CN112457828A - Use and maintenance method of micro-foam drilling fluid - Google Patents
Use and maintenance method of micro-foam drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN112457828A CN112457828A CN202011404884.9A CN202011404884A CN112457828A CN 112457828 A CN112457828 A CN 112457828A CN 202011404884 A CN202011404884 A CN 202011404884A CN 112457828 A CN112457828 A CN 112457828A
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012803 optimization experiment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIJLYRDVTMMSIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Bromo-1-butanol Chemical compound OCCCCBr SIJLYRDVTMMSIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002798 cetrimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentazinc;dicarbonate;hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/12—Clay-free compositions containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/035—Organic additives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
- E21B21/068—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole using chemical treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid, which comprises the steps of preparing the micro-foam drilling fluid and maintaining the performance of the drilling fluid; the preparation of the micro-foam drilling fluid comprises the following steps: s1) drilling a cement plug by using original well slurry, and then replacing the cement plug with fresh water; s2) adding a filtrate reducer into fresh water, then adding a foam stabilizer and an inhibitor, mixing and hydrating, adding a foaming agent when the funnel viscosity of the drilling fluid reaches 70S, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the required density; the fluid loss additive is lignite resin; the foaming agent is a sulfonate foaming agent shown in a formula (I) and an alkyl betaine surfactant; the foam stabilizer is a biopolymer and guar gum; the inhibitor comprises ammonium salt and potassium polyacrylate. Compared with the prior art, the micro-foam drilling fluid prepared by the invention can avoid overlarge foam quantity change amplitude in the drilling process, can also effectively control the solid content, can effectively prevent the stratum from being unstable, and has simple formula and convenient preparation and maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal bed gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a use and maintenance method of a micro-foam drilling fluid.
Background
The coal bed gas, namely the methane gas generally speaking, mainly exists in a coal bed in an adsorption state, is a major risk factor in coal bed mining construction, but is also a green environment-friendly clean energy source, and can directly enter an urban pipe network to be used as resident or industrial fuel. The coal bed gas resources in China are rich, and the total amount reaches 36.8 multiplied by 1012m3And the third place in the world. At present, China is developing strong national transformation from a large country of coal bed gas resources to coal bed gas, which has great significance for the exploration and development of the coal bed gas. However, in the existing coal bed gas mining process, due to the fact that the coal bed drilling speed is high, mud skin is formed slowly or cannot be formed, underground drilling fluid is poor in lithologic property and suspension property, solid-phase substances are not removed timely, coal bed gas drilling engineering accidents are more, light well leakage and drill sticking are caused, heavy people bury drilling tools, boreholes are scrapped, and drilling efficiency is seriously affected.
Aiming at the characteristic that the temperature of the stratum of the buried hill fractured reservoir of the Zhuo mining and the sinking mining is higher, a set of high-temperature-resistant solid-phase-free recyclable micro-foam drilling fluid system is constructed by using reservoir protection as a principle. The system is used for maintaining by adjusting foaming agentThe dosage of the foam stabilizer realizes the effective control of the solid phase content, thereby maintaining the density range of the drilling fluid at 0.85g/cm3～1.5g/cm3On-site application shows that the density adjustable range of the using and maintaining method is wide, the performance of the drilling fluid is easily adjusted according to geological conditions, and under-balanced drilling or near-balanced drilling is realized. However, the purpose of using the circulating micro-foam drilling fluid for construction is to achieve underbalanced drilling as much as possible, so that the requirement on well control is high, in addition to ensuring excellent performance of well control equipment, enough high-density drilling fluid or (and) weighting material needs to be stored on site according to design, and then the foam fluid returning out of the well head needs to be mechanically degassed, then a foaming agent is added and re-aerated to achieve effective circulation, so that the maintenance cost is inevitably increased.
The characteristics that the stratum pressure and the stratum rupture pressure of the Liangchuan and the like surrounding the Xinjiang color south oilfield are low, and the well leakage problem is prominent in the drilling process are characterized, and a three-phase micro-foam drilling fluid system is constructed through a large number of indoor optimization experiments. The system is closely related to the actual working condition in the well by means of controlling the bentonite content, viscosity, density, shearing force, water loss performance and the like of a drilling fluid system in field maintenance, and corresponding maintenance measures are taken. The field shows that the three-phase micro-foam drilling fluid system is simple to prepare, convenient to maintain and easy to convert, and the performance of the drilling fluid can ensure safe and rapid drilling. However, when a three-phase micro-foam drilling fluid system is adopted for drilling, if the viscosity of the micro-foam system is too high, a method of adding a dilute glue solution is needed to adjust the rheological property of the drilling fluid, so that the maintenance cost is increased.
