CN112462686A - Cutter abrasion measurement displacement control press-in device based on reverse morphology method - Google Patents
Cutter abrasion measurement displacement control press-in device based on reverse morphology method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112462686A CN112462686A CN202011296279.4A CN202011296279A CN112462686A CN 112462686 A CN112462686 A CN 112462686A CN 202011296279 A CN202011296279 A CN 202011296279A CN 112462686 A CN112462686 A CN 112462686A
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- cutter
- soft metal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37256—Wear, tool wear
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37457—On machine, on workpiece
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37558—Optical sensor, scanner
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutter abrasion measurement displacement control press-in device based on a reverse morphology method, which comprises a displacement sensor, a PLC (programmable logic controller) control device, a numerical control system, a vacuum pump and a vacuum chuck, wherein the displacement sensor is connected with the PLC control device; the displacement sensor comprises a signal emitter and a signal receiver; the signal transmitter is fixedly arranged at the position of a cutter handle of the cutter, and the signal receiver is arranged on the surface of the soft metal in an adhesive mode. The invention controls the depth of the cutter pressed into the soft metal through displacement. The abrasion part of the cutter before and after abrasion is repeatedly engraved on the soft metal and is measured by using surface profile measuring equipment, and the two measurement results are compared to further obtain the abrasion loss of the cutter, so that the method is particularly suitable for abrasion detection of the diamond cutter. The depth of the press-in process before and after the cutter is worn can be well guaranteed to be the same through displacement control of the press-in depth, the worn part of the cutter is completely re-engraved to the soft metal, the reliability of the detection process is greatly improved, and the detection precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cutter abrasion detection, and particularly relates to a high-precision cutter abrasion measuring device based on displacement control, which is mainly applied to the abrasion detection of a precision ultra-precision machining cutter.
Background
Ultra-precision machining has gradually become the leading core technology of advanced manufacturing. The cutting performance of the cutter is deteriorated due to the abrasion of the cutter in the ultra-precision machining, when the abrasion of the cutter exceeds an allowable range, the cutting force is rapidly increased, the cutting temperature is rapidly increased, the machining precision of a machined workpiece is reduced, the surface roughness of the workpiece is increased, and the product quality is influenced. Therefore, how to detect the tool abrasion is the best method for avoiding the reduction of the processing quality by timely and accurately detecting the tool abrasion. The traditional tool wear detection technology has the defects of low measurement efficiency, low measurement precision, complex measurement process and the like. Chinese patent CN201510770249.5 discloses a tool wear detector, which is used in conjunction with an atomic microscope to detect tool wear, and the tool needs to be disassembled many times during measurement, so that online detection cannot be achieved, and the measurement efficiency is low; chinese patent CN202010408831.8 discloses a device for detecting abrasion of a tool on a machine, which relies on image detection and information processing to detect the abrasion of the tool, and the device relies on a traditional mechanical clamping manner, and has a complex overall structure, low detection precision and large error.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design a tool wear measurement displacement control press-in device based on a reverse morphology method, which has high measurement efficiency, high measurement precision and simple measurement method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cutter abrasion measurement displacement control press-in device based on a reverse morphology method comprises a displacement sensor, a PLC control device, a numerical control system, a vacuum pump and a vacuum chuck; the PLC control device and the numerical control system are self-contained devices of the machine tool; the displacement sensor, the vacuum pump and the vacuum chuck are additional components.
