CN112461351A - Miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone - Google Patents
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- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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Abstract
The invention provides a miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone, which comprises: the device comprises a narrow-linewidth light source (1), a signal sounder (2), an acousto-optic modulator (3), an optical fiber circulator (4), an optical fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) and an acquisition/demodulation system (6); the narrow line width light source (1) is respectively connected with the acousto-optic modulator (3) and the signal sounder (2); the acousto-optic modulator (3) is connected with the optical fiber circulator (4); the optical fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) is connected with the optical fiber circulator (4); the acquisition/demodulation system (6) is connected with the optical fiber circulator (4). The invention has high stability, adopts the three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophone in the form of the combination of pressure difference and co-vibration, and is suitable for the intermediate frequency working band between low frequency and high frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing of ocean observation, in particular to a miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone, and particularly relates to an optical fiber vector hydrophone which is highly integrated in a sphere of the miniaturized optical fiber vector hydrophone in a three-dimensional pressure difference mode and a three-dimensional co-vibration mode.
Background
The optical fiber hydrophone is an underwater acoustic signal sensor based on optical fiber and photoelectronic technology. The interference type optical fiber hydrophone changes the refractive index or length of an optical fiber core by generating pressure on the optical fiber through the action of underwater sound waves, thereby causing the optical path of light beams propagating in the optical fiber to change and directly causing the optical phase to change. This phase change can be detected using interferometric techniques and associated underwater acoustic information obtained. The basic principle of the optical fiber hydrophone is to detect sound pressure information of a water sound field, and the optical fiber hydrophone is a scalar water sound signal sensor.
The optical fiber vector hydrophone is a novel underwater sound vector signal sensor using optical fibers as a sensing medium, and generally comprises a sound pressure sensor and an acceleration vector sensor consisting of three scalar sensors, so that the optical fiber vector hydrophone not only can obtain scalar sound pressure signals, but also can obtain acceleration signals of an underwater sound field, and further can obtain other vector information of the underwater sound field, including vector information such as energy propagation direction, acceleration signals, sound signal propagation direction and the like.
The time division multiplexing technology of the fiber optic hydrophone generally utilizes an optical pulse modulator to generate optical pulses, and a certain length of delay fiber to provide corresponding time delay. Due to the effect of the delay fiber, the optical pulses launched into the fiber-optic time division multiplexing network arrive at the respective hydrophones with a certain time interval τ in the time domain. As long as the width T of the input pulse is less than τ, the pulses returning from different hydrophones do not overlap on the output fiber. A series of output pulses are generated from one input pulse. These temporally alternating output pulses represent a temporal sampling of the respective sensor output interference fringes. Time division multiplexing is the most interesting multiplexing technique in fiber optic hydrophone applications. Compared with other multiplexing technologies, the time division multiplexing technology has obvious advantages in the aspects of array multiplexing number, array topological structure complexity, system size and the like.
The PGC method has the basic idea that a phase carrier is generated in the output phase of the interferometer, so that the output signal can be decomposed into two orthogonal components, and the two orthogonal components are respectively processed to obtain a linear expression of the signal. One is a DCM-based PGC demodulation technique, and the other is based on the principle of the arctangent PGC algorithm.
The noise reduction scheme of the reference interferometer adopts the arm length difference of the reference interferometer to be consistent with the arm length difference of an optical fiber hydrophone element used in the system, output signals all contain optical phase noise introduced by a light source or light modulation, and the optical phase noise and signal light with acoustic information returned by a sensing light path are received by a photoelectric detector and enter an acquisition system, so that the purpose of utilizing the noise output of the reference interferometer to offset the phase noise of devices such as the light source, the acoustic-light modulator and the like of the system and reducing the background noise of the system is achieved.
The existing interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone is generally formed by matching and combining a spherical homovibration type three-dimensional optical fiber vector hydrophone and a standard optical fiber hydrophone. The defects of large occupied volume, single function, high synchronous acquisition requirement and the like exist, and the miniaturization and the optimization promotion in the high-performance direction of the optical fiber vector hydrophone are limited. On the other hand, the optical fiber is easy to break in the actual engineering, and the optical fiber of any sensing element is damaged, so that the whole optical fiber vector hydrophone cannot work, the reliability is not high, and the actual cost of engineering application is directly increased.