Based on the Hela Turke tree well-checking basin, the sea Turke tree well-checking basin belongs to a low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oil reservoir, the problem that a conventional drilling fluid system invades into an oil-gas layer in well drilling is prominent, serious damage is caused to a stratum, and a set of recyclable micro-foam drilling fluid system is constructed by the King. The system well meets the construction requirements of the micro-foam drilling fluid and obviously reduces the density of the drilling fluid by controlling the stirring and shearing speeds, simultaneously ensuring the effective contents of the foaming agent and the foaming agent, adopting closed circulation and being provided with a high-speed centrifuge in use and maintenance. The field operation shows that the suspension and rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid system is obviously enhanced, the mechanical drilling speed is greatly improved, and the reservoir is effectively protected. It also suffers from the problems of the above-described microfoam drilling fluid systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid, wherein the method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid determines the influence of various treating agents on the micro-foam, and then correspondingly adjusts the formula, so as to prevent the phenomenon that the change amplitude of the foam quantity is too large after the treating agents are added, and the change amplitude of the density is too large and the frequency is too fast due to the fact that the solid content cannot be effectively controlled, so that the well wall is unstable, and the damage to the reservoir is caused.
The invention provides a method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid, which comprises the steps of preparing the micro-foam drilling fluid and maintaining the performance of the drilling fluid;
the preparation of the micro-foam drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
s1) drilling a cement plug by using original well slurry, and then replacing the cement plug with fresh water;
s2) adding a filtrate reducer into fresh water, then adding a foam stabilizer and an inhibitor, mixing and hydrating, adding a foaming agent when the funnel viscosity of the drilling fluid reaches 70S, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the density of 0.95-1.5 g/cm3；
The fluid loss additive is lignite resin; the mass of the filtrate reducer is 0.5-3% of that of the fresh water;
the foaming agent is a sulfonate foaming agent shown in a formula (I) and an alkyl betaine surfactant; the mass of the sulfonate foaming agent shown in the formula (I) is 0.05-0.2% of that of the fresh water; the mass of the alkyl betaine surfactant is 0.1-0.4% of that of the fresh water;
wherein a is an integer of 1-3, and b is an integer of 2-8;
the foam stabilizer is a biopolymer and guar gum; the mass of the biological polymer is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the fresh water; the mass of the guanidine gum is 0.1-0.5% of that of the fresh water;
the inhibitor comprises ammonium salt and potassium polyacrylate; the mass of the ammonium salt is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the fresh water; the mass of the potassium polyacrylate is 0.1-0.5% of that of the fresh water.
Preferably, a in the formula (I) is 1, b is 4; the alkyl betaine surfactant is dodecyl dimethyl betaine; the biopolymer is XC biopolymer; the guar gum is GPHG.
Preferably, in the step S1), the cement plug is drilled by the original well slurry until 1-2 m is left, and then the cement plug is replaced by fresh water.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: during drilling, the fluid loss additive, the foam stabilizer, the inhibitor and the foaming agent are prepared into glue solution respectively and then added into the drilling fluid.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: during drilling, large bubbles in the drilling fluid are turned into micro-foam using a stirrer and drilling fluid gun in the circulation tank.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: according to the sand return condition, the foam return state and the experiment of the influence of each treating agent on the performance of the drilling fluid, the viscosity and the shear force of the drilling fluid are adjusted by adding the biopolymer, the guar gum and the potassium polyacrylate.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: after the drill is drilled to the bottom, the density is measured after the circulation is carried out for 1 to 3 weeks until the density is less than or equal to 1.1g/cm3And then treating the drilling fluid.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: when drilling a stratum which is easy to hydrate and expand, adding polyacrylonitrile, wherein the mass of the added polyacrylonitrile is 0.5-1% of that of the fresh water; when drilling a stratum which is easy to disperse, adding potassium polyacrylate, wherein the mass of the potassium polyacrylate is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the fresh water; when drilling a stratum which is easy to collapse, adding a foam stabilizer to improve the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid, wherein the mass of the foam stabilizer is 0.2-0.4% of the mass of the fresh water.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: when drilling a stratum which is easy to collapse, the density of the drilling fluid is increased to 1.2g/cm3～1.5g/cm3And increase the times of reaming and drilling tool short lifting.
Preferably, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: controlling the solid content of the drilling fluid in the drilling process by using a vibrating screen; the mesh number of the screen in the vibrating screen is 40-60 meshes.
