CN112458247A - Quenching and tempering heat treatment method for rock drilling tool steel - Google Patents
Quenching and tempering heat treatment method for rock drilling tool steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112458247A CN112458247A CN202011248473.5A CN202011248473A CN112458247A CN 112458247 A CN112458247 A CN 112458247A CN 202011248473 A CN202011248473 A CN 202011248473A CN 112458247 A CN112458247 A CN 112458247A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of a treatment process of steel for a rock drilling tool, in particular to a quenching and tempering heat treatment method for rock drilling tool steel, which effectively improves the strength and toughness of a drill tool product, and comprises the following steps: forging a blank, carrying out heat treatment in advance, carrying out rough turning, carrying out finish turning, drilling, deburring, carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment, spraying paint and obtaining a finished product. According to the invention, through optimizing the quenching and tempering heat treatment process of the rock drilling tool steel and carrying out technical improvement and innovation aiming at each process step, the strength and toughness of the final drilling tool product are effectively improved, the problems of short service life, easy fracture and the like of the existing drilling tool product are effectively solved, and meanwhile, various environmental conditions in use can be met. The invention is especially suitable for quenching and tempering heat treatment process of rock drilling tool steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of a treatment process of steel for a rock drilling tool, in particular to a quenching and tempering heat treatment method of the rock drilling tool steel.
Background
The rock drilling tool is one of the necessary tool consumables in the construction drilling and blasting operations of mining, tunnel and the like. Various different types of drill tool products are used in large quantities in the engineering fields of mining, railway, highway construction, harbor and power station construction, urban construction, quarrying and the like at home and abroad. The quality of the quenching and tempering heat treatment technology, mechanical property, physical property parameters and quality of the steel for the drill tool is the key for manufacturing the drill tool product, and the rock drilling tool bears huge impact load and severe abrasion under the action of the cyclic stress such as tension, compression, bending and torsion applied by a high-frequency high-impact-power rock drill, and the service condition is harsh. In order to prolong the service life of the drill tool products, extremely high requirements are put forward on the strength, the toughness and the like of the steel for the drill tool. A drill tool steel is produced as one of the representative steels for rock drilling tools, and is used for production of drill tool products because of its high strength, high toughness, and the like. The existing manufacturing method for producing the drill tool steel comprises smelting, pouring, forging and annealing, wherein an annealed blank is used for processing into a drill tool product, and the drill tool product needs to be subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment to improve the strength and toughness and is used in actual production.
At present, there are many patents or articles on steel for rock drilling tools and manufacturing methods thereof in China, but the quenching and tempering heat treatment process method for the steel products of the rock drilling tools still belongs to the first example. The following patents are mainly related to a quenching and tempering heat treatment method of rock drilling tool steel: patent CN105821371A, name: a heat treatment process of a drill tool steel XGQ25 with hardness gradient distribution relates to a heat treatment process of a drill tool steel XGQ25 with hardness gradient distribution, and the reasonable hardness gradient distribution of the drill tool from the surface to the base body after carburization can be realized. The patent includes the following steps: quenching and preserving heat of the carburized brazing tool at 800 +/-10 ℃ for 60 minutes, cooling in three sections after heat preservation is finished, firstly, cooling to 400 +/-10 ℃ by oil, then, cooling to 200 ℃ along with a furnace at the cooling speed of 0.05-0.1 ℃/s, and then, air-cooling to room temperature below 200 ℃. And then tempering and heat preservation are carried out for 120 minutes at 200 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after the heat preservation is finished. Through the implementation of the patent, the brazing tool after carburization forms a high-carbon martensite structure (HV 640-660) with high surface hardness, a lower bainite structure (unnotched impact energy 115-120J) with high core toughness and a lower bainite and low-carbon martensite complex phase structure of a wider transition layer (width 0.5-1.0 mm), and the brazing tool has good toughness and matching performance, so that the service life of the brazing tool is effectively prolonged. The invention can obtain the strength and toughness of the drill tool product through the production, processing, quenching and tempering heat treatment, and has the characteristics of simple implementation, obvious effect, cost saving and easy operation. Second, patent CN105695679A, name is: the isothermal quenching process of the brazing tool steel XGQ25 with high toughness complex phase structure distribution can realize that the surface of the brazing tool after carburization is high-carbon