CN112462431A - Pre-stack gather amplitude compensation method based on well control and offset separation - Google Patents
Pre-stack gather amplitude compensation method based on well control and offset separation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a well control and offset distance separation based prestack gather amplitude compensation method, wherein the change (AVO) rule of prestack seismic gather amplitude along with offset distance is theoretically consistent with the forward AVO characteristic of a vertical and horizontal wave curve actually measured in a well. In the actual data acquisition and processing process, the near offset amplitude energy is attenuated due to insufficient near offset covering times, the AVO characteristics deviate from distortion, the variation rule fitting function relation of the amplitude along with the offset is obtained through forward analysis, and the channel-by-channel amplitude compensation is carried out on the actual channel set amplitude attenuation distortion channels, so that the quality of the pre-stack seismic channel set is improved to the maximum extent, and a data basis is laid for the subsequent AVO attribute analysis and the pre-stack joint inversion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration of oil and gas fields, in particular to a prestack gather amplitude compensation method based on well control and sub-offset.
Background
In the actual three-dimensional seismic data prestack time migration processing process, global structure imaging and three-high processing are mainly considered, amplitude compensation is rarely specially performed on a certain set of target layers, the influence on the three-dimensional seismic structure research is generally small, the influence on AVO analysis by using a prestack gather and prestack reservoir prediction is large, a series of technical measures are pertinently performed at home and abroad for amplitude compensation at present, but the methods generally have the phenomena of difficult quality control and distorted results, and most of the processing is to directly perform excision processing on an attenuation gather through analysis.
At present, the methods of 'prestack seismic amplitude compensation' do not form a uniform consensus at home and abroad, particularly at the national academia, and the applicability of the methods is not uniformly known. Published papers and research results show that there are two main methods for amplitude compensation: the method comprises the steps of firstly, performing full offset superposition on an original prestack gather to obtain superposed data, extracting an amplitude root-mean-square attribute plane distribution diagram from the superposed data along a target layer, performing zonal amplitude statistical mean value on the amplitude plane distribution, and then performing zonal amplitude correction; the second method is a "full-offset extrapolation method", and the basic principle is that a full-offset AVO gradient analysis is performed based on an actual seismic gather, the relationship between the amplitude and the offset or the incident angle is calculated (the amplitude of the prestack seismic gather changes with the incident angle or the offset, namely, the so-called AVO can be simplified into the true equation R (θ) ═ a + Bsin2(θ) + Csin2(θ) tan2(θ), wherein P is an intercept attribute, namely, the amplitude of the zero-offset seismic gather, and G is a gradient attribute, namely, the rate of change of the amplitude with the incident angle), then a set of prestack seismic gather is regenerated based on a fitting formula, the actual gather is manually judged, and abnormal amplitude traces are replaced in batches to achieve the purpose of amplitude compensation. The two methods have certain disadvantages, the two methods have large artificial subjective factors in zonal division, and lithological boundaries of different sedimentary facies zones are difficult to accurately define and depict due to factors such as transverse heterogeneity and microphase change of reservoir deposition, so that amplitude compensation through zonal division is difficult to control, and more or less compensation can not be quantified. The latter is influenced by the quality of seismic data, and the distribution of abnormal traces is slightly different, so that no matter whether bi-polynomial fitting or tri-polynomial fitting is used, due to the fact that the fitting formula is purely mathematical fitting, the fitting formula is completely deviated, even the fitting formula is opposite to the AVO characteristic of an actual trace gather, and the phenomenon of over-correction or under-fitting is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a well control and offset separation based prestack gather amplitude compensation method is provided aiming at the defects in the prior art, can guide the prestack seismic gather amplitude abnormal traces to carry out reasonable and effective amplitude compensation, improves the fidelity and the well seismic consistency of the prestack gather, and lays a data base for carrying out AVO attribute gas-containing analysis and prestack joint inversion by fully utilizing the prestack gather. .