The invention provides a method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid, which comprises the steps of preparing the micro-foam drilling fluid and maintaining the performance of the drilling fluid; the preparation of the micro-foam drilling fluid comprises the following steps: s1) drilling a cement plug by using original well slurry, and then replacing the cement plug with fresh water; s2) adding a filtrate reducer into fresh water, then adding a foam stabilizer and an inhibitor, mixing and hydrating, adding a foaming agent when the funnel viscosity of the drilling fluid reaches 70S, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the required density; the fluid loss additive is lignite resin; the mass of the filtrate reducer is 0.5-3% of that of the fresh water; the foaming agent is a sulfonate foaming agent shown in a formula (I) and an alkyl betaine surfactant; the mass of the sulfonate foaming agent shown in the formula (I) is 0.05-0.2% of that of the fresh water; the mass of the alkyl betaine surfactant is 0.1-0.4% of that of the fresh water; the foam stabilizer is a biopolymer and guar gum; the mass of the biological polymer is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the fresh water; the mass of the guanidine gum is 0.1-0.5% of that of the fresh water; the inhibitor comprises ammonium salt and potassium polyacrylate; the mass of the ammonium salt is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the fresh water; the mass of the potassium polyacrylate is 0.1-0.5% of that of the fresh water. Compared with the prior art, the micro-foam drilling fluid prepared by the invention can avoid overlarge foam quantity change amplitude in the drilling process, can also effectively control the solid content, can effectively prevent the stratum from being unstable, and has simple formula and convenient preparation and maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the results of measurements of foaming volume and half-life of a micro-foam drilling fluid under different stirring times in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph of the results of the multiple foaming performance test of the microbubble drilling fluid system in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid, which comprises the steps of preparing the micro-foam drilling fluid and maintaining the performance of the drilling fluid; the preparation of the micro-foam drilling fluid comprises the following steps: s1) drilling a cement plug by using original well slurry, and then replacing the cement plug with fresh water; s2) adding a filtrate reducer into fresh water, then adding a foam stabilizer and an inhibitor, mixing and hydrating, adding a foaming agent when the funnel viscosity of the drilling fluid reaches 70S, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the required density; the fluid loss additive is lignite resin; the mass of the filtrate reducer is 0.5-3% of the mass of the fresh water, preferably 1-2%, and more preferably 1%; the foaming agent is a sulfonate foaming agent shown in a formula (I) and an alkyl betaine surfactant; the mass of the sulfonate foaming agent shown in the formula (I) is 0.05-0.2% of that of fresh water, and is preferably 0.1%; the mass of the alkyl betaine surfactant is 0.1-0.4% of that of the fresh water, preferably 0.1-0.3%, and more preferably 0.2%; the alkyl betaine surfactant is preferably dodecyl dimethyl betaine.
Wherein a is an integer of 1-3, preferably an integer of 1-2, and more preferably 2; b is an integer of 2 to 8, preferably an integer of 3 to 7, more preferably an integer of 4 to 6, and still more preferably 4.
The foam stabilizer is a biopolymer and guar gum; wherein the biopolymer is preferably XC biopolymer; the mass of the biological polymer is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the fresh water, preferably 0.2-0.4%, and more preferably 0.3%; the guar gum is preferably GPHG; the mass of the guar gum is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the fresh water, preferably 0.2-0.4%, more preferably 0.2-0.3%, and still more preferably 0.2%.
The inhibitor comprises ammonium salt and potassium polyacrylate; the mass of the ammonium salt is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the fresh water, preferably 0.8-1.2%, and more preferably 1%; the mass of the potassium polyacrylate is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the fresh water, preferably 0.1-0.4%, more preferably 0.2-0.3%, and even more preferably 0.2%.
The sources of all raw materials are not particularly limited in the present invention and may be commercially available.
The use and maintenance method of the micro-foam drilling fluid provided by the invention comprises the preparation of the micro-foam drilling fluid and the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid.
Wherein the micro-foam drilling fluid is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the cement plug is drilled with the original well slurry, preferably until 1-2 meters remain, and then replaced with fresh water.
Adding a filtrate reducer into fresh water, then adding a foam stabilizer and an inhibitor, mixing and hydrating, adding a foaming agent when the funnel viscosity of the drilling fluid reaches 70s, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the density of 0.95-1.5 g/cm3。
In order to fully mix all components in the drilling fluid, the invention preferably adopts a circulation mode combining high-pressure circulation and low-pressure circulation; the pressure of the high-pressure circulation is preferably 13MPa to 14 MPa; the pressure of the low-pressure circulation is preferably 7MPa to 8 MPa; after adding the foam stabilizer and the inhibitor, continuously measuring the performance of the drilling fluid to ensure that the drilling fluid is fully hydrated; when the viscosity of the funnel of the drilling fluid reaches 70s (namely, the funnel of the drilling fluid is
) Gradually adding a foaming agent, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the density of 0.95-1.5 g/cm3。
According to the invention, the rheological property of the drilling fluid is preferably measured in time in the drilling process and filtrate analysis is carried out, and once a sign that the drilling fluid enters or exits or cannot meet the requirements of drilling engineering is found and designed, adjustment is carried out in time.