martensite, the matrix is a lower bainite structure, and the transition region is a bamboo leaf-shaped lower bainite and low-carbon martensite complex phase structure. The patent includes the following steps: and (3) carrying out isothermal quenching in two stages after the carburized drill tool is heated to austenitize and heat-preserved, firstly, rapidly cooling to the lower bainite transformation temperature of the drill tool matrix for salt bath heat preservation, then, rapidly cooling to the lower bainite transformation temperature of the drill tool transition region for salt bath heat preservation, and finally, taking out the sample and air-cooling to room temperature. Then tempering is carried out again, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. By implementing the patent, a high-carbon martensite structure is formed on the surface of the brazing tool after carburization, a high-toughness lower bainite structure (120-130J without notch impact energy) is formed at the center of the brazing tool, and an obvious lower bainite and low-carbon martensite complex phase structure is formed in a transition layer, so that the brazing tool obtains good structure performance matching, and the quality level of the brazing tool is equal to that of a foreign high-quality brazing tool. According to the method, the brazing tool obtains good structure property matching through the processes of isothermal quenching, salt bath, tempering and the like, and the scheme can be used for directly carrying out quenching and tempering from the production process, and simultaneously can obtain high strength and toughness to reach the same level. Thirdly, patent CN111074042A, name is: the patent discloses a quenching and tempering heat treatment method for a large-thickness ultra-wide 07MnMoVR steel plate, which adopts quenching and tempering technology production of quenching and tempering, quenching and heating are carried out in a vehicle bottom type furnace, and the quenching technology comprises the following steps: the heat preservation temperature is 870-930 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5-4.0 min/mm, the steel plate is discharged from the furnace and put into a large water tank for water cooling, stays in the water tank for 90-120 min, and is cooled to the normal temperature; and (3) tempering process: and the tempering heat preservation temperature is 560-610 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.2-2.0 min/mm, the steel plate is placed on a special cooling rack after being taken out of the furnace, and the steel plate is cooled to the normal temperature by air. The maximum thickness of the steel plate which can be subjected to heat treatment reaches 140mm, the maximum width reaches 3880mm, the toughness is excellent, the transverse impact energy at-20 ℃ reaches more than 180J, and the market requirements of hydropower, building structures and the like are met. The patent belongs to a quenching and tempering heat treatment method of a 07MnMoVR steel plate, and finally obtains excellent toughness, thereby meeting the market demands of hydropower, building structures and the like. The invention is a quenching and tempering heat treatment process method for a drill tool steel product, and the drill tool product is generally used for drilling and blasting operations in mining, tunnel and other construction, so that the method is different from the patent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quenching and tempering heat treatment method for rock drilling tool steel, which can effectively improve the strength and toughness of a drill tool product.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the quenching and tempering heat treatment method of the rock drilling tool steel comprises the following steps: forging a blank, carrying out heat treatment in advance, carrying out rough turning, carrying out finish turning, drilling, deburring, carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment, spraying paint and obtaining a finished product, wherein: forging the blank: placing the blank in a heating furnace, preserving heat for at least 2h at the temperature of 500-800 ℃, then heating to 1200 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for more than or equal to 4h, then discharging from the furnace and carrying out quick forging, wherein the forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and carrying out compression molding; a pre-heat treatment step: normalizing the initial product formed by the compression molding, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, tempering, heating, preserving heat, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling; rough turning and fine turning: roughly turning on a lathe, turning off a surface oxide layer, and then finely turning to finish the shape of a finished product; drilling: drilling holes by using a drilling machine, removing burrs around the holes, and ensuring that a drill rod and a drill tool product can be normally matched for use; quenching and tempering heat treatment: firstly heating, wherein the heating temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, firstly preserving heat, and then cooling with oil; then tempering, wherein the tempering temperature range is 200 +/-10 ℃, then preserving heat, cooling in air, and detecting mechanical properties; painting and obtaining a finished product: spraying protective paint and finishing the finished product of the drilling tool.
Further, in the blank forging step, the rate of heating to 1200 plus or minus 10 ℃ is 100 ℃/h.
Further, in the preliminary heat treatment step, the preliminary product of the press molding is subjected to normalizing at 840 ℃ for 4 hours.
