CN112454757A

CN112454757A - Mold and shell

Info

Publication number: CN112454757A
Application number: CN202011165104.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛飞; 张瑾瑜; 提亚峰; 范新中; 王宁; 陈增奎; 方泽平; 梁祖典; 杨东生; 王晓鹏; 王宇锐; 雷豹; 丁国元; 夏艳; 程蕾; 单亦姣; 姚重阳; 许俊伟; 唐念华; 刘鹏
Original assignee: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
Current assignee: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
Priority date: 2020-10-27
Filing date: 2020-10-27
Publication date: 2021-03-09

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a mold and a shell, wherein the mold comprises a plurality of core molds, split molds, female molds, a first pressing ring and a second pressing ring; the core mould is cylindrical; the plurality of split molds are used for surrounding the outer surface of the core mold, and a gap for accommodating the stringer blank is formed between every two adjacent split molds; the outer surface of the split mold and the outer surface of the stringer blank accommodated in the gap are used for winding the skin blank, so that the skin blank and the stringer blank are connected into a whole; the female die is used for surrounding the outer side of the skin blank; the first pressing ring covers the female die and the first ends of the multiple split dies and shields the stringer blank and the skin blank; the second pressing ring cover is arranged at the second ends of the female die and the plurality of split dies and shields the stringer blank and the skin blank. The stringer blank and the skin blank can be integrated into a whole, so that the stringer and the skin are not required to be fixed by fasteners, the overall weight of the shell is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Mold and shell

Technical Field

The application relates to a carrier rocket manufacturing technology, in particular to a mold and a shell.

Background

Launch vehicles are vehicles that are manufactured to propel a spacecraft (e.g., an artificial earth satellite, a manned spacecraft, a space station, or an interplanetary probe, etc.) toward a predetermined orbit in space. Typically, a launch vehicle is made up of a plurality of sections joined end-to-end.

In the solutions of the related art, the cabin section includes a shell and an engine or a spacecraft arranged in the shell, and the shell is a main force-bearing component of the cabin section. The shell comprises a metal stringer and a skin laid on the outer peripheral side of the metal stringer; during manufacturing, the metal stringer and the skin are fixed together by using a fastener.

However, with the solutions in the related art, the manufacturing efficiency of the case is low, the number of fasteners is large, and the weight is large, which is not favorable for the light weight of the launch vehicle.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a mold and a shell, which are mainly used for solving the problems of large quantity of fasteners of a carrier rocket shell, heavy weight and low manufacturing efficiency in the related technology.

According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a mold comprising:

the core mold is cylindrical;

the core mould comprises a plurality of core moulds, a plurality of split moulds and a plurality of stringer blank supporting plates, wherein the core mould is used for accommodating a stringer blank; wherein the outer surface of the split mold and the outer surface of the stringer blank accommodated at the gap are used for winding a skin blank, so that the skin blank and the stringer blank are connected into a whole;

a female mold for surrounding an outer side of the skin blank;

the first pressing ring is covered at the first ends of the female die and the split dies and shields the stringer blank and the skin blank;

and the second pressing ring covers the female die and the second ends of the multiple split dies and shields the stringer blank and the skin blank.

The mold as described above, optionally, the gap is parallel to the axial direction of the core mold; alternatively, the gap is provided in a circumferential direction of the core mold.

Optionally, the split molds are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core mold, and the cross sections of the split molds are arc-shaped; or, a plurality of the split molds are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the core mold, and the cross sections of the split molds are circular ring-shaped.

In the mold as described above, optionally, the outer surface of the female mold is provided with a plurality of grooves, the grooves are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the female mold, the grooves are used for accommodating a clamping band, and the clamping band is used for pressing the female mold.

The mold as described above, optionally, the female mold comprises a plurality of female sub-molds, and the female sub-molds jointly enclose the female mold; the plurality of sub female dies are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core die, and the cross sections of the sub female dies are arc-shaped.

Optionally, the core mold is removably attached to the split mold as described above.

As for the mold, optionally, a plurality of first fixing holes are formed in the inner surface of the split mold, a corresponding plurality of first through holes are formed in the core mold, and the first fastening member is fixed in the first fixing hole after passing through the first through hole.

In the mold as described above, optionally, the plurality of first fixing holes are arranged in a plurality of rows along the axial direction of the core mold, and the distances between the adjacent rows of first fixing holes are equal; the first fixing holes in the same column are uniformly distributed.