The micro-foam drilling fluid mainly aims at achieving the purposes of accelerating and protecting a reservoir by the micro-foam plugging action and controlling the density of the drilling fluid, so that the control of the solid content is extremely important. Under the condition that the foaming amount is not more than 10%, all solid phase equipment can be normally used. If the foam is not uniform or the foam amount is large, the water feeding of the slurry pump can be influenced, and the centrifuge and the desander cannot work normally; if the drilling fluid density is too high, the purposes of accelerating and protecting the reservoir cannot be achieved. Maintenance of the properties of the drilling fluid is therefore required.
In the present invention, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: according to the field condition, solid control equipment and an untimely drilling fluid circulating tank are reasonably used, and the sand content and the drilling cutting content of the drilling fluid are kept in a reasonable range as much as possible; in the present invention, a vibrating screen is preferably used to control the solids content of the drilling fluid during drilling; preferably, the solid content is controlled to be less than 6 percent; the mesh number of the screen in the vibrating screen is preferably 40-60 meshes; in order to better control the solid content of the circulating drilling fluid in the drilling process, a sand remover is preferably also arranged, and a grit chamber is more preferably also arranged; the number of the grit chambers is preferably 1-3, and more preferably 2.
Because the micro-foam drilling fluid needs to keep uniform foam, in the drilling period, in order to keep the balance of the drilling fluid, a filtrate reducer, a foam stabilizer, an inhibitor and a foaming agent are preferably prepared into glue solutions respectively and then added into the drilling fluid; the concentration of the filtrate reducer in the filtrate reducer glue solution is preferably 0.5-3%, more preferably 1-2%, and still more preferably 1.2%; the concentration of the foam stabilizer in the foam stabilizer glue solution is preferably 0.1-0.4%, more preferably 0.2-0.4%, and still more preferably 0.3%; the mass ratio of the biopolymer to the guanidine gum in the foam stabilizer gum solution is preferably 1: (0.5 to 1.5), more preferably 1: 1; the concentration of the inhibitor in the inhibitor glue solution is preferably 0.5-1.5%, more preferably 1-1.5%, and still more preferably 1.2%; the concentration of the foaming agent in the foaming agent glue solution is preferably 0.1-0.4%, more preferably 0.1-0.3%, and still more preferably 0.15%; the mass ratio of the sulfonate foaming agent to the alkyl betaine surfactant in the foaming agent glue solution is preferably 1: (1.5-2.5), more preferably 1: 2.
according to the invention, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: during the drilling process, when the filtration loss exceeds the design range, such as more than 9ml, the filtration loss reducer lignite resin is preferably added; the mass of the filtrate reducer is preferably 2-3% of the mass of the drilling fluid; measuring the filtration loss of the system after circulating for two to three weeks; when the filtration loss is too large, lignite resin and ammonium salt are preferably added; the mass of the added ammonium salt is preferably 1-2% of the mass of the drilling fluid; compared with the single addition of the lignite resin, the lignite resin and the ammonium salt are used together, the effect is better, the filtration loss is further effectively reduced, and the rheological property of the system is good.
According to the invention, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: during drilling, a stirrer and a drilling fluid gun in the circulating tank are utilized to change large bubbles in the drilling fluid into micro-foam; the number of the circulating tanks is preferably 1-3, and more preferably 2; the number of the stirrers in each circulation tank is preferably 1-3, and more preferably 2; the circulation tank is preferably equipped with a closed circulation system.
According to the invention, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: in the drilling process, base liquid is supplemented timely according to the consumption condition of the foam base liquid, and a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer are added in a feeding funnel mode, so that part of gas enters the drilling fluid.
According to the invention, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: according to the sand return condition, the foam return state and the experiment of the influence of each treating agent on the performance of the drilling fluid, the viscosity and the shear force of the drilling fluid are adjusted by adding the biopolymer, the guar gum and the potassium polyacrylate. The underground drilling fluid has high dynamic shear force and dynamic-plastic ratio, good rock carrying performance and suspension performance and capability of preventing formation of a detritus bed. In the present invention, the supplementary amounts of the biopolymer, guar gum and potassium polyacrylate are preferably determined by small experiments. The experiment of the influence of the treating agent on the performance of the drilling fluid is preferably as follows: based on a system formula, rheological property, foaming amount and density are evaluation indexes, the influence of the foaming agent on the foaming performance and the rheological property of the system is tested by changing the adding amount of different foaming agents in a micro-foam drilling fluid system, and the influence of low rotating speed on the foaming volume is tested on the basis; based on a system formula, rheological property, foaming amount and density are evaluation indexes, the foaming amount is controlled by controlling the stirring speed, so that the density of the drilling fluid is controlled, and the foaming property and the rheological property of the system under different stirring speeds are researched; based on a system formula, the rheological property, the filtrate loss reduction performance, the foaming amount and the half-life period of the system are used as evaluation indexes to evaluate the influence of different stirring time on the performance of the system; the multiple foaming performance of the system is tested, the foaming amount and the half-life period of the system after multiple foaming are tested by taking the foaming amount and the half-life period as evaluation indexes; the rheological property, the foaming amount and the density are used as evaluation indexes, and the foaming performance change of the system under different pH values is tested by changing the pH value of the base liquid; the rheological property, the foaming amount and the density are used as evaluation indexes, in order to better utilize the existing conditions and simulate the field condition, rock powder generated in the drilling process is adopted to carry out a weighting test on the multi-stage foam low-damage drilling fluid system, and the system performance under the stirring speed of 4000r/min and 5000r/min is tested.