Further, in the preliminary heat treatment step, the furnace cooling is performed to 300 ℃ during the discharging and air cooling.
Further, in the pre-heat treatment step, after tempering is completed, heat treatment is performed according to the heating temperature of 480 ℃ and heat preservation for 8 hours, and then the blank is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled.
Further, in the step of quenching and tempering heat treatment, the heat preservation time after the heating temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃ is 45 min.
Further, in the step of quenching and tempering heat treatment, the heat preservation time after the tempering temperature range is 200 +/-10 ℃ is 2 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through optimizing the quenching and tempering heat treatment process of the rock drilling tool steel and carrying out technical improvement and innovation aiming at each process step, the strength and toughness of the final drilling tool product are effectively improved, the problems of short service life, easy fracture and the like of the existing drilling tool product are effectively solved, and meanwhile, various environmental conditions in use can be met. The invention is especially suitable for quenching and tempering heat treatment process of rock drilling tool steel.
Detailed Description
The quenching and tempering heat treatment method of the rock drilling tool steel comprises the following steps: forging a blank, carrying out heat treatment in advance, carrying out rough turning, carrying out finish turning, drilling, deburring, carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment, spraying paint and obtaining a finished product, wherein: forging the blank: placing the blank in a heating furnace, preserving heat for at least 2h at the temperature of 500-800 ℃, then heating to 1200 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for more than or equal to 4h, then discharging from the furnace and carrying out quick forging, wherein the forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and carrying out compression molding; a pre-heat treatment step: normalizing the initial product formed by the compression molding, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, tempering, heating, preserving heat, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling; rough turning and fine turning: roughly turning on a lathe, turning off a surface oxide layer, and then finely turning to finish the shape of a finished product; drilling: drilling holes by using a drilling machine, removing burrs around the holes, and ensuring that a drill rod and a drill tool product can be normally matched for use; quenching and tempering heat treatment: firstly heating, wherein the heating temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, firstly preserving heat, and then cooling with oil; then tempering, wherein the tempering temperature range is 200 +/-10 ℃, then preserving heat, cooling in air, and detecting mechanical properties; painting and obtaining a finished product: spraying protective paint and finishing the finished product of the drilling tool.
The reasonable control of the deformation temperature and deformation amount in the forging process enables austenite grains to be fully recovered, recrystallized and refined, and the method provides full preparation for improving the toughness of steel. And controlling the cooling rate after forging, and slowly cooling to ensure that the pro-eutectoid ferrite can fully nucleate and grow up in the transformation process of the deformed austenite, thereby providing necessary conditions for reducing the hardness value of the forging stock. And after finish forging, increasing in-furnace cooling, wherein the structure after furnace cooling is mainly lath bainite, the lath spacing is relatively thick, and part of granular shell structures appear. And fully preparing for annealing, and obtaining a final blank for a user after the annealing is finished. Therefore, the hardness value of the brazing tool steel blank produced by the heat treatment method is distributed between 240HB and 250HB according to GB/T231.1-2018 detection, and the requirement of subsequent processing can be completely met; the tensile strength of the sample can reach more than or equal to 1721MPa after quenching and tempering heat treatment, and the impact energy AKu2 is more than or equal to 75J. The invention creates obvious economic benefit for society after being implemented.
In order to further improve the treatment process and thus obtain better product quality, the following scheme is preferred: firstly, in the step of forging the blank, the rate of heating to 1200 plus or minus 10 ℃ is 100 ℃/h. And secondly, in the step of pre-heat treatment, when normalizing the initial product formed by die-pressing, keeping the temperature at 840 ℃ for 4 hours. And thirdly, in the step of pre-heat treatment, when the steel is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, the steel is cooled to 300 ℃ according to the furnace cooling. And fourthly, in the step of pre-heat treatment, after tempering is finished, keeping the temperature for 8 hours according to the heating temperature of 480 ℃, and then performing heat treatment of discharging from a furnace and air cooling. Fifthly, in the step of quenching and tempering heat treatment, the heat preservation time after the heating temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃ is 45 min. Sixthly, in the step of quenching and tempering heat treatment, the heat preservation time is 2 hours after the tempering temperature range is 200 +/-10 ℃.
