CN112460106A - Fastener design capable of being rapidly disassembled and assembled and use method - Google Patents
Fastener design capable of being rapidly disassembled and assembled and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112460106A CN112460106A CN202011402313.1A CN202011402313A CN112460106A CN 112460106 A CN112460106 A CN 112460106A CN 202011402313 A CN202011402313 A CN 202011402313A CN 112460106 A CN112460106 A CN 112460106A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
- F16B2200/77—Use of a shape-memory material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the field of fastener design and manufacture, and particularly relates to a fastener design capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled and a use method. The design method of the quick-detachable fastener comprises the following steps: step one, determining the component proportion in the manufacturing material of the fastener, wherein the manufacturing material is made of shape memory alloy; step two, carrying out structural design on the fastener; and step three, performing pre-deformation training on the fastener. According to the design method of the fastener capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled, the designed fastener can be quickly assembled and disassembled, can bear large load, does not need to machine threads, matched nuts and the like, can be used independently, reduces the structural weight, does not need a special disassembling and assembling tool, does not need special assembling and disassembling space, can be used for connection of a closed area, and can not be damaged by the construction of a connecting joint in the assembling and disassembling process.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of fastener design and manufacture, and particularly relates to a fastener design capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled and a use method.
Background
The fastener is a connecting piece commonly used in the fields of aviation, aerospace and mechanical manufacturing, commonly used are bolts, rivets, pull nails and the like, is used for fastening and connecting more than two parts with through holes, and has a wide application range. At present, fasteners with conventional sizes at home and abroad are generally designed into standard parts, the materials are generally stainless steel or titanium alloy, wherein bolts have stronger bearing capacity, but threads with certain precision need to be processed so as to be matched with nuts for use, and certain installation space is needed; rivets and pull nails are generally used for connection with relatively small load, certain installation space is also needed, and certain special equipment is needed for installation; the conventional fasteners described above are only used for blind connections in confined areas. During disassembly, the rivet and the rivet can only be damaged; for the bolt, the fastener and the hole can generate certain deformation due to long-term bearing or load transmission, so that the disassembly is extremely difficult. Especially, if the interference fit is adopted, the disassembly and the assembly are more difficult in the later use and maintenance and repair processes, the situation that individual bolts are broken in bolt holes or the hole walls of the connecting structure are scratched in the disassembly and the assembly is easy to occur, and the maintenance period and the maintenance cost are increased.
Accordingly, a technical solution is desired to overcome or at least alleviate at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to a quick-release fastener design and method of use that solves at least one of the problems of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a first aspect of the present application provides a method of designing a quick-detachable fastener, including:
step one, determining the component proportion in the manufacturing material of the fastener, wherein the manufacturing material is made of shape memory alloy;
step two, carrying out structural design on the fastener;
and step three, performing pre-deformation training on the fastener.
Optionally, in the step one, the proportion of alloy elements is selected so that the shape memory alloy satisfies the following condition:
the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms of the shape memory alloy is controlled below the lowest temperature for normal working use of the fastener;
austenite phase transition end temperature A of the shape memory alloyfBelow the maximum temperature that the joint structure can withstand when the fastener is assembled.
Optionally, the shape memory alloy is a titanium-nickel two-way shape memory alloy.
Alternatively,
controlling the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms of the titanium-nickel two-way shape memory alloy to be-20 ℃;
austenite phase transition finishing temperature A of the titanium-nickel two-way shape memory alloyfThe temperature was controlled at 20 ℃.
Optionally, in step two, the structural design of the fastener includes:
the fastener comprises a head, an interlayer section and a stop end which are connected in sequence, wherein,
the head is designed to be countersunk or non-countersunk;
in the martensite state, the diameter d2 of the interlayer segment is smaller than the aperture d0, and in the austenite state, the diameter d2 of the interlayer segment is larger than the aperture d 0;
the section of the stop end is designed into a hollow structure, the section rigidity of the stop end is smaller than that of the interlayer, the outer diameter d3 of the stop end is smaller than the aperture d0 in a martensite state, and the outer diameter d3 of the stop end is larger than the aperture d0 in an austenite state.