In the invention, after the drilling is performed to the bottom, the drilling fluid is circulated for 1-3 weeks, and then the density is measured, preferably until the density is less than or equal to 1.1g/cm3And then treating the drilling fluid.
According to the invention, the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: when drilling a stratum which is easy to hydrate and expand, adding polyacrylonitrile, wherein the mass of the added polyacrylamide is preferably 0.5-1% of the mass of fresh water; when drilling a stratum which is easy to disperse, adding potassium polyacrylate, wherein the adding mass of the potassium polyacrylate is preferably 0.2-0.6% of the mass of fresh water; when drilling a stratum which is easy to collapse, adding a foam stabilizer to improve the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid, wherein the mass of the foam stabilizer is preferably 0.2-0.4% of the mass of fresh water.
When a coal bed with blocks falling and stuck in a conventional mud is drilled, the microbubble drilling fluid is used for protecting a reservoir stratum, and the well wall stability maintaining effect is not good, because the coal bed is high in drilling speed, mud skin is slowly formed or cannot be formedAnd (4) obtaining. In order to prevent the collapse of the coal bed, the density of the micro-foam drilling fluid needs to be properly increased in the coal bed drilling process so as to ensure the balance in the hole. Thus, in the present invention, it is preferred to increase the density of the drilling fluid, preferably to 1.2g/cm, when drilling into a collapsible formation3～1.5g/cm3And the times of reaming and short lifting of the drilling tool are increased, and the well wall is ensured to be regular and no rock debris is left at the bottom of the well.
The aim of adopting the micro-foam drilling fluid for construction is to realize underbalanced drilling as much as possible, so that the requirements on well control and emergency treatment measures are high, sufficient high-density drilling fluid or weighted materials are required to be stored on site for occasional needs besides well control equipment is ensured to be excellent, meanwhile, post-sitting observation and well logging detection are required to be enhanced, abnormal conditions are required to be reported in time, and appropriate effective measures are adopted.
(1) If abnormal conditions such as overflow, well kick and the like occur, well-sitting on duty observation work is done, and the mud is worked for 1 hour to measure the density of the drilling fluid once; under three conditions of suspected overflow, direct discovery of overflow and well kick dangerous case, a driller on duty is informed immediately, the driller sends out an alarm according to well control regulations, closes a well immediately at the same time, and reports to a leader; according to casing pressure and vertical pressure data, reasonably designing the density of the well killing fluid, and intercepting and killing the well after preparing the well killing fluid; the drilling fluid can be directly weighted if the drilling fluid needs to be weighted, and the situation that foam is eliminated firstly and then the drilling fluid needs to be weighted is not needed: and when the upper level indicates that defoaming is needed, defoaming treatment is carried out.
(2) The appearance of CO2: regulating with NaOH, and removing HCO3 -Note that the drilling fluid pH is observed.
(3) Occurrence of H2S: the pH value is increased by over 9.5, and then 0.5-2.5% of basic zinc carbonate is added. Ensures that the sulfide generated under the alkaline condition can not generate hydrogen sulfide after the gas invasion is continued, and thoroughly eliminates the hydrogen sulfide.
(4) Gas invasion: the drilling fluid is treated by the gas-liquid separator, the treated mud returns to the mud tank, and after re-stirring and passing through a water hole, the multistage foam is low in damage to the drilling fluid, namely, the performance is recovered, and the influence on the performance of the drilling fluid is small.
(5) Instability of the well wall: in the drilling process, if a vibrating screen post operator observes that blocky rock debris flows back out of the vibrating screen, namely the phenomenon of borehole wall instability exists, the vibrating screen post operator needs to report to a drilling crew, a mud worker and a drilling fluid technician in time; observing and analyzing, if the borehole wall is determined to have a borehole wall instability phenomenon such as collapse, informing a drilling team to stop drilling in time, and analyzing the reason; if the stress instability is caused and the drilling fluid density needs to be improved to realize the stability of the well wall, immediately reporting the approval of the first party; the density can be directly increased by using a weighting agent, so that the density of the multistage foam low-damage drilling fluid is increased, and the well wall is prevented from collapsing; if the stratum is unstable due to hydration expansion, the density of the drilling fluid can be properly reduced and a proper amount of inhibitor can be added.