Examples
The treatment process comprises the following steps: forging a blank, carrying out heat treatment in advance, carrying out rough turning, carrying out finish turning, drilling, deburring, carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment, spraying paint and obtaining a finished product. Wherein:
firstly, blank forging: and placing the blank in a heating furnace, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2 hours in a temperature range of 500-800 ℃, then heating to 1200 +/-10 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 4 hours. Discharging and performing quick forging at the forging temperature of more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and performing compression molding;
secondly, heat treatment in advance: normalizing the initial product formed by the compression molding, keeping the temperature at 840 ℃ for 4h, cooling the product to 300 ℃, discharging the product from the furnace for air cooling, then tempering, keeping the temperature at 480 ℃ for 8h, and then discharging the product from the furnace for air cooling for heat treatment to lay a foundation for the next procedure;
thirdly, rough turning and fine turning: turning on a lathe for rough turning, turning off a surface oxide layer, then accurately controlling the size, and finish the shape of a finished product by finish turning; drilling, namely drilling holes by using a drilling machine, and removing burrs around the holes, so that the drill rod and the drill tool product can be normally matched for use;
fourthly, quenching and tempering heat treatment: heating at 950 + -10 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 45min, and cooling with oil; tempering temperature is 200 +/-10 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 2h, air cooling is carried out, mechanical properties are detected, tensile strength reaches 1721MPa, impact toughness is 75J, and Brinell hardness reaches 492 HB;
fifthly, spraying paint and obtaining a finished product: spraying protective paint to obtain the product of the drill tool.
The embodiment can be used for obtaining that the invention can obviously improve the strength and the toughness of the drill tool product, thereby solving the problems of short service life, easy fracture and the like of the existing drill tool product, having very obvious technical advantages and very wide market popularization prospect.
Claims (7)
1. The quenching and tempering heat treatment method of the rock drilling tool steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: forging a blank, carrying out heat treatment in advance, carrying out rough turning, carrying out finish turning, drilling, deburring, carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment, spraying paint and obtaining a finished product, wherein:
forging the blank: placing the blank in a heating furnace, preserving heat for at least 2h at the temperature of 500-800 ℃, then heating to 1200 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for more than or equal to 4h, then discharging from the furnace and carrying out quick forging, wherein the forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and carrying out compression molding;
a pre-heat treatment step: normalizing the initial product formed by the compression molding, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, tempering, heating, preserving heat, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling;
rough turning and fine turning: roughly turning on a lathe, turning off a surface oxide layer, and then finely turning to finish the shape of a finished product;
drilling: drilling holes by using a drilling machine, removing burrs around the holes, and ensuring that a drill rod and a drill tool product can be normally matched for use;
quenching and tempering heat treatment: firstly heating, wherein the heating temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃, firstly preserving heat, and then cooling with oil; then tempering, wherein the tempering temperature range is 200 +/-10 ℃, then preserving heat, cooling in air, and detecting mechanical properties;
painting and obtaining a finished product: spraying protective paint and finishing the finished product of the drilling tool.
2. A method of thermal treatment for hardening and tempering of rock drill tool steel according to claim 1, characterized by: in the blank forging step, the rate of heating to 1200 plus or minus 10 ℃ is 100 ℃/h.
3. A method of thermal treatment for hardening and tempering of rock drill tool steel according to claim 1, characterized by: in the pre-heat treatment step, the initial product of the compression molding is carried out by keeping the temperature at 840 ℃ for 4h when normalizing.
4. A method of thermal treatment for hardening and tempering of rock drill tool steel according to claim 1, characterized by: in the pre-heat treatment step, the furnace cooling is carried out to 300 ℃ when the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
5. A method of thermal treatment for hardening and tempering of rock drill tool steel according to claim 1, characterized by: in the pre-heat treatment step, after tempering is finished, heat preservation is carried out for 8 hours according to the heating temperature of 480 ℃, and then the heat treatment is carried out by discharging from a furnace and air cooling.
6. A method of thermal treatment for hardening and tempering of rock drill tool steel according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step of quenching and tempering heat treatment, the heat preservation time is 45min after the heating temperature is 950 +/-10 ℃.
7. A method of thermal treatment for hardening and tempering of rock drill tool steel according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step of quenching and tempering heat treatment, the heat preservation time is 2 hours after the tempering temperature range is 200 +/-10 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113981190A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method of drill tool steel |
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