Patent document CN109765561A discloses an optical fiber hydrophone array segment structure and an optical fiber hydrophone array structure, where the optical fiber hydrophone array segment structure includes: a hydrophone unit and a support unit; the supporting unit includes: the device comprises a spiral supporting framework, a device supporting framework, a sleeve and a filling layer; the spiral support frame is sleeved with a plurality of device support frames, the hydrophone unit is sleeved on the spiral support frame, filling layers are arranged between two adjacent device support frames and between the hydrophone unit and the device support frames, and the hydrophone unit, the device support frames and the filling layers are all sleeved in the sleeve. There is still room for improvement in structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone.
The invention provides a miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone, which comprises: the device comprises a narrow-linewidth light source 1, a signal sounder 2, an acoustic-optical modulator 3, an optical fiber circulator 4, an optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 and an acquisition/demodulation system 6; the narrow line width light source 1 is respectively connected with the acousto-optic modulator 3 and the signal sounder 2; the acousto-optic modulator 3 is connected with the optical fiber circulator 4; the optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 is connected with the optical fiber circulator 4; the acquisition/demodulation system 6 is connected to the fiber optic circulator 4.
Preferably, the narrow linewidth light source 1 includes: an optical isolator; the optical isolator is arranged in the narrow-linewidth light source 1.
Preferably, the electrical input port of the narrow linewidth light source 1 is connected to the output port of the signal generator 2.
Preferably, the input end of the optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the output end of the acousto-optic modulator;
and the output end of the optical fiber circulator is connected with the input end of the optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 through a flange plate.
Preferably, the collection/demodulation system 6 is connected to the output of the fiber optic circulator 4 as a signal collection and detection instrument.
Preferably, the fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 comprises: a first Z-axis sensor 7, a second Z-axis sensor 9, a first X-axis sensor 8, a second X-axis sensor 10, a first Y-axis sensor, and a second Y-axis sensor;
the first Z-axis sensor 7, the second Z-axis sensor 9, the first X-axis sensor 8, the second X-axis sensor 10, the first Y-axis sensor and the second Y-axis sensor form a differential pressure sensor;
the internal mechanical structure of the optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 is divided into ZXY axes.
Preferably, the fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 further comprises: a first resonance sensor 11, a second resonance sensor 12, and a third resonance sensor 13;
the first resonance sensor 11, the second resonance sensor 12, and the third resonance sensor 13 are provided on the ZXY axis.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a mass block 14 and a packaging spherical shell 15;
the mass block 14 is connected with the first synchronous vibration sensor 11, the second synchronous vibration sensor 12 and the third synchronous vibration sensor 13;
the mass 14 is disposed inside the encapsulating spherical shell 15.
Preferably, the internal optical path of the fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 comprises: 8 beam splitters 16 and 9 fibre sensors 18;
the 8 optical splitters 16 and the 9 optical fiber sensors 18 are connected in a time division multiplexing mode;
the splitting ratio of the splitting coupler 16 is 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2 and 1: 1.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a reference interferometer 17, a probe internal optical path and a vibration-proof and sound-proof device;
at the dry end, the probe internal optical path and a reference interferometer 17 are connected in series by a 1:1 beam splitter 16, and the reference interferometer 17 is placed in a vibration-proof and sound-proof device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a miniaturized optical fiber vector hydrophone sphere which is highly integrated in a three-dimensional pressure difference mode and a three-dimensional resonance mode. The combination can be equivalent to a plurality of 4-component optical vector hydrophones, each sound field signal can be detected, a plurality of groups of data can be generated at the same time, namely, one sound field is tested for many times, the reliability, the stability and the accuracy of the optical vector hydrophones are improved, in the actual engineering, the damage of each optical fiber sensor does not influence the normal work of the system, and the combination is an invention generated for the integration and the expansion of the miniaturized optical vector hydrophones.
2. In the invention, the system integrates 6 differential pressure sensors and 3 co-vibration sensors, and the dry end and the wet end inside and outside the sphere are connected through one optical fiber, so that the combination forms can be various, and the new three-dimensional optical fiber vector hydrophones formed by the combination forms have different performances, thereby expanding the overall performance of the system;
3. in the invention, the three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophone adopting a three-dimensional differential pressure combination form is suitable for a high-frequency working frequency band; the higher the frequency of the underwater acoustic signal to be detected is, the higher the sensitivity of equivalent sound pressure is; the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved through algorithm and sampling rate design; by adopting a demodulation method of a noise reduction scheme of the reference interferometer, the background of the system can be greatly reduced. And this combination of forms greatly improves the impact resistance of the system. The three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophone adopting the three-dimensional co-vibration combination mode is suitable for low-frequency working frequency and high in stability. The three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophone adopting the combination of pressure difference and resonance is suitable for the intermediate frequency working frequency band between low frequency and high frequency.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of a fiber optic vector sensor system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure and orientation of a fiber-optic vector hydrophone probe according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal optical path of the fiber vector hydrophone probe of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a noise reduction scheme and algorithm for a fiber vector hydrophone system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the detection signal frequency and the acceleration sensitivity of the fiber-vector hydrophone of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
A miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone system comprises a narrow line width light source 1, a signal sounder 2, an acoustic-optical modulator 3, a three-port optical fiber circulator 4, a miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 and an acquisition and demodulation system 6.