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: constructing a well control and offset separation based prestack gather amplitude compensation method, comprising the following steps:
acquiring a vertical and horizontal wave curve and a density curve of a real drilling well, obtaining a theoretical gather section through forward modeling by combining a Zoeppritz equation, further carrying out AVO gradient analysis of a forward gather on the basis, and judging the AVO type;
carrying out AVO gradient analysis intersection graph on the actual drilling side channel seismic data; supposing that the angle full range of the original gather is 1-M, judging that the effective angle range of the CRP of the actual gather is N-M according to the AVO type obtained in the first step;
cutting off actual seismic gather data CRP according to an effective angle, reserving a gather in an effective angle range as a NEW data body CRP-NEW, and calculating an AVO attribute body based on the NEW data body CRP-NEW; wherein, the attribute body comprises three data bodies of intercept A, gradient B and third coefficient C;
the effective angle range is N-1 to M, A, B, C three data bodies are input into a Zoeppritz equation to calculate a data body r (theta), the Segy track head editing software is used for modifying the value of the track head byte position 37 to be N-1, and the new data body is stored to be r (theta)N-1；
Simultaneous loading of data volumes r (theta) in prestack gather modeN-1And CRP-NEW, noting that r (theta) is sequentially selectedN-1And CRP-NEW, the loading mode is selected as data body combination, and the name of the loaded NEW data body self-defined data body is CRP-NEWN-1；
The effective angle range is N-1 to M, and the NEW data CRP-NEWN-1Recalculating an AVO attribute body, wherein the AVO attribute body is a new data body comprising an intercept A, a gradient B and a third coefficient C;
inputting the new A, B, C three data bodies into Zoeppritz equation to calculate a data body r (theta), modifying the value of the track head byte position 37 to be N-2 by utilizing Segy track head editing software, and storing the new data body as r (theta)N-2；
The initial angle of the effective angle is changed into N-3, N-4,.. 2 and 1 in sequence, and new data volume is calculated and is r (theta) in sequenceN-3，r(θ)N-4，…r(θ)2，r(θ)1(ii) a Sequentially obtaining an amplitude compensated prestack gather data body CRP-NEWN-3、CRP-NEWN-4、…CRP-NEW1Data volume CRP-NEW1Namely the final prestack gather data volume obtained by the prestack gather amplitude compensation method.
Wherein, the change of the longitudinal wave reflection coefficient r with the incident angle theta according to the Aki-Richards formula simplifies and describes the Zoeppritz equation as:
r(θ)＝A+Bsin2(θ)+Csin2(θ)tan2(θ)。
the implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) enriches and perfects the pre-stack seismic amplitude compensation method and content, and provides a new amplitude compensation technical method.
2) The innovation provides that the combination of 'well + earthquake' is applied to the amplitude compensation technology, so that the result not only accords with the recognition conclusion of real drilling, but also widens the earthquake signal while keeping the effective earthquake signal.
3) The defects in the traditional seismic amplitude compensation method are overcome, firm basic research data are provided for developing reservoir gas-bearing AVO detection and prestack joint inversion based on prestack seismic, uncertainty of reservoir prediction results is reduced, and the method is significant.
4) The technical method can be used in an expanded mode under certain conditions, and in conventional seismic processing, when far-path amplitude signals are abnormal due to long offset and far-path amplitude caused by seismic acquisition and the like, amplitude compensation correction can be carried out by using the technology, and the method is not limited to near-offset amplitude compensation mentioned in the patent. The method can be used for amplitude compensation in abnormal amplitude of offset range of a certain rule of pre-stack earthquake, three-dimensional seismic data connection splicing processing and regularization processing, the actual application range of the patent is greatly widened, cost reduction and efficiency improvement become main melodies under the current low oil price market situation, and each oil field can fully utilize the existing pre-stack three-dimensional seismic data to develop oil-gas exploration and actual application to lay a solid foundation data preprocessing foundation.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a prestack gather amplitude compensation method based on well control and offset separation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a well control and offset separation based prestack gather amplitude compensation method, including:
acquiring a vertical and horizontal wave curve and a density curve of a real drilling well, obtaining a theoretical gather section through forward modeling by combining a Zoeppritz equation, further carrying out AVO gradient analysis of a forward gather on the basis, and judging the AVO type;
carrying out AVO gradient analysis intersection graph on the actual drilling side channel seismic data; supposing that the angle full range of the original gather is 1-M, judging that the effective angle range of the CRP of the actual gather is N-M according to the AVO type obtained in the first step;