(6) Well leakage: on the premise of ensuring the safety of well control, properly adding the foaming agent in the drilling fluid, and adding a filtrate reducer and a foam stabilizer to perform leak stoppage while drilling; once the well leakage is found, the drilling is stopped, the leakage stopping construction is carried out, and fibrous leakage stopping materials such as sawdust and nut shell leakage stopping materials can be directly added into the micro-foam drilling fluid and squeezed into the well for 10-20 m3Then standing; and optionally applying a certain pressure to the annular space to perform pressure-bearing plugging, wherein the annular space is pressurized by about 1MPa generally.
The drilling fluid system provided by the invention is simple to construct, the maintenance process flow is simple and clear, the types of additives added in the maintenance process are few, the effect is obvious, and compared with other drilling fluid maintenance means, the drilling fluid system has the advantages of low maintenance cost and low workload.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following will describe in detail the method for using and maintaining a micro-foam drilling fluid provided by the present invention with reference to the following examples.
The reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available;
example 1
1.1 first 45mL of dichloromethane solution (purity > 99%), 12.5 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide (purity > 99%), 1.5 parts by weight of cetrimide (purity > 99%) are introduced into a three-neck flask with a tail gas absorption device and a reflux condenser. After heating to 30 ℃, 17.5 weight parts of bisphenol F (purity > 99%) is added, heating is continued to 50 ℃, 68.5 weight parts of 4-bromo-1-butanol (purity > 99%) is added, and stirring is kept continuously to enable the reaction to be thorough. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system, and filtering and purifying the reaction product to obtain the diether alcohol intermediate, wherein the reaction process is as follows.
Adding the diether alcohol intermediate into a three-neck flask (provided with an HCl processing device) containing 45mL of dichloromethane solution (purity is greater than 99%) under the condition of stirring, slowly dropwise adding 10.5 parts by weight of chlorosulfonic acid into the system under the environment of 10 ℃, continuously stirring and heating to 45 ℃, discharging HCl, dropwise adding 2% of NaOH ethanol solution under the condition of stirring until the pH value is 7, adding ethanol, thermally filtering to remove inorganic salts, and distilling to remove ethanol to obtain the foaming agent ULIT-1, wherein the reaction process is as follows.
Example 2
Firstly, a certain amount of foam stabilizer and inhibitor are weighed and added into a stirring cup filled with 200mL of water, and the foam stabilizer and the inhibitor are added while stirring, so that the high molecular polymer is ensured to be completely dispersed and dissolved. And then adding a certain mass of foaming agent into the stirring cup gradually, and stirring by using a glass rod to ensure that the foaming agent is fully dissolved. Fixing the stirring cup on a high-speed stirrer, and stirring for 1min at the rotating speed of 11000r/min +/-300 r/min; immediately taking down the stirring cup after stirring, pouring all the foam fluid in the stirring cup into a 1000mL measuring cylinder, recording the foaming volume, starting a stopwatch, and starting to record the defoaming time; thirdly, repeating the step I, pouring a proper amount of foam system into the slurry cup to test the rheological property of the multilevel foam system, which comprises
Primary and final cutting; pouring a proper amount of foam fluid into a mud tank of the water loss instrument, hanging the tank on a multi-connected water loss instrument, switching on an air source, adjusting the pressure of an air inlet to 0.69MPa, opening a valve hole, communicating the air source, starting timing at the same time, measuring the filtration loss of a multi-stage foam system, and recording the filtration loss of liquid for 30minThe volume of (d) is the API filtrate loss; switching on a power supply, adjusting a screw of a base of the densimeter to be in a horizontal position, turning on a switch, calibrating the densimeter, taking down the sample cup, pouring a sample to be measured into the sample cup, removing bubbles in the sample cup, wiping off liquid outside the sample cup to clean and dry the sample cup, placing the sample cup on a working surface of the densimeter, and reading and recording the density value of a display window; sixthly, repeating the foaming process in the step I by respectively taking 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min and 40min as stirring time, repeating the step III, and measuring the performance of the multistage foam low-damage drilling fluid system under different stirring time.