The optical output end of a narrow-linewidth light source 1 with an optical isolator is connected with an acousto-optic modulator 3, an electrical input port of the narrow-linewidth light source is connected with an output port of a signal sound generator 2, an input end A of a three-port optical fiber circulator 4 of the narrow-linewidth light source is connected with an output end of the acousto-optic modulator, and an output end B of the optical fiber circulator is connected with an input end of an optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 through a flange plate. The acquisition and demodulation system 6 is connected with the output end C of the optical fiber circulator to be used as a signal acquisition and detection instrument.
The internal mechanical structure of the miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 is divided into XYZ axes, and sensors on the Z axis are 7 and 9 to form a differential pressure sensor; 8 and 10 are sensors on the X-axis forming differential pressure sensors; there is also a differential pressure sensor, not shown here, at the Y-axis position. The sensors 11, 12 and 13 are resonance sensors on ZXY axes respectively; 14 is a mass block, and 15 is a packaging spherical shell.
The internal optical path of the miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 comprises 8 optical splitters and 9 optical fiber sensors 18 which are connected in a time division multiplexing mode. The splitting ratio of the light splitting coupler is 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2 and 1:1 respectively. At the dry end, the probe internal optical path and a reference interferometer 17 are connected in parallel through a 1:1 beam splitter 16, and the reference interferometer 17 is placed in a vibration-proof and sound-proof device.
Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a miniaturized highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone system includes: the device comprises a narrow line width light source 1, a signal sounder 2, an acousto-optic modulator 3, a three-port optical fiber circulator 4, an optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5 and a collecting and demodulating system 6.
The working mode of the invention is as follows: the signal generator 2 generates a carrier signal to the PZT of the narrow linewidth light source 1, and the narrow linewidth light source 1 with the built-in optical isolator generates a laser signal with a carrier, such as a 20kHz carrier, continuous light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. Laser changes continuous light into pulsed light through acousto-optic modulator 3, the input port A of three-port optical fiber circulator 4 is propagated into, delivery outlet B through the optical fiber circulator enters optical fiber vector hydrophone probe 5, detect the water sound field signal through inside 8 beam splitting couplers and 9 sensors of optical fiber vector hydrophone probe, can return 9 groups of pulsed light that contain the acoustic signal, delivery outlet C through the optical fiber circulator links to each other with the collection demodulation system, finally demodulate out by the various unknowns of detected sound field. The dry end and the wet end are connected through an optical fiber inside and outside the sphere.
The working principle of the XYZ axis differential pressure sensor is as follows: two interferometers are adopted to respectively sense sound pressure signals of two points, and the demodulation results of the two interferometers are mutually comparedAnd subtracting to obtain sound pressure difference, and adding to obtain the sound pressure of the central point of the vector hydrophone. More outputs can be obtained and better noise performance is achieved.
Representing the acoustic signal detected by each of the sensors,
representing the acoustic signal detected by the reference interferometer,
represents the system noise detected by each of the sensors,
representing the system noise detected by the reference interferometer. System noise may be cancelled by the algorithm of fig. 4.
The working principle of the XYZ axis co-vibration sensor is as follows: taking the X axis as an example, the other axes are the same, two arms of the optical fiber Michelson interferometer are respectively wound on the outer sides of the cylindrical shell elastic bodies of the air cavity, the mass block is bonded between the two symmetrical elastic bodies, the other ends of the two elastic bodies are sealed and then are glued with the packaging shell of the optical fiber vector hydrophone, and in an initial state, the gravity of the heavy mass block, the elastic restoring force of the elastic bodies and the optical fiber pretension force interact to enable the elastic bodies to be in a balanced state. When the sensor head is subjected to the acceleration a in the direction, the mass generates tensile and compressive forces on the two elastic bodies respectively due to inertia, so that the shell expands and contracts in the radial direction, and one arm of the wound optical fiber is stretched and the other arm is shortened, and the push-pull output is obtained.