The displacement sensor comprises a signal emitter and a signal receiver; the signal transmitter is fixedly arranged at the position of a cutter handle of the cutter, and the signal receiver is arranged on the surface of the soft metal in an adhesive mode;
the signal transmitter and the signal receiver are respectively connected with the PLC control device and are used for detecting the distance between the displacement sensor and the soft metal and transmitting a distance signal to the PLC control device for operation; after receiving the distance signal of the displacement sensor, the PLC control device performs relevant calculation and feeds back the calculation result to the numerical control system, and the numerical control system controls the cutter to feed according to the fed-back data so as to achieve the purpose that the cutter is pressed into the soft metal according to fixed displacement; the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum sucker through a vacuum suction pipe and is used for generating vacuum; the vacuum chuck is used for adsorbing and fixing the workpiece and the soft metal, so that the deformation of the workpiece caused by clamping force is reduced;
the specific use method of the cutter wear measurement displacement control press-in device comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting soft metal, and grinding the surface of the soft metal to improve the surface roughness and the planeness of the soft metal and reduce errors caused by the fact that the surface quality of a base material does not meet requirements in the imprinting process;
secondly, adsorbing the soft metal and the workpiece on a vacuum chuck at the same time;
thirdly, setting the motion parameters of the machine tool, enabling the cutter to move according to certain displacement through a displacement sensor and a PLC (programmable logic controller) control device, and slowly pressing a cutting edge of the cutter into the soft metal to leave a cutter indentation, wherein the specific process is as follows:
A. at a distance d from the tip of the toolbA signal emitter of the displacement sensor is arranged at the position of the soft metal, parameters are set, and a signal receiver of the displacement sensor is arranged at the corresponding position on the surface of the soft metal;
B. before the press-in stroke of the cutter is started, the press-in depth of the cutter into the soft metal is set to be d, and the distance d between the displacement sensor and the cutter point is set to be db，dbD, measuring the distance d between the displacement sensor and the soft metalaTherefore, the distance d between the blade tip and the surface of the soft metalc＝da-db(ii) a Thereby having to be pressed inThe distance of the movement of the tool in the process is dh＝dc+d；
C. After the tool starts to move, the displacement sensor is used as a signal source to measure the distance daThe signal is entered into a PLC control device as an initial signal to be calculated, and the distance s that the tool moves is da-da', when the tool movement distance s reaches the set value dhWhen the numerical control system is in a value state, the numerical control system receives a stop signal of the PLC control device, and the cutter stops moving; the cutter returns to the initial position according to the original path;
taking down the soft metal, and measuring the indentation profile of the cutter on the soft metal by using a contact surface profile measuring instrument; and comparing the re-engraving appearances of the cutters before and after abrasion to obtain the abrasion loss of the cutters.
Furthermore, a vacuum pump and a vacuum chuck are arranged outside the numerical control machine tool without the vacuum adsorption function.
Further, the displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a tool wear detection method based on reverse morphology.A workpiece and soft metal are adsorbed on a machine tool through vacuum, and the depth of the tool pressed into the soft metal is controlled through displacement. The reverse morphology method comprises the steps of repeatedly engraving the worn parts of the cutter before and after wear on the soft metal, measuring by using surface profile measuring equipment, and comparing the two measurement results to further obtain the wear loss of the cutter, and is particularly suitable for wear detection of the diamond cutter.
2. The depth of the press-in process before and after the cutter is worn can be well guaranteed to be the same through displacement control of the press-in depth, the worn part of the cutter is completely re-engraved to the soft metal, the reliability of the detection process is greatly improved, and the detection precision is improved.
3. The vacuum clamping mode can effectively avoid the influence of mechanical clamping stress on the workpiece and the soft metal, eliminates the error caused by the deformation of the soft metal in the process of stamping the cutter, improves the repeated engraving precision of the cutter, and is favorable for realizing high-precision detection.
4. The invention adopts the matching use of the displacement sensor and the PLC built in the numerical control machine tool, and can realize the accurate control of the machine tool motion.
5. The invention has simple structure, easy operation and higher measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a milling machine tool wear detection device based on displacement control;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of a wear detecting device for a lathe tool based on displacement control;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the apparatus operation steps;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the penetration depth control concept;
fig. 5 is a press-in depth control flowchart.