The mould as described above, optionally the first fastener comprises a pin and a steel sleeve.

Optionally, the first pressing ring is fixedly connected to the first end of the core mold and the first end of the female mold; and the second pressing ring is fixedly connected with the second end of the core mold and the second end of the female mold.

According to the mold, optionally, a second through hole is formed in the first pressing ring, corresponding second fixing holes are formed in the first end of the core mold and the first end of the female mold, and a second fastener penetrates through the second through hole and then is fixed in the second fixing hole;

and a third through hole is formed in the second pressing ring, corresponding third fixing holes are formed in the second end of the core mold and the second end of the female mold, and a third fastener penetrates through the third through hole and then is fixed in the third fixing hole.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a shell, including a skin and a plurality of stringers, wherein the skin and the plurality of stringers are integrally formed by using the mold as described above.

The embodiment of the application provides a mold and a shell, wherein the mold comprises a plurality of core molds, split molds, female molds, a first pressing ring and a second pressing ring; the core mould is cylindrical; the plurality of split molds are used for surrounding the outer surface of the core mold, and a gap for accommodating the stringer blank is formed between every two adjacent split molds; the outer surface of the split mold and the outer surface of the stringer blank accommodated in the gap are used for winding the skin blank, so that the skin blank and the stringer blank are connected into a whole; the female die is used for surrounding the outer side of the skin blank; the first pressing ring covers the female die and the first ends of the multiple split dies and shields the stringer blank and the skin blank; the second pressing ring cover is arranged at the second ends of the female die and the plurality of split dies and shields the stringer blank and the skin blank. When the mould is used, the stringer blank can be placed into the gap, the skin blank is wound on the outer surface of the split mould, and the stringer blank and the skin blank are in contact with each other; and then, pressure is simultaneously applied to the die on the inner surface of the core die, the outer surface of the female die, the outer surface of the first pressing ring and the outer surface of the second pressing ring, so that the stringer blank and the skin blank are integrated, a fastener is not required to be used for fixing the stringer and the skin, the overall weight of the shell is favorably reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mold according to an embodiment of the present application;

shown in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a mold provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 shows an exploded view of a mold provided in an embodiment of the present application in use.

Reference numerals:

10-stringer blank; 20-skin blank;

100-core mold; 110 — a first via;

200-split mold; 210-a first fixation hole;

300-female die; 301-grooves; 310-female daughter mold; 320-a cuff;

400-a first pressure ring;

500-second compression ring.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following further detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings makes it clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example one

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mold according to an embodiment of the present application; shown in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a mold provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application; fig. 3 is an exploded view of a mold provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application in use; please refer to fig. 1-3.

In order to solve the problems in the related art, the present embodiment aims to provide a mold capable of integrally molding a stringer with a skin. The mould is the basis of the forming process of the composite material structure of the stringer and the skin, is related to the difficulty of the processes of manufacturing, curing, demoulding and the like of the component, and is the key for ensuring the size and the shape precision of the product. The mold design needs to meet the following requirements: (1) the thermal expansion amount of the die meets the demoulding requirement, the size of a formed member meets the drawing requirement, and the residual stress in the curing and forming process is avoided as much as possible; (2) the material of the die is selected to have higher heat resistance, and the die can keep low enough roughness and air tightness under the action of higher temperature and pressure and can work for a long time; (3) the thickness of the wall of the die is reasonable, so that the temperature of the die is uniform in the curing process, the thermal stress of a workpiece is reduced, and the quality of the workpiece is improved; (4) the die material has higher thermal conductivity, so that the heat transfer of the die is rapid during heating, and the temperature of the die is rapidly raised, thereby reducing the curing period of the die and a workpiece and improving the utilization rate of the thermal pressure.

Based on the above, the present embodiment provides a mold, including:

a core mold 100, the core mold 100 being cylindrical; in this embodiment, the core mold 100 as a main force-bearing component may be made of a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant metal material.

And a plurality of split molds 200, wherein the split molds 200 surround the outer surface of the core mold 100 in a cylindrical shape, a gap for accommodating the stringer blank 10 is formed between two adjacent split molds 200, and the outer surfaces of the split molds 200 and the stringer blank accommodated in the gap are used for winding the skin blank, so that the skin blank and the stringer blank are connected into a whole. In this embodiment, the split mold 200 may be an aluminum split mold, a gap between two adjacent split molds 200 may be set as required, the gap may be set along the axial direction of the mold (i.e., the axial direction of the core mold 100), or may be inclined at a certain angle with the axial direction of the mold, and specifically may be selected as required. The outer surface of the core mold 100 abuts on the inner surface of the split mold 200; the core mold 100 and the split mold 200 can be connected and fixed by welding or detachable connection; preferably, the core mold 100 and the split mold 200 are detachably connected in this embodiment.

And the female die 300 is sleeved outside the split dies 200, and the female die 300 is sleeved on the outer sides of the split dies 200. In this embodiment, the female mold 300 may be an aluminum female mold, and in use, the female mold 300 and the core mold 100 abut against the inner side and the outer side of the split mold 200, respectively, and the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 to be combined are clamped therebetween.

And the first pressing ring 400 is arranged at the first ends of the female die 300 and the plurality of split dies 200 in a covering mode and shields the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 so as to prevent the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 to be compounded from overflowing when being extruded.

And the second pressing ring 500 is arranged at the second ends of the female die 300 and the plurality of split dies 200 and covers the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 to prevent the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 to be compounded from overflowing when being extruded.

The stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 of the above embodiments are both flexible and have a degree of inter-melt properties such that they may be formed as a single piece.

When the die of the embodiment is used, the split dies 200 are first connected and fixed with the core die 100, a gap is formed between two adjacent split dies, and then the stringer blank 10 is placed in the gap, so that the stringer blank 10 should protrude out of the gap to ensure sufficient contact; then, the skin blank 20 is wound on the outer side of the split mold 200 to be in contact with the stringer blank 10; then, the female die 300 can be sleeved on the outer side of the skin blank 20, and the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 are tightly extruded together; finally, the first press ring 400 and the second press ring 500 can be respectively fixed at the two ends of the core mold and the female mold, and the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 are completely blocked to prevent the materials from overflowing out of the mold during extrusion. When the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 are solidified, the inner surface of the core mold 100, the outer surface of the female mold 300, the outer surface of the first pressing ring 400 and the outer surface of the second pressing ring 500 can be simultaneously pressed on the mold, so that the stringer blank 10 and the skin blank 20 in the stringer blank are fully fused into a whole, fasteners are not needed to fix the stringer and the skin, the overall weight of the shell is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Alternatively, the gap in the present embodiment is parallel to the axial direction of the core mold 100; alternatively, the gap is provided in the circumferential direction of the core mold 100.

When the gap is parallel to the axial direction of the core mold 100, the plurality of split molds 200 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core mold 100, and the cross sections of the split molds 200 are arc-shaped; in this way, the stringer length direction formed is consistent with the axial direction of the skin;

when the gap is provided in the circumferential direction of the core mold 100, the plurality of split molds 200 are distributed at intervals in the axial direction of the core mold 100, and the cross section of the split mold 200 has a circular ring shape. In this way, the length direction of the stringer formed is consistent with the circumferential direction of the skin.

Further, in order to facilitate the application of pressure to the mold from the outside of the female mold 300, the outer surface of the female mold 300 is provided with a plurality of grooves 301, the grooves 301 are provided on the outer circumferential side of the female mold 300, a band 320 may be placed in the grooves 301, and the band 320 tightens the female mold 300 to apply pressure to the inside of the mold.

In this embodiment, the female mold 300 includes a plurality of sub-female molds 310, the plurality of sub-female molds 310 jointly enclose the female mold 300, the plurality of sub-female molds 310 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core mold 100, the cross section of the sub-female mold 310 is arc-shaped, and the female mold 300 can be more conveniently mounted and dismounted by adopting a structure in which the plurality of sub-female molds 310 are spliced.

In an alternative embodiment, the core mold 100 and the split mold 200 are removably attached by fasteners. Specifically, the inner surface of the split mold 200 is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes 210, the core mold 100 is provided with a plurality of corresponding first through holes 110, and the first fastening member is fixed in the first fixing hole 210 after passing through the first through hole 110.

Alternatively, the plurality of first fixing holes 210 may be arranged in a plurality of rows in the axial direction of the core mold 100, and the distances between the adjacent two rows of first fixing holes 210 are equal; the plurality of first fixing holes 210 in the same row are uniformly distributed so that the fastening force is substantially the same throughout the core mold 100 and the split mold 200, resulting in more uniform distribution of force.

Optionally, the first fastener comprises a pin and a steel sleeve.

In this embodiment, the first pressing ring 400 is fixedly connected to the first end of the core mold 100 and the first end of the female mold 300; a second compression ring 500 is fixedly coupled to the second end of the core mold 100 and the second end of the female mold 300. The specific connection fixing mode can be selected as that a second through hole is arranged on the first pressing ring 400, corresponding second fixing holes are respectively arranged at the first end of the core mold 100 and the first end of the female mold 300, and a second fastener penetrates through the second through hole and then is fixed in the second fixing hole; a third through hole is formed in the second pressing ring 500, corresponding third fixing holes are formed in the second end of the core mold 100 and the second end of the female mold 300, and a third fastener penetrates through the third through hole and then is fixed in the third fixing hole. Wherein, the second fastener and the third fastener can be selected to be the screw.

Thus, the core mould, the split mould and the female mould are fixed in the radial direction, and the skin blank and the stringer blank are extruded and connected into a whole.

According to the above description, the mold of the embodiment can integrally form the stringers and the skin, which is beneficial to reducing the number of the fasteners, thereby being beneficial to reducing the overall weight of the shell and improving the production efficiency.

After the shell is molded, the shell needs to be removed from the mold. First, the band is removed, so that the female sub-moulds can be removed, at which point the outer surface of the shell is already visible; then, the first pressing ring and the second pressing ring are taken down; then, the detachable connection between the core mould and the split mould is detached from the cylindrical space of the core mould, and the core mould is taken down; finally, a split mold is removed from the housing.

Therefore, the shell and the die can be conveniently separated, and the problem of demoulding is solved.

Optionally, the stringer blank is a stringer blank of composite material, said skin blank being a skin blank of composite material. The stringer blank and the skin blank may be of the same or different composite materials.

Specifically, the stringer blank is a stringer blank made of a carbon fiber material, and the skin blank is a skin blank made of a carbon fiber material.

Example two

The present embodiment provides a shell, which includes a skin and a plurality of stringers, wherein the skin and the plurality of stringers are integrally formed by using the mold as described in the first embodiment.

The shell of the embodiment adopts the mold of the first embodiment to integrally form the skin and the plurality of stringers, so that the use amount of fasteners in the shell is reduced, the shell is lighter in weight, and the production efficiency is improved.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can communicate with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. A mold, comprising:

the core mold is cylindrical;

a female mold for surrounding an outer side of the skin blank;

2. The mold according to claim 1, wherein the gap is parallel to an axial direction of the core mold; alternatively, the gap is provided in a circumferential direction of the core mold.

3. The mold according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the split molds are arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the core mold, and a cross section of the split mold has a circular arc shape; or, a plurality of the split molds are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the core mold, and the cross sections of the split molds are circular ring-shaped.

4. A mould as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external surface of the female mould is provided with a plurality of recesses, the recesses being provided on the external peripheral side of the female mould, the recesses being adapted to receive a strap for compressing the female mould.

5. The mold of claim 1, wherein the cavity block comprises a plurality of sub-cavity blocks that collectively enclose the cavity block; the plurality of sub female dies are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core die, and the cross sections of the sub female dies are arc-shaped.

6. The mold of claim 1, wherein the core mold is removably coupled to the split mold.

7. The mold according to claim 6, wherein the inner surface of the split mold is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes, the core mold is provided with a corresponding plurality of first through holes, and the first fastening member is fixed in the first fixing holes after passing through the first through holes.

8. The mold according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of the first fixing holes are arranged in a plurality of rows along the axial direction of the core mold, and the distance between the first fixing holes in two adjacent rows is equal; the first fixing holes in the same column are uniformly distributed.

9. The mold of claim 8, wherein the first fastener comprises a pin and a steel sleeve.

10. The mold of claim 1, wherein the first compression ring is fixedly coupled to the first end of the core mold and the first end of the cavity mold; and the second pressing ring is fixedly connected with the second end of the core mold and the second end of the female mold.

11. The mold according to claim 10, wherein the first press ring is provided with a second through hole, the first end of the core mold and the first end of the female mold are provided with corresponding second fixing holes, and a second fastener passes through the second through hole and is fixed in the second fixing hole;

12. A casing comprising a skin and a plurality of stringers, the skin being integrally formed with the plurality of stringers using a mould according to any of claims 1 to 11.