The system is characterized in that a reference interferometer with the same arm length difference is connected in parallel at the dry end in a multiplexing mode of a graph 3, the reference interferometer is arranged in a shockproof sound insulation device, and then a noise reduction algorithm of the graph 4 is adopted, so that the background of the system can be greatly reduced. Because the differential pressure itself adopts a double interferometer form, the background reduction effect of 6 differential pressure sensors is better than that of 3 co-vibration sensors. The miniaturized high-integration optical fiber vector hydrophone can be equivalent to a plurality of three-dimensional four-component optical fiber vector hydrophones, and the reliability and the accuracy of a system are greatly improved.
In addition, the system adopts 1 combination of three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophones in a three-dimensional pressure difference combination mode, is suitable for a high-frequency working frequency band, the higher the frequency of the underwater acoustic signal to be detected is, the higher the sensitivity of equivalent sound pressure is, and the signal in the noise can be recovered by increasing the integration time in the algorithm. By adopting a demodulation method of a noise reduction scheme of the reference interferometer, the background of the system can be greatly reduced. And the combination of the forms greatly improves the shock resistance of the system and can measure the sound pressure gradient. The three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophone adopting the three-dimensional co-vibration combination form has 1 combination, is suitable for low-frequency working frequency and has high stability. The three-dimensional optical fiber hydrophones adopting the pressure difference and resonance combination form totally 6 types are suitable for the intermediate frequency working frequency band between low frequency and high frequency. In addition, the design has three combination forms, and the function repetition is not described.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A miniaturized highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone, comprising: the device comprises a narrow-linewidth light source (1), a signal sounder (2), an acousto-optic modulator (3), an optical fiber circulator (4), an optical fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) and an acquisition/demodulation system (6);
the narrow line width light source (1) is respectively connected with the acousto-optic modulator (3) and the signal sounder (2);
the acousto-optic modulator (3) is connected with the optical fiber circulator (4);
the optical fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) is connected with the optical fiber circulator (4);
the acquisition/demodulation system (6) is connected with the optical fiber circulator (4).
2. The miniaturized high integrated fiber vector hydrophone according to claim 1, wherein the narrow linewidth light source (1) comprises: an optical isolator;
the optical isolator is arranged in the narrow-line-width light source (1).
3. The miniaturized high integrated fiber vector hydrophone according to claim 1, wherein the electrical input port of the narrow linewidth light source (1) is connected to the output port of the signal sound generator (2).
4. The miniaturized high integrated fiber vector hydrophone according to claim 1, wherein the input end of the fiber circulator (4) is connected to the output end of the acousto-optic modulator;
the output end of the optical fiber circulator is connected with the input end of the optical fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) through a flange plate.
5. The miniaturized highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone according to claim 1, wherein the acquisition/demodulation system (6) is connected to the output of the fiber circulator (4) as a signal acquisition and detection instrument.
6. The miniaturized, highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) comprises: a first Z-axis sensor (7), a second Z-axis sensor (9), a first X-axis sensor (8), a second X-axis sensor (10), a first Y-axis sensor and a second Y-axis sensor;
the first Z-axis sensor (7), the second Z-axis sensor (9), the first X-axis sensor (8), the second X-axis sensor (10), the first Y-axis sensor and the second Y-axis sensor form a differential pressure sensor;
the internal mechanical structure of the fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) is divided into ZXY axes.
7. The miniaturized, high integrated fiber vector hydrophone of claim 6, wherein the fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) further comprises: a first resonance sensor (11), a second resonance sensor (12) and a third resonance sensor (13);
the first resonance sensor (11), the second resonance sensor (12) and the third resonance sensor (13) are arranged on a ZXY axis.
8. The miniaturized, highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone of claim 7, further comprising: a mass block (14) and a packaging spherical shell (15);
the mass block (14) is connected with a first synchronous vibration sensor (11), a second synchronous vibration sensor (12) and a third synchronous vibration sensor (13);
the mass block (14) is arranged inside the packaging spherical shell (15).
9. The miniaturized, highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the internal optical path of the fiber vector hydrophone probe (5) comprises: 8 beam-splitting couplers (16) and 9 optical fiber sensors (18);
the 8 optical splitters (16) and the 9 optical fiber sensors (18) are connected in a time division multiplexing mode;
the splitting ratio of the splitting coupler (16) is 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2 and 1:1 respectively.
10. The miniaturized, highly integrated fiber vector hydrophone of claim 9, further comprising: a reference interferometer (17), a probe internal optical path and a vibration-proof sound insulation device;
at the dry end, the internal optical path of the probe and a reference interferometer (17) are connected in series through a 1:1 optical splitter coupler (16), and the reference interferometer (17) is arranged in a shockproof sound insulation device.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113295260A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-24 | 珠海任驰光电科技有限公司 | Optical fiber hydrophone based on push-pull structure |
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