In the figure: 1-a displacement sensor; 2-a PLC control device; 3-a numerical control system; 4-a workpiece; 5-vacuum chuck; 6-vacuum suction pipe; 7-a vacuum pump; 8-tool indentation; 9-a tool cutting edge; 10-soft metal.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: displacement control press-in device applied to cutter abrasion detection of numerical control milling machine
As shown in fig. 1 and 3-5, the present embodiment is a tool wear measurement displacement control pressing device based on a reverse topography method, which is applied to a numerically controlled milling machine. This device depends on original PLC controlling means 2 of lathe, numerical control system 3 isotructure, realizes its function through installing displacement sensor 1 additional, vacuum adsorption anchor clamps for the milling machine, vacuum pump 7 and vacuum breathing pipe 6.
The vacuum pump 7 is connected with a vacuum sucker 5 on the milling machine workbench through a vacuum suction pipe 6, and the vacuum pump 7 can realize different adsorption forces on the workpiece 4 and the soft metal 10 by adjusting the vacuum degree; vacuum chuck 5 for the milling machine is equipped with air flue and a plurality of gas pocket, and the during operation needs rationally arrange the adsorption site according to the concrete size and the weight of adsorbing work piece 4, and the gas pocket that does not use need to use the rubber buffer to seal.
The displacement sensor 1 comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver. The signal transmitter is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed to the milling cutter handle through a bolt. The signal receiver is clamped on the surface of the workpiece 4 through gluing.
Preferably, the displacement sensor 1 is a laser displacement sensor 1, and the working principle of the displacement sensor is to calculate the distance between the tool and the workpiece 4 based on the reflection effect of laser, so that the operation steps are more convenient and faster.
And the built-in PLC control device 2 of the numerical control lathe is connected with the displacement sensor 1. After receiving the electric signal of the displacement sensor 1, the calculation is carried out, the specific position of the cutter is judged and fed back to the numerical control system 3 of the machine tool, the numerical control system 3 adjusts the movement of the cutter in time according to the information fed back by the PLC control device 2, and the cutter is guaranteed to be pressed into the soft metal 10 according to the fixed displacement.
The second embodiment: displacement control press-in device applied to tool wear detection of numerical control lathe
As shown in fig. 2-5, the present embodiment is a tool wear measurement displacement control pressing device based on a reverse topography method applied to a numerically controlled lathe. The device depends on the original structures of a PLC control device 2, a numerical control system 3 and the like of a machine tool, and realizes the functions by additionally arranging a displacement sensor 1, a vacuum adsorption clamp for a lathe, a vacuum pump 7 and a vacuum suction pipe 6.
The vacuum chuck 5 is clamped with a main shaft end of the numerical control machine tool through a three-jaw chuck; the vacuum pump 7 is connected with the vacuum sucker 5 through a vacuum suction pipe 6; the vacuum suction pipe 6 passes through a spindle hole of the numerical control lathe and is connected with the vacuum sucker 5 through a rotary quick-change connector; the vacuum pump 7 can realize different adsorption forces on the workpiece 4 and the soft metal 10 by adjusting the vacuum degree; vacuum chuck 5 is equipped with air flue and a plurality of gas pocket for the lathe, and the during operation needs rationally arrange the adsorption site according to the concrete size and the weight of adsorbing work piece 4, and the gas pocket that does not use need to use the rubber buffer to seal.
The displacement sensor 1 comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver. The signal transmitter is provided with a threaded hole and is connected with the milling cutter handle through a bolt. The signal receiver is clamped on the surface of the workpiece 4 through gluing.
Preferably, the displacement sensor 1 is a laser displacement sensor 1, and the working principle of the displacement sensor is to calculate the distance between the tool and the workpiece 4 based on the reflection effect of laser, so that the operation steps are more convenient and faster.