cutting off actual seismic gather data CRP according to an effective angle, reserving a gather in an effective angle range as a NEW data body CRP-NEW, and calculating an AVO attribute body based on the NEW data body CRP-NEW; wherein, the attribute body comprises three data bodies of intercept A, gradient B and third coefficient C;
the effective angle range is N-1 to M, A, B, C three data bodies are input into a Zoeppritz equation to calculate a data body r (theta), the Segy track head editing software is used for modifying the value of the track head byte position 37 to be N-1, and the new data body is stored to be r (theta)N-1；
Simultaneous loading of data volumes r (theta) in prestack gather modeN-1And CRP-NEW, noting that r (theta) is sequentially selectedN-1And CRP-NEW, the loading mode is selected as data body combination, and the name of the loaded NEW data body self-defined data body is CRP-NEWN-1；
The effective angle range is N-1 to M, and the NEW data CRP-NEWN-1Recalculating an AVO attribute body, wherein the AVO attribute body is a new data body comprising an intercept A, a gradient B and a third coefficient C;
inputting the new A, B, C three data bodies into Zoeppritz equation to calculate a data body r (theta), modifying the value of the track head byte position 37 to be N-2 by utilizing Segy track head editing software, and storing the new data body as r (theta)N-2；
The initial angle of the effective angle is changed into N-3, N-4,.. 2 and 1 in sequence, and new data volume is calculated and is r (theta) in sequenceN-3，r(θ)N-4，…r(θ)2，r(θ)1(ii) a Sequentially obtaining an amplitude compensated prestack gather data body CRP-NEWN-3、CRP-NEWN-4、…CRP-NEW1Data volume CRP-NEW1Namely the final prestack gather data volume obtained by the prestack gather amplitude compensation method.
Wherein the plane longitudinal wave incident on the elastic interface is at the interfaceTwo sides forming four waves, i.e. reflected longitudinal waves rppAnd converts the transverse wave rpsTransmitting longitudinal wave rspAnd transmitted transverse wave rssThe relationship between these four wave energies and the upper and lower medium elastic parameters can be described precisely by the following Zoeppritz equation:
the Zoeppritz equation is simplified to describe the change in the compressional reflection coefficient r with the angle of incidence θ according to the Aki-Richards equation:
r(θ)＝A+Bsin2(θ)+Csin2(θ)tan2(θ)。
specifically, a certain three-dimensional seismic shale gas exploration area in southeast of the china is taken as an example for explanation. A section of compact limestone is taken as a target layer, 6 holes are drilled in a real well, and the characteristic of obvious near offset amplitude attenuation distortion of prestack offset gather data is discovered through comparison analysis of an actual gather and a forward gather, wherein the reason is mainly that the characteristics are influenced by seismic data acquisition and energy distribution and attenuation caused by the number of times of near offset coverage in a polar region.
In view of the above situation, the prestack seismic gather needs to be subjected to near channel amplitude compensation, and the specific implementation flow includes the following steps:
s1, performing angle gather conversion on the offset gather before folding to obtain an angle _ gather angle gather data volume, analyzing AVO characteristics of a target layer in a research area based on real drilling well analysis, analyzing AVO characteristics of actual seismic gather data based on a real drilling well side track, and integrating the AVO characteristics and the well side track characteristics of 6 wells, wherein the effective incidence angle range is 10-30 degrees through statistics. The 1-9 degree seismic amplitude trace is an abnormal trace and needs amplitude compensation.
S2, performing abnormal track excision to the angle _ gather data volume, only keeping the data volume in the effective angle range, and storing the data volume as angle _ gather-new.
S3, calculating an AVO attribute body based on the angle _ gather-new data body to obtain three data bodies of an intercept A, a gradient B and a third term coefficient C.
S4, a data volume r (θ)9 is calculated based on the formula r (θ) ═ a + Bsin2(θ) + Csin2(θ) tan2(θ), and the data volume header byte 37 position data is modified to 9.
S5, simultaneous loading r (theta)9And an angle _ gather-new data volume loaded in a pre-stack gather type and merged data volume manner to obtain amplitude compensated post-stack gather data angle _ gather-new with an incident angle range of 9-30 degrees9。
S6, based on angle _ gather-new9And recalculating the AVO attribute body to obtain three data bodies of intercept A, gradient B and third coefficient C. The data volume r (θ) is calculated based on the formula r (θ) ═ A + Bsin2(θ) + Csin2(θ) tan2(θ)8The modified data body header byte 37 position data is 8. Simultaneous loading r (theta)8And angle _ gather-new9Loading data volume in the mode of pre-stack gather type and merged data volume to obtain amplitude compensated pre-stack gather data angle _ gather-new with incident angle range of 8-30 deg8。
And S7, repeating the above work to finally obtain the pre-stack seismic channel gather data volume after 1-30-degree amplitude compensation. The near channel amplitude energy of the seismic channel gather after amplitude compensation is obviously improved, and the change rule of the amplitude along with the offset is more reasonable and natural.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) enriches and perfects the pre-stack seismic amplitude compensation method and content, and provides a new amplitude compensation technical method.