Optionally, in step three, the pre-deformation training of the fastener comprises:
s301, reducing the temperature to the martensite transformation finishing temperature MfThen, carrying out stretching or compression pre-deformation training on the fastener to induce martensite phase transformation;
s302, raising the temperature to austenite transformation finishing temperature AfAs described above, the fastener is restored to the austenite state, and after cooling, it is returned to S301 and vice versaAnd (5) performing repeated training to form two-way shape memory.
A second aspect of the present application provides a method of using a quick-detachable fastener, based on a fastener designed by the quick-detachable fastener design method as described above, including:
installing a fastener in the connecting hole in a martensitic state;
raising the temperature to the austenite transformation end temperature AfIn the above, the fastener automatically restores to an austenite state, the diameter of the interlayer section of the fastener and the outer diameter of the stop end automatically expand to be larger than the aperture, and automatic fixation is realized;
and reducing the temperature below the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms, automatically recovering the fastener to a martensite state, automatically reducing the diameter of the interlayer section and the outer diameter of the stop end of the fastener to be smaller than the aperture, and taking out the fastener.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the design method of the fastener capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled, the designed fastener can be quickly assembled and disassembled, can bear large load, does not need to machine threads, matched nuts and the like, can be used independently, reduces the structural weight, does not need a special disassembling and assembling tool, does not need special assembling and disassembling space, can be used for connection of a closed area, and can not be damaged by the construction of a connecting joint in the assembling and disassembling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the austenitic state of a quick release fastener according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the martensite state of a quick release fastener according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a quick disconnect fastener assembly according to one embodiment of the present application.
Wherein:
1-a head; 2-interlayer section; 3-stop end.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are a subset of the embodiments in the present application and not all embodiments in the present application. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
A first aspect of the present application provides a method of designing a quick-release fastener, comprising the steps of:
step one, determining the component proportion in the manufacturing material of the fastener, wherein the manufacturing material is made of shape memory alloy;
step two, carrying out structural design on the fastener;
and step three, performing pre-deformation training on the fastener.
According to the design method of the fastener capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled, in the first step, the shape memory alloy meets the following conditions through alloy element proportion selection:
controlling the martensite transformation starting temperature Ms of the shape memory alloy to be below the lowest temperature for normal working use of the fastener;
austenite transformation end temperature A of shape memory alloyfBelow the maximum temperature that the joint structure can withstand when the fastener is assembled.
The shape memory alloy material has large deformation capacity and double-pass shape memory capacity, the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms of the shape memory alloy is controlled below the lowest temperature for normal working use of the fastener by selecting the material component proportion in the shape memory alloy, and the problems of fastener loosening and material performance reduction caused by martensite phase transformation due to temperature change during the working of the fastener are avoided; austenite phase transition end temperature AfThe highest temperature which can be borne by the connecting structure when the fastener is assembled is controlled to be lower than the highest temperature, and if the temperature can be controlled to be lower than the highest temperature, unnecessary high-temperature heating processes and the like are reduced.
In the method for designing the quickly detachable fastener, in the second step, the structural design of the fastener comprises the following steps: the fastener comprises a head part 1, an interlayer section 2 and a stop end 3 which are connected in sequence, as shown in figures 1 to 3, wherein the head part 1 of the fastener can be designed to be countersunk or not countersunk according to requirements; in the martensite state, the diameter d2 of the interlayer section 2 is smaller than the aperture d0, and in the austenite state, the diameter d2 of the interlayer section 2 is larger than the aperture d0, so that the rapid disassembly and assembly are realized; the section of the stopping end 3 is designed into a hollow structure, the section rigidity of the stopping end 3 is smaller than that of the interlayer section 2, so that the radial deformation of the stopping end 3 is larger than that of the interlayer section 2 during training, the outer diameter d3 of the stopping end 3 is smaller than the aperture d0 in a martensite state, and the outer diameter d3 of the stopping end 3 is larger than the aperture d0 in an austenite state, so that the fixing requirement is met.