And the PLC control device 2 arranged in the numerical control milling machine is connected with the displacement sensor 1. After receiving the electric signal of the displacement sensor 1, the calculation is carried out, the specific position of the cutter is judged and fed back to the numerical control system 3 of the machine tool, the numerical control system 3 adjusts the movement of the cutter in time according to the information fed back by the PLC control device 2, and the cutter is guaranteed to be pressed into the soft metal 10 according to the fixed displacement.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a cutter wearing and tearing measurement displacement control push in device based on reversal morphology method which characterized in that: the device comprises a displacement sensor (1), a PLC control device (2), a numerical control system (3), a vacuum pump (7) and a vacuum sucker (5); the PLC control device (2) and the numerical control system (3) are self-contained devices of the machine tool; the displacement sensor (1), the vacuum pump (7) and the vacuum sucker (5) are additional components;
the displacement sensor (1) comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver; the signal emitter is fixedly arranged at the position of a cutter handle of the cutter, and the signal receiver is arranged on the surface of the soft metal (10) in an adhesive mode;
the signal emitter and the signal receiver are respectively connected with the PLC control device (2) and are used for detecting the distance between the displacement sensor (1) and the soft metal (10) and transmitting a distance signal to the PLC control device (2) for operation; after receiving the distance signal of the displacement sensor (1), the PLC control device (2) performs related calculation and feeds back the calculation result to the numerical control system (3), and the numerical control system (3) controls the cutter feeding according to the fed-back data so as to achieve the purpose that the cutter is pressed into the soft metal (10) according to fixed displacement; the vacuum pump (7) is connected with the vacuum sucker (5) through a vacuum suction pipe (6) and is used for generating vacuum; the vacuum chuck (5) is used for adsorbing and fixing the workpiece (4) and the soft metal (10) and reducing the deformation of the workpiece (4) caused by clamping force;
the use method of the cutter wear measurement displacement control press-in device comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a soft metal (10), and grinding the surface of the soft metal to improve the surface roughness and the flatness of the soft metal and reduce errors caused by the fact that the surface quality of a base material does not meet requirements in the imprinting process;
secondly, simultaneously adsorbing the soft metal (10) and the workpiece (4) on a vacuum chuck (5);
thirdly, setting the motion parameters of the machine tool, enabling the cutter to move according to certain displacement through the displacement sensor (1) and the PLC control device (2), and slowly pressing a cutting edge (9) of the cutter into the soft metal (10) to leave a cutter indentation (8), wherein the specific process is as follows:
A. at a distance d from the tip of the toolbA signal emitter of the displacement sensor (1) is arranged at the position of the soft metal (10), parameters are set, and a signal receiver of the displacement sensor (1) is arranged at the corresponding position on the surface of the soft metal (10);
B. before the tool press-in stroke begins, the depth of the tool press-in soft metal (10) is set as d, and the distance d between the displacement sensor (1) and the tool tip is set as db，db> d, measuring the distance d between the displacement sensor (1) and the soft metal (10)aSo that the distance d between the cutting edge and the surface of the soft metal (10)c＝da-db(ii) a Thereby obtaining the knife in the pressing processWith a distance d of movementh＝dc+d；
C. After the tool starts to move, the displacement sensor (1) is used as a signal source to measure the distance daThe signal is sent to a PLC control device (2) as an initial signal to be calculated, and the moving distance s of the tool is da-da', when the tool movement distance s reaches the set value dhWhen the numerical control system (3) is in a value state, the numerical control system receives a stop signal of the PLC control device (2), and the cutter stops moving; the cutter returns to the initial position according to the original path;
fourthly, taking down the soft metal (10), and measuring the profile of the tool indentation (8) on the soft metal (10) by using a contact surface profile measuring instrument; and comparing the re-engraving appearances of the cutters before and after abrasion to obtain the abrasion loss of the cutters.
2. The tool wear measurement displacement control press-in device based on the inverse morphology method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: for the numerically-controlled machine tool external vacuum pump (7) and the vacuum sucker (5) without the vacuum adsorption function.
3. The tool wear measurement displacement control press-in device based on the inverse morphology method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the displacement sensor (1) is a laser displacement sensor (1).
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| CN202011296279.4A CN112462686B (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Cutter abrasion measurement displacement control press-in device based on reverse morphology method |
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| CN202011296279.4A CN112462686B (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Cutter abrasion measurement displacement control press-in device based on reverse morphology method |
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| CN112462686B CN112462686B (en) | 2021-09-21 |
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