The formula of the drilling fluid system comprises: 0.1% ULIT-1 (example 1) + 0.2% dodecyl dimethyl betaine + 0.3% biopolymer XC + 0.2% guar GHPG + 1% lignite resin + 1% ammonium salt + 0.2% potassium polyacrylate
(1) Amount of blowing agent
TABLE 1 Effect of different blowing agent loadings on System Performance
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 200mL of water, 10000r/min, 30min, normal temperature
TABLE 2 Effect of different stirring speeds on System Performance at Low blowing agent loadings
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 200mL of water, 30min, normal temperature
The analysis experiment result shows that under high-speed stirring, the influence of the reduced addition of the foaming agent on the density of the multistage foam low-damage drilling fluid system is small. Under the condition of low-speed stirring, the addition of the foaming agent is reduced, so that the density of the system can be increased, and the viscosity is reduced.
(2) Stirring speed
TABLE 3 foaming and rheological Properties of the systems at different stirring speeds
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 200mL, 1min, normal temperature
TABLE 4 foaming and rheological Properties of the System at different stirring speeds and different base fluid volumes
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 1min at normal temperature
The experimental result shows that the foaming amount of the system is gradually reduced and the density is gradually increased along with the reduction of the stirring speed, and the field can be adjusted according to the actual requirement. At the same stirring speed, when the volume of the base liquid is increased, the density of the system is increased, and the viscosity is reduced.
(3) Stirring time and speed
The results of the foaming amount and half-life test at different stirring times are shown in FIG. 1.
TABLE 5 Effect of different stirring speeds on the rheology of the System
The test result shows that the foaming amount, the half-life period and the system viscosity are increased to a certain extent along with the increase of the stirring time, and the filtration loss is reduced. After the stirring time reaches 30min, the foaming amount, half-life period, rheological property and filtration loss reduction performance of the system are not changed greatly, and the stirring time is recommended to be more than 30 min.
(4) Repeated foaming of the system
The multiple foaming performance of the system is shown in figure 2.
(5) pH value
TABLE 7 variation of foaming Properties of the part systems at different pH values
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 8000r/min, 200mL of water, 30min, normal temperature
TABLE 8 foaming Properties of the System in combination of base fluid volume, agitation speed and pH
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 30min at normal temperature
According to the analysis of experimental results, the foaming amount of the system is reduced with the increase of the pH value, but the change is small, and the field pH control range is recommended to be 8-9. The influence of the volume of the base liquid and the joint action of the stirring speed and the pH value on the foaming performance of the system is tested after the influence of different pH values on the foaming performance of the multi-stage foam drilling fluid system is tested, and the analysis of experimental data shows that the reduction of the stirring speed and the increase of the volume of the base liquid can both reduce the foaming amount, improve the density of the system and increase the system greatly.
(6) Content of rock dust
TABLE 94000 r/min and Performance of the System at different rock powder loadings
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 200mL of water, 30min, normal temperature
TABLE 105000 r/min and System Performance at different rock fines loadings
Remarking: stirring conditions are as follows: 200mL of water, 30min, normal temperature
Analysis of experimental data shows that with the increase of the addition of rock powder, the viscosity and the foaming performance of the micro-foam drilling fluid system are not greatly changed, and the system density can be obviously increased and the filter loss can be reduced; the proper rock dust content can be maintained during drilling. With the increase of the addition of the rock powder, the viscosity and the foaming performance of the micro-foam drilling fluid system are not greatly changed, and the density of the system can be obviously increased and the filtration loss can be reduced.
Example 3
In field use maintenance, the following formula is adopted: the plugging performance of a microfoam drilling fluid system with the stirring condition of 5000r/min and 30min and the stirring base fluid volume of 300mL is selected and measured by taking 0.1% ULIT-1 (example 1) + 0.2% dodecyl dimethyl betaine + 0.3% biopolymer XC + 0.2% guar GHPG + 1% lignite resin + 1% ammonium salt + 0.2% potassium polyacrylate as a reference, and the results are shown in Table 11. Analysis data shows that the micro-foam can effectively block the pore space formed by the quartz sand with different meshes, and the blocking effect is good.
TABLE 11 plugging test of multi-stage foam low damage drilling fluid system on different mesh quartz sand under different pressures
Remarking: 5000r/min, 300mL, 30min
(2) Evaluation of reservoir protection effect of micro-foam drilling fluid system
And selecting a coal rock core of a representative coal seam, and evaluating the reservoir protection effect of the micro-foam drilling fluid system. The results of the reservoir protection experiments are shown in table 12. The analysis of reservoir protection experimental data shows that the micro-foam drilling fluid can keep the plugging rate of the rock core and the permeability recovery value after flowback to be more than 90%, and has better reservoir protection effect.
