third technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program readable by a computer, the computer program being arranged to, when run, perform a mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD.
The fourth technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: an electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory having stored therein a computer program that is loaded and executed by the processor to implement a method of EEMD-based mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing.
The invention provides a novel method for processing the positive pulse signal of the mud-while-drilling based on a single-riser pressure sensor on the basis of fully generating, transmitting and adding noise characteristics of the positive pulse signal of the mud-while-drilling, the positive pulse signal of the mud-while-drilling is denoised by EEMD, the positive pulse signal is fully extracted by independent component analysis, the modal aliasing phenomenon existing in EMD is effectively solved, the positive pulse signal can be locked, and the error rate is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for processing signals by the EEDM according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of linear combination in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of analyzing independent components in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a mud surface reception simulation signal containing a positive pulse signal in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a data spectrum diagram of a mud surface reception simulation signal containing a positive pulse signal in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal in accordance with embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of five IMFx component signals in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a spectrum diagram of five IMFx component signals in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of a virtual dual channel signal in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram of a positive pulse signal in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of an apparatus according to example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD, including:
s101, filtering a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground riser to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal;
s102, denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM), and obtaining an IMFx component and a residual error;
s103, linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal with the second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal;
and S104, separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain positive pulse transmission signals.
In the technical scheme, in the step S101, a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground riser can be filtered through a band-pass filter to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal; the low cut-off frequency of the band-pass filter is required to be larger than the reciprocal of a positive pulse period generated by the underground positive pulse generator and smaller than the third harmonic frequency of pump impulse of the used slurry pump, and the band-pass filter comprises digital filters such as an FIR digital filter, a Butterworth digital filter and a Chebyshev digital filter. For example, if the band pass filter of the present invention is an FIR digital filter, the order can be set to 200, the low cut-off frequency can be set to 2.5Hz, and the high cut-off frequency can be set to 12.5Hz according to actual requirements. Step S101 further indicates that the first while-drilling mud positive pulse signal may be obtained by obtaining a mud surface reception simulation signal by a single riser pressure sensor, performing FFT on the mud surface reception simulation signal (i.e., the first while-drilling mud positive pulse signal) continuously collected at the ground riser according to the characteristics of generating, transmitting, and adding noise of the while-drilling mud positive pulse signal, to obtain spectral features related to the positive pulse signal, pump noise, and other noise, and then filtering the spectral features based on a band-pass filter.
In the above technical scheme, in step S102, the EEDM is decomposed by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition to denoise the second drilling-following mud positive pulse signal, that is, according to the characteristic that the white noise mean is zero, gaussian white noise is added to the second drilling-following mud positive pulse signal, and the decomposition is performed by the EMD, and the decomposition result is subjected to average processing, where the more the number of average processing, the smaller the influence of noise on the decomposition result is, thereby implementing denoising. And step S104, unmixing the linearly combined virtual dual-channel signals through independent component analysis to obtain independent signals, so as to obtain the required positive pulse transmission signals.
The embodiment discloses a while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD, and provides a novel while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method based on a single-riser pressure sensor on the basis of the characteristics of generation, transmission and noise addition of the while-drilling mud positive pulse signal.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment discloses a while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD, wherein denoising and processing a second while-drilling mud positive pulse signal by polymerizing empirical mode decomposition (EEDM), further comprising:
s201, acquiring Gaussian white noise and adding the Gaussian white noise to the second while-drilling mud positive pulse signal to form a third while-drilling mud positive pulse signal;
s202, EMD decomposition is carried out on the third mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal to obtain a group of IMFs and residual errors;
s203, setting cycle times, repeating the process, adding new white Gaussian noise every time, and obtaining a corresponding group of IMFs and residual errors;
and S204, performing integration average processing on the IMFs obtained each time, and outputting IMFx components.
In the technical scheme, new white Gaussian noise is added in each cycle, the noise standard deviation of the white Gaussian noise is set according to actual requirements, and the cycle repetition times are also set according to the actual requirements.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment discloses a mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD, wherein an IMFx component containing a pump noise signal is linearly combined with a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal, further comprising:
s301, screening the IMFx components to obtain IMFx components containing pump noise signals;
s302, linearly adding IMFx components containing pump noise signals to obtain a superposed signal;
and S303, combining the superposed signal with the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal.
The IMFx components containing the pump noise signal are added linearly and can be approximated as a mud pump noise signal.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment discloses a mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD, wherein a virtual dual-channel signal is separated through fast independent component analysis to obtain a positive pulse transmission signal, further comprising:
s401, preprocessing a virtual dual-channel signal;
s402, performing matrix separation on the preprocessed virtual dual-channel signals;
and S403, judging whether the separated matrix is converged, if so, transmitting a signal for positive pulse transmission to be output, and if not, repeatedly performing optimal separation on the matrix until the separated matrix is converged.
Independent component analysis is a principal component decomposition method that separates independent signals from a set of mixed observed signals (i.e., linear combinations of several statistically independent components). The present embodiment uses this as an independent separation of the positive pulse signal.
In the above technical solution, the preprocessing the virtual dual-channel signal includes performing mean value removal and whitening on the virtual dual-channel signal. Since fitting is easy if not mean removed, each dimension is reduced by the mean of the corresponding dimension by taking the mean, so that each dimension of the input data is centered at 0. The purpose of the whitening process is to remove the degree of correlation between data and to make the variance uniform.