2) The innovation provides that the combination of 'well + earthquake' is applied to the amplitude compensation technology, so that the result not only accords with the recognition conclusion of real drilling, but also widens the earthquake signal while keeping the effective earthquake signal.
3) The defects in the traditional seismic amplitude compensation method are overcome, firm basic research data are provided for developing reservoir gas-bearing AVO detection and prestack joint inversion based on prestack seismic, uncertainty of reservoir prediction results is reduced, and the method is significant.
4) The technical method can be used in an expanded mode under certain conditions, and in conventional seismic processing, when far-path amplitude signals are abnormal due to long offset and far-path amplitude caused by seismic acquisition and the like, amplitude compensation correction can be carried out by using the technology, and the method is not limited to near-offset amplitude compensation mentioned in the patent. The method can be used for amplitude compensation in abnormal amplitude of offset range of a certain rule of pre-stack earthquake, three-dimensional seismic data connection splicing processing and regularization processing, the actual application range of the patent is greatly widened, cost reduction and efficiency improvement become main melodies under the current low oil price market situation, and each oil field can fully utilize the existing pre-stack three-dimensional seismic data to develop oil-gas exploration and actual application to lay a solid foundation data preprocessing foundation.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A prestack gather amplitude compensation method based on well control and offset separation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a vertical and horizontal wave curve and a density curve of a real drilling well, obtaining a theoretical gather section through forward modeling by combining a Zoeppritz equation, further carrying out AVO gradient analysis of a forward gather on the basis, and judging the AVO type;
carrying out AVO gradient analysis intersection graph on the actual drilling side channel seismic data; supposing that the angle full range of the original gather is 1-M, judging that the effective angle range of the CRP of the actual gather is N-M according to the AVO type obtained in the first step;
cutting off actual seismic gather data CRP according to an effective angle, reserving a gather in an effective angle range as a NEW data body CRP-NEW, and calculating an AVO attribute body based on the NEW data body CRP-NEW; wherein, the attribute body comprises three data bodies of intercept A, gradient B and third coefficient C;
effective angle ranges from N-1 to M, and A, B, C data volumes are input into Zoeppritz's equationCalculating to obtain a data body r (theta), modifying the track head byte position 37 to be N-1 by utilizing Segy track head editing software, and storing the data body as a new data body r (theta)N-1；
Simultaneous loading of data volumes r (theta) in prestack gather modeN-1And CRP-NEW, noting that r (theta) is sequentially selectedN-1And CRP-NEW, the loading mode is selected as data body combination, and the name of the loaded NEW data body self-defined data body is CRP-NEWN-1；
The effective angle range is N-1 to M, and the NEW data CRP-NEWN-1Recalculating an AVO attribute body, wherein the AVO attribute body is a new data body comprising an intercept A, a gradient B and a third coefficient C;
inputting the new A, B, C three data bodies into Zoeppritz equation to calculate a data body r (theta), modifying the value of the track head byte position 37 to be N-2 by utilizing Segy track head editing software, and storing the new data body as r (theta)N-2；
The initial angle of the effective angle is changed into N-3, N-4,.. 2 and 1 in sequence, and new data volume is calculated and is r (theta) in sequenceN-3，r(θ)N-4，…r(θ)2，r(θ)1(ii) a Sequentially obtaining an amplitude compensated prestack gather data body CRP-NEWN-3、CRP-NEWN-4、…CRP-NEW1Data volume CRP-NEW1Namely the final prestack gather data volume obtained by the prestack gather amplitude compensation method.
2. The well control and offset based prestack gather amplitude compensation method of claim 1, characterized in that the Zoeppritz equation is simplified as follows from the change of compressional reflection coefficient r with incident angle θ according to the Aki-Richards equation:
r(θ)＝A+Bsin2(θ)+Csin2(θ)tan2(θ) 。
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