TABLE 12 micro-foam drilling fluid system reservoir protection effect test data
Example 4
The maintenance method when the filtration loss exceeds the design range comprises the following steps:
when the filtration loss exceeds the design range, adding the filtrate reducer lignite resin, wherein the specific addition mass is 2% -3% of the mass of the drilling fluid, measuring the filtration loss of the system after circulating for two to three weeks, and when the filtration loss is too large, the lignite resin and ammonium salt are matched for use, so that the effect is better than that of independently adding the lignite resin, the filtration loss is further effectively reduced, the rheological property of the system is good, and the specific proportioning design is shown in table 13. At the moment, the addition of the ammonium salt is controlled to be 1.0-2.0% of the mass of the drilling fluid until the filtration loss meets the design requirement.
TABLE 13 fluid loss additive compounding optimization experiment
Claims (10)
1. The use and maintenance method of the micro-foam drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing the micro-foam drilling fluid and maintaining the performance of the drilling fluid;
the preparation of the micro-foam drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
s1) drilling a cement plug by using original well slurry, and then replacing the cement plug with fresh water;
s2) adding a filtrate reducer into fresh water, then adding a foam stabilizer and an inhibitor, mixing and hydrating, adding a foaming agent when the funnel viscosity of the drilling fluid reaches 70S, and adjusting the drilling fluid to the density of 0.95-1.5 g/cm3；
The fluid loss additive is lignite resin; the mass of the filtrate reducer is 0.5-3% of that of the fresh water;
the foaming agent is a sulfonate foaming agent shown in a formula (I) and an alkyl betaine surfactant; the mass of the sulfonate foaming agent shown in the formula (I) is 0.05-0.2% of that of the fresh water; the mass of the alkyl betaine surfactant is 0.1-0.4% of that of the fresh water;
wherein a is an integer of 1-3, and b is an integer of 2-8;
the foam stabilizer is a biopolymer and guar gum; the mass of the biological polymer is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the fresh water; the mass of the guanidine gum is 0.1-0.5% of that of the fresh water;
the inhibitor comprises ammonium salt and potassium polyacrylate; the mass of the ammonium salt is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the fresh water; the mass of the potassium polyacrylate is 0.1-0.5% of that of the fresh water.
2. The use and maintenance method according to claim 1, wherein a is 1, b is 4; the alkyl betaine surfactant is dodecyl dimethyl betaine; the biopolymer is XC biopolymer; the guar gum is GPHG.
3. The use and maintenance method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1), the cement plug is drilled with the original well slurry until 1-2 m is left, and then replaced with fresh water.
4. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: during drilling, the fluid loss additive, the foam stabilizer, the inhibitor and the foaming agent are prepared into glue solution respectively and then added into the drilling fluid.
5. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: during drilling, large bubbles in the drilling fluid are turned into micro-foam using a stirrer and drilling fluid gun in the circulation tank.
6. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: according to the sand return condition, the foam return state and the experiment of the influence of each treating agent on the performance of the drilling fluid, the viscosity and the shear force of the drilling fluid are adjusted by adding the biopolymer, the guar gum and the potassium polyacrylate.
7. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: after the drill is drilled to the bottom, the density is measured after the circulation is carried out for 1 to 3 weeks until the density is less than or equal to 1.1g/cm3And then treating the drilling fluid.
8. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: when drilling a stratum which is easy to hydrate and expand, adding polyacrylonitrile, wherein the mass of the added polyacrylonitrile is 0.5-1% of that of the fresh water; when drilling a stratum which is easy to disperse, adding potassium polyacrylate, wherein the mass of the potassium polyacrylate is 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the fresh water; when drilling a stratum which is easy to collapse, adding a foam stabilizer to improve the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid, wherein the mass of the foam stabilizer is 0.2-0.4% of the mass of the fresh water.
9. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: when drilling a stratum which is easy to collapse, the density of the drilling fluid is increased to 1.2g/cm3～1.5g/cm3And increase the times of reaming and drilling tool short lifting.
10. The use maintenance method of claim 1, wherein the performance maintenance of the drilling fluid comprises: controlling the solid content of the drilling fluid in the drilling process by using a vibrating screen; the mesh number of the screen in the vibrating screen is 40-60 meshes.
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| US6668927B1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2003-12-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Well completion foamed spacer fluids and methods |
| CN101979457A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-02-23 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Seawater-based solid phase-free environment-friendly drilling and completion fluid |
| CN106753287A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Ultralow temperature drilling fluid is used in a kind of deep-sea and permafrost region probing |
| CN107502321A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-12-22 | 中联煤层气有限责任公司 | A kind of novel foam drilling fluid system and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6668927B1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2003-12-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Well completion foamed spacer fluids and methods |
| CN101979457A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-02-23 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Seawater-based solid phase-free environment-friendly drilling and completion fluid |
| CN106753287A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Ultralow temperature drilling fluid is used in a kind of deep-sea and permafrost region probing |
| CN107502321A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-12-22 | 中联煤层气有限责任公司 | A kind of novel foam drilling fluid system and preparation method thereof |
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