Example 5: the mud surface receiving simulation signal containing the positive pulse signal shown in the figure 5 is converted into the frequency spectrum characteristics related to the positive pulse signal, the pump noise and other noises shown in the figure 6, and the positive pulse signal processing process comprises the following steps:
1. the type of the band-pass filter is FIR, the order is set to be 200, the low cut-off frequency is 2.5Hz, the high cut-off frequency is 12.5Hz, the frequency spectrum characteristics shown in the attached figure 6 are filtered, and a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal shown in the attached figure 7 is obtained;
2. setting the standard deviation of the noise added with the Gaussian white noise as 0.15 Gaussian white noise, setting the number of cyclic repetition as 100, denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through the EEDM (ensemble empirical mode decomposition), wherein the obtained first five IMFx components are shown in the attached drawing 8, and the corresponding frequency spectrums are shown in the attached drawing 9;
3. screening five IMFx components, wherein the IMF3 component and the IMF4 component contain pump noise signals, linearly adding the IMF3 component and the IMF4 component to obtain a superposed signal, and combining the superposed signal with a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual dual-channel signal shown in the attached figure 10;
4. the virtual two-channel signal is subjected to separation processing by fast independent component analysis, and a positive pulse signal as shown in fig. 11 is obtained.
Example 6: as shown in fig. 12, the present embodiment discloses an EEMD-based mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing apparatus, which includes:
the filtering unit is used for filtering a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground vertical pipe to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal;
the EEMD processing unit is used for denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) to obtain an IMFx component and a residual error;
the linear combination unit is used for linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal and the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal;
and the independent component analysis unit is used for separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain the positive pulse transmission signals.
Embodiment 7, this embodiment discloses a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program readable by a computer, the computer program being configured to, when executed, perform a mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD.
The storage medium may include, but is not limited to: u disk, read-only memory, removable hard disk, magnetic or optical disk, etc. various media capable of storing computer programs.
The electronic equipment further comprises transmission equipment and input and output equipment, wherein the transmission equipment and the input and output equipment are both connected with the processor.
The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and best implementation effect, and unnecessary technical features can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
Claims (10)
1. A while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method based on EEMD is characterized by comprising the following steps:
filtering a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground riser to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal;
denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) to obtain an IMFx component and a residual error;
linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal with the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal;
and separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain positive pulse transmission signals.
2. The EEMD-based while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method as recited in claim 1, wherein denoising and processing the second while-drilling mud positive pulse signal by aggregating EMD (empirical mode decomposition) EEDM comprises:
obtaining Gaussian white noise and adding the Gaussian white noise to the second while-drilling mud positive pulse signal to form a third while-drilling mud positive pulse signal;
performing EMD on the third while-drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a group of IMFs and residual errors;
setting cycle times, repeating the process, adding new white Gaussian noise each time, and obtaining a corresponding group of IMFs and residual errors;
and performing integration average processing on the IMFs obtained each time, and outputting IMFx components.
3. The EEMD-based while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal with the second while-drilling mud positive pulse signal comprises:
screening the IMFx component to obtain an IMFx component containing a pump noise signal;
linearly adding IMFx components containing pump noise signals to obtain a superposed signal;
and combining the superposed signal with the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual dual-channel signal.
4. The EEMD-based mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the obtaining of the positive pulse transmission signal by performing the separation processing on the virtual dual-channel signal through the fast independent component analysis comprises:
preprocessing the virtual dual-channel signal;
performing matrix separation on the preprocessed virtual dual-channel signals;
and judging whether the separated matrix is converged, if so, transmitting a signal for positive pulse transmission to be output, and if not, repeatedly performing optimal separation on the matrix until the separated matrix is converged.
5. The EEMD-based mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing method as recited in claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the positive pulse transmission signal by performing the separation processing on the virtual dual-channel signal through the fast independent component analysis comprises the following steps:
preprocessing the virtual dual-channel signal;
performing matrix separation on the preprocessed virtual dual-channel signals;
and judging whether the separated matrix is converged, if so, transmitting a signal for positive pulse transmission to be output, and if not, repeatedly performing optimal separation on the matrix until the separated matrix is converged.
6. The EEMD-based while drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method as recited in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the first while drilling mud positive pulse signal continuously collected at the surface riser is filtered by a band-pass filter, the low cut-off frequency of the band-pass filter is larger than the reciprocal of the positive pulse period generated by the downhole positive pulse generator and smaller than the third harmonic frequency of the pump stroke of the used mud pump, wherein the band-pass filter comprises an FIR digital filter, a Butterworth digital filter, and a Chebyshev digital filter.
7. The EEMD-based while-drilling mud positive pulse signal processing method as recited in claim 3 or 4, wherein the first while-drilling mud positive pulse signal continuously acquired at the surface riser is filtered by a band-pass filter, the low cut-off frequency of the band-pass filter is larger than the reciprocal of the positive pulse period generated by the downhole positive pulse generator and smaller than the third harmonic frequency of the pump stroke of the used mud pump, wherein the band-pass filter comprises an FIR digital filter, a Butterworth digital filter and a Chebyshev digital filter.
8. A mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal processing device based on EEMD is characterized by comprising:
the filtering unit is used for filtering a first mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal continuously acquired at a ground vertical pipe to obtain a second mud-while-drilling positive pulse signal;
the EEMD processing unit is used for denoising and processing the second drilling mud positive pulse signal through polymerization empirical mode decomposition (EEDM) to obtain an IMFx component and a residual error;
the linear combination unit is used for linearly combining the IMFx component containing the pump noise signal and the second drilling mud positive pulse signal to obtain a virtual double-channel signal;
and the independent component analysis unit is used for separating the virtual dual-channel signals through rapid independent component analysis to obtain the positive pulse transmission signals.
9. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program readable by a computer, the computer program being arranged to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when running for performing the method of EEMD-based mud positive pulse while drilling signal processing.
10. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is loaded by the processor and executed to implement the method for processing the EEMD-based mud positive pulse while drilling signal as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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