The application discloses a fastener design method capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled, in step three, the pre-deformation training of the fastener comprises the following steps:
s301, reducing the temperature to the martensite transformation finishing temperature MfPerforming stretching or compression pre-deformation training on the fastener to induce martensite phase transformation;
s302, raising the temperature to austenite transformation finishing temperature AfThe fastener returns to the austenite state, returns to S301 after cooling, and is repeatedly trained to form the two-way shape memory.
In one embodiment of the application, the design process is utilized to design a quick-detachable fastener with the diameter of 10mm, the diameter of a connecting hole of the fastener is 10mm, and the design requirement of the working environment temperature is-20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
Firstly, material design is carried out, a titanium-nickel two-pass shape memory alloy is selected, the maximum deformation capacity of the two passes is 8%, the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms is controlled at-20 ℃ through the selection of alloy element proportion, and the martensite phase transformation finishing temperature M is controlledfControlling the temperature to be-40 ℃ so that martensite phase transformation can not be generated during working; the austenite phase transition starting temperature As is controlled at 0 ℃, and the austenite phase transition finishing temperature AfControlling the temperature at 20 ℃;
secondly, the structure of the fastener is designed, the head 1 of the fastener can be designed to be a countersunk head or a non-countersunk head according to requirements, the diameter d2 of the interlayer section 2 is 10mm, the section of the stop end 3 is designed to be hollow, the outer diameter d3 is 10.8mm, and the inner diameter is 6 mm;
finally, pre-deformation training, namely reducing the temperature to be below minus 30 ℃, carrying out stretching or compression pre-deformation training on the fastener to induce martensite phase transformation, and finally reducing the diameter d2 of the interlayer section 2 to be below 10mm and reducing the outer diameter d3 of the stop end 3 to be below 10 mm; heating, raising the temperature to above 20 ℃ of austenite transformation finishing temperature, recovering the fastener to the shape of austenite, cooling, inducing martensite phase transformation, and repeatedly training to form two-way shape memory.
Based on the fastener designed by the above-mentioned quick-detachable fastener design method, a second aspect of the present application provides a quick-detachable fastener using method, including the steps of:
installing a fastener in the connecting hole in a martensitic state;
raising the temperature to the austenite transformation end temperature AfIn the above, the fastener automatically restores to an austenite state, the diameter of the interlayer section 2 and the outer diameter of the stop end 3 of the fastener automatically expand to be larger than the aperture, and automatic fixation is realized;
and reducing the temperature below the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms, automatically recovering the fastener to a martensite state, automatically reducing the diameter of the interlayer section 2 and the outer diameter of the stop end 3 of the fastener to be smaller than the aperture, and taking out the fastener.
In one embodiment of the present application, the installation process: in a martensite state, a fastener is directly placed into the connecting hole, local heating is carried out, when the temperature is 20 ℃ higher than the austenite phase transformation finishing temperature, the diameter d2 of the interlayer section 2 can automatically return to the austenite state by 10mm, and the outer diameter d3 of the stopping end 3 automatically returns to the austenite state by 10.8mm, so that stopping is realized. The dismounting process: when the temperature of the local cooling fastener is cooled to be below minus 20 ℃, the diameter of the interlayer section 2 and the outer diameter of the stop end 3 are automatically reduced to be below 10mm, and the local cooling fastener can be directly taken out.
