CN112453421A - Reinforced material adding process based on arc fuse and mold reinforcing method - Google Patents
Reinforced material adding process based on arc fuse and mold reinforcing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453421A CN112453421A CN202011315049.8A CN202011315049A CN112453421A CN 112453421 A CN112453421 A CN 112453421A CN 202011315049 A CN202011315049 A CN 202011315049A CN 112453421 A CN112453421 A CN 112453421A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a reinforced additive process based on an arc fuse, wherein each fuse additive forms an arc fuse additive layer, and the arc fuse additive layer is hammered; paving a grid frame every 2-3 layers of arc fuse additive materials; hammering the grid frame after the grid frame is laid so that the grid frame is attached to the arc fuse additive layer; when the grid framework is laid, nails are welded on the arc fuse additive layer to position the grid; the hardness of the grid frame material and the hardness of the nail material are both greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting points of the grid frame material and the nail material are both less than that of the fuse wire additive material, so that the grid frame and the nail are gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive material and are finally combined with the arc fuse wire additive layer into a whole. The die strengthening method of the invention is to perform tempering heat treatment after the die is subjected to arc fuse additive strengthening. The invention can enhance the strength and hardness of the material increase area, eliminate residual stress and improve the toughness of the die.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die processing.
Background
The die needs to be repaired when worn, especially a large die. Arc fuse additive processes are commonly used in mold repair. The arc fuse wire material increase process generally adopts an arc fuse wire to increase materials, the arc fuse wire material increase is carried out layer by layer, and due to insufficient welding strength, the arc fuse wire material increase layers are stripped, and the strength of a material increase area is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides an enhanced material adding process based on an arc fuse, and solves the technical problem of how to improve the strength of an additive area.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an enhanced additive process based on an arc fuse, which comprises the following steps of:
hammering the arc fuse wire additive layer to flatten the surface of the arc fuse wire additive layer when each fuse wire additive layer forms an arc fuse wire additive layer;
each electric arc fuse wire additive layer comprises 2-3 electric arc fuse wire additive layers, a grid frame is laid on the electric arc fuse wire additive layer on the uppermost layer, and each time of lapping is horizontally rotated relative to the last lapping
(ii) a Hammering the grid frame after the grid frame is laid so that the grid frame is attached to the arc fuse additive layer;
the hardness of the grid framework material is greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting point of the grid framework material is less than that of the fuse wire material, so that the grid framework is gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive and finally integrated with the arc fuse wire additive layer.
Further, when the grid framework is laid, nails are welded on the arc fuse additive layer to position the grid;
the hardness of the grid frame material and the hardness of the nail material are both greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting points of the grid frame material and the nail material are both less than that of the fuse wire additive material, so that the grid frame and the nail are gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive material and are finally combined with the arc fuse wire additive layer into a whole.
Further, the fuse wire material is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy; the grid framework and the nail are made of high-alloy structural steel.
Furthermore, the hammering reduction of the arc fuse additive layer is 5-8 mm each time; the hammering acting force on the grid is between the minimum force for achieving the attaching effect and the maximum force for ensuring the integrity of the grid; the hammer insertion temperature range is 20-550 ℃.
The invention also provides a die strengthening method, and the arc fuse wire material increasing process based on the arc fuse wire is adopted to perform arc fuse wire material increasing on the part to be strengthened of the die or perform arc fuse wire material increasing on the whole surface of the die to form a strengthening region.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention utilizes the temperature of the arc fuse additive layer to melt the grid in the process of arc fuse additive material addition, thereby leading the grid frame and the arc fuse additive layer to be fused into a whole.
2. Hammering the arc fuse additive layer can not only enable the surface of the arc fuse additive layer to be smooth so as to facilitate lapping, but also play a stress eliminating effect, reduce the residual stress of the arc fuse additive layer and improve the strength of the arc fuse additive layer.
3. The mesh is laid by rotating the mesh, so that the nodes on the mesh are distributed relatively uniformly, and the shear can be effectively resisted when the whole die is subjected to the action of a shear force, thereby improving the strength and the hardness of the die.
4. The nails are melted together with the grid framework and fused with the arc fuse additive layer into a whole in the fuse additive process while positioning the grid, so that the strength of a positioning area is further enhanced; particularly, when the nail is welded on the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to a region with larger die abrasion, the intensity of the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to the region with larger die abrasion can be enhanced, and the arc fuse wire additive layer is more smooth.
5. The material of the arc fuse additive layer can be selected from nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy, so that the added arc fuse additive layer has good strength, and the selection range of the material of the arc fuse additive layer is expanded.
6. According to the die strengthening method, tempering heat treatment is carried out after the electric arc fuse wire is subjected to material increase, so that stable tempered martensite is obtained, the effect of improving the structure stability is achieved, the die does not generate structure transformation in the using process, the geometric dimension and the performance of the die tend to be stable, the internal stress can be eliminated, and the toughness is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of staggered lapping;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the welding of the nail;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lattice frame;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of peening a grid framework laid over an arc fuse additive layer;
FIG. 5 is a simulation of a pressurization experiment performed after a screen is applied to an arc fuse additive layer;
fig. 6 is a simulation of a pressurization experiment performed on an ungrid arc fuse additive layer.
Detailed Description
For a new mold, a material increase strengthening area can be reserved in a local part in advance, and then material increase strengthening treatment is carried out by the method; and for the failed die, after the failed part is cleaned, the method is used for additive strengthening treatment.
In a failure die, arc fuse additive strengthening is only needed in a local area where abrasion is generated for a large die, and arc fuse additive strengthening can be performed on the whole die surface for a small die. In the embodiment, the die subjected to the electric arc fuse material additive strengthening is further subjected to tempering heat treatment to obtain stable tempered martensite so as to achieve the effect of improving the structure stability, so that the die does not generate structure transformation in the using process, the geometric dimension and the performance of the die tend to be stable, the internal stress can be eliminated, and the toughness is improved. The arc fuse additive process and the tempering heat treatment are described below.
An enhanced additive process based on an arc fuse, comprising the steps of:
hammering the arc fuse wire additive layer to flatten the surface of the arc fuse wire additive layer when each fuse wire additive layer forms an arc fuse wire additive layer;
referring to fig. 1, for each 2-3 arc fuse additive layers 1, a grid frame 2 is laid on the uppermost arc fuse additive layer, and each time the net is laid, the net is horizontally rotated relative to the previous net, and the net is laid
(ii) a After the grid frame 2 is laid, hammering the grid frame 2 to enable the grid frame 2 to be attached to the arc fuse additive layer; the hardness of the grid frame 2 material is greater than the fuse material and the melting point of the grid frame 2 material is less than the melting point of the fuse material, so that the grid frame 2 gradually melts as the fuse additive progresses and is finally integrated with the arc fuse additive layer.
In this embodiment, the horizontal rotation angle of the lapping is 0 to 90 degrees, e.g., 30 degrees. The mesh is laid by rotating the mesh, so that the nodes on the mesh are distributed relatively uniformly, and the shear can be effectively resisted when the whole die is subjected to the action of a shear force, thereby improving the strength and the hardness of the die.
When the arc fuse wire is used for material increase, the diameter range of the fuse wire is 0.5-3.0 mm; the fuse material can be selected from nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy according to requirements. The effect that regional whole reached of vibration material disk after the hammering: the residual stress is small, and the surface is smooth. The added arc fuse has good strength and expands the selection range of the materials of the added arc fuse layer.
Setting parameters of the arc fuse during material adding and hammering: arc fuse additive current: 400A; arc fuse additive voltage 32V; hammering pressure: 0.1-0.5 mpa; arc fuse material increase speed: 500 mm/min; hammering intervention temperature: 20-550 ℃; moving speed of the hammering head: 1000-2000 mm/min.
In order to prevent the grid framework 2 from sliding during the material increase of the arc fuse, nails are welded on the additive layer of the arc fuse to position the grid when the grid framework 2 is laid; the hardness of the grid framework 2 material and the nail material are both higher than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting points of the grid framework 2 material and the nail material are both lower than that of the fuse wire additive material, so that the grid framework 2 and the nails are gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive material and finally are integrated with the arc fuse wire additive layer.
Referring to fig. 2, more than one nail may be welded on the arc fuse additive layer corresponding to a region of greater die wear; for a new mold, reserving a material increase strengthening area in a local part in advance, and then determining the number of nails and welding positions according to the size of the mold; reinforcing a local area of a failed large-scale die, and welding a nail on the arc fuse additive layer; for overall arc fuse additive strengthening of small failed dies, the nail welding on the arc fuse additive layer corresponds to a region of greater die wear.
The nails are melted together with the grid framework 2 in the fuse wire additive process and are fused into a whole with the arc fuse wire additive layer while positioning the grid, so that the strength of a positioning area is further enhanced; particularly, when the nail is welded on the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to a region with larger die abrasion or a region with higher stress concentration degree, the intensity of the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to the die abrasion region and the stress concentration region can be enhanced, and the arc fuse wire additive layer is more smooth.
The high alloy structural steel grid frame 2 is printed by a 3D printer, as shown in figure 3, the length = width = a =300mm of the grid, a plurality of small squares are arranged in the grid, the side length of each small square is 37.45mm, the squares are separated by grid wires, and the diameter of each grid wire is 0.1 mm. In addition, the grid frame 2 can cover the wear area of the mold during reinforcement. The data is entered into the printer before 3D printing. The grid frame 2 is printed and laid on the surface for the next arc fuse build-up. While a nail of about 0.1mm diameter and about 0.5mm length was printed from the same raw material (high alloy structural steel).
The 3D printing method, the embedding of the grid frame 2 and the nails, the inputting of the electric arc fuse wire additive parameters, and the hammering after the electric arc fuse wire additive is added each time and the grid frame 2 is laid and the nails are welded, so that the quality and the precision of a welding part are improved.
The hammering reduction of the arc fuse additive layer is 5-8 mm each time. Referring to fig. 4, the hammering force on the grid frame 2 is between the minimum force for achieving the bonding effect and the maximum force for ensuring the integrity of the grid, and the hammering intervention temperature range is 20-550 ℃, so that the grid frame 2 can be well bonded with the arc fuse additive layer.
In order to verify the stress resistance effect of the expanded arc fuse additive layer, simulation is performed by Deform software, and the simulation result is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, wherein both the graphs are the expanded arc fuse additive layer with the same material and thickness, the difference is that only the grid frame 2 is added in FIG. 5, and the grid frame is not added in FIG. 6. Then, the same stress is applied (i.e. the pressure of the fuse additive layers on the two figures is the same), and the fuse additive layer with the grid is found to resist the stress without deformation, while the fuse additive layer without the grid is directly flattened, thereby drawing the conclusion that the grid can resist certain stress.
After the arc fuse wire is added with materials, a strengthening area is formed on the part (stress concentration or abrasion area) to be strengthened of the mould or the whole surface of the mould; and then, forming tempered martensite on the die and the strengthening region through a tempering heat treatment process. The fuse wire material is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy, and the grid framework 2 and the nails are both made of high-alloy structural steel, so that the hardness of the strengthening area can be higher than that of the die.
The tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
first stress relief tempering: after the arc fuse wire material increase is finished, immediately returning to the furnace to heat, wherein the charging temperature is less than or equal to 450 ℃, the heating time is 0.4h, and the heating temperature is 500-550 ℃; the heat preservation time is determined by the heat preservation time of 1h per 50mm of the maximum geometric size;
slow cooling for the first time: placing in a heat-preservation sand pit, measuring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer at about 180 ℃ for 12 hours or longer;
secondary stress relief tempering: after the first slow cooling is finished, immediately returning to the furnace and raising the temperature, wherein the technological parameters are the same as those of the first stress relief tempering;
and (3) slow cooling for the second time: after the secondary stress relief tempering, placing the product in a heat-preservation sand pit, measuring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer at about 180 ℃ for 12 hours or more;
air cooling: and after the second slow cooling is finished, the temperature is about 180 ℃, and the steel is air-cooled to room temperature in the air to obtain stable tempered martensite.
Claims (10)
1. An enhanced additive manufacturing process based on an arc fuse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
hammering the arc fuse wire additive layer to flatten the surface of the arc fuse wire additive layer when each fuse wire additive layer forms an arc fuse wire additive layer;
each electric arc fuse wire additive layer comprises 2-3 electric arc fuse wire additive layers, a grid frame is laid on the electric arc fuse wire additive layer on the uppermost layer, and each time of lapping is horizontally rotated relative to the last lapping
(ii) a Hammering the grid frame after the grid frame is laid so that the grid frame is attached to the arc fuse additive layer;
the hardness of the grid framework material is greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting point of the grid framework material is less than that of the fuse wire material, so that the grid framework is gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive and finally integrated with the arc fuse wire additive layer.
2. The arc fuse based augmented additive process of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
when the grid framework is laid, nails are welded on the arc fuse additive layer to position the grid framework;
the hardness of the grid frame material and the hardness of the nail material are both greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting points of the grid frame material and the nail material are both less than that of the fuse wire additive material, so that the grid frame and the nail are gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive material and are finally combined with the arc fuse wire additive layer into a whole.
3. The arc fuse based reinforcement and additive process according to claim 2, wherein the grid framework and the nails are both made by 3D printing.
4. The enhanced additive process based on arc fuses of claim 1, wherein the fuse material is