The fastener can be quickly installed and disassembled, can bear larger load, does not need to process threads, matched nuts and the like, can be independently used, lightens the structural weight, does not need a special disassembling tool, does not need special assembling and disassembling space, can be used for connection of a closed area, and can not be damaged by constructing a connecting joint in the installation and disassembling process.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for designing a quick-release fastener, comprising:
step one, determining the component proportion in the manufacturing material of the fastener, wherein the manufacturing material is made of shape memory alloy;
step two, carrying out structural design on the fastener;
and step three, performing pre-deformation training on the fastener.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the shape memory alloy satisfies the following conditions by selecting the alloy element ratio:
the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms of the shape memory alloy is controlled below the lowest temperature for normal working use of the fastener;
austenite phase transition end temperature A of the shape memory alloyfBelow the maximum temperature that the joint structure can withstand when the fastener is assembled.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the shape memory alloy is a titanium-nickel two-way shape memory alloy.
4. The quick release fastener design method of claim 3,
controlling the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms of the titanium-nickel two-way shape memory alloy to be-20 ℃;
austenite phase transition finishing temperature A of the titanium-nickel two-way shape memory alloyfThe temperature was controlled at 20 ℃.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step two, the step of designing the structure of the fastener comprises:
the fastener comprises a head (1), an interlayer section (2) and a stop end (3) which are connected in sequence, wherein,
the head (1) is designed to be countersunk or non-countersunk;
in the martensitic state, the diameter d2 of the interlayer segment (2) is smaller than the pore diameter d0, and in the austenitic state, the diameter d2 of the interlayer segment (2) is larger than the pore diameter d 0;
the section of the stop end (3) is designed to be a hollow structure, the section rigidity of the stop end (3) is smaller than that of the interlayer section (2), the outer diameter d3 of the stop end (3) is smaller than the aperture d0 in a martensite state, and the outer diameter d3 of the stop end (3) is larger than the aperture d0 in an austenite state.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pre-forming training of the fastener comprises:
s301, reducing the temperature to the martensite transformation finishing temperature MfThen, carrying out stretching or compression pre-deformation training on the fastener to induce martensite phase transformation;
s302, raising the temperature to austenite transformation finishing temperature AfThe fastener returns to the austenite state, returns to S301 after cooling, and is repeatedly trained to form a two-way shape memory.
7. A method of using a quick-release fastener based on a fastener designed by the quick-release fastener designing method according to claim 6, comprising:
installing a fastener in the connecting hole in a martensitic state;
raising the temperature to the austenite transformation end temperature AfThe fastener automatically restores to an austenite state, the diameter of the interlayer section (2) of the fastener and the outer diameter of the stop end (3) automatically expand to be larger than the aperture, and automatic fixation is realized;
and reducing the temperature below the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms, automatically recovering the fastener to a martensite state, automatically reducing the diameter of the interlayer section (2) and the outer diameter of the stop end (3) of the fastener to be smaller than the aperture, and taking out the fastener.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011402313.1A CN112460106A (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Fastener design capable of being rapidly disassembled and assembled and use method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011402313.1A CN112460106A (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Fastener design capable of being rapidly disassembled and assembled and use method |
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| CN112460106A true CN112460106A (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114166044A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Can dismantle and fire oil radiator core and fire oil radiator |
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| CN103194694A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-10 | 大连交通大学 | Iron-based shape memory alloy locking bolt as well as production and application method thereof |
| CN209705005U (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-11-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | A kind of fast assembling-disassembling fastener |
| CN111020338A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-17 | 四川大学 | Ultralow temperature service nickel-titanium-niobium shape memory alloy |
| CN111609027A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-01 | 西北工业大学 | Bushing and method for compensating deviation of connecting hole of aircraft wall plate |
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2020
- 2020-12-04 CN CN202011402313.1A patent/CN112460106A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103194694A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-10 | 大连交通大学 | Iron-based shape memory alloy locking bolt as well as production and application method thereof |
| CN209705005U (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-11-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | A kind of fast assembling-disassembling fastener |
| CN111020338A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-17 | 四川大学 | Ultralow temperature service nickel-titanium-niobium shape memory alloy |
| CN111609027A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-01 | 西北工业大学 | Bushing and method for compensating deviation of connecting hole of aircraft wall plate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114166044A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Can dismantle and fire oil radiator core and fire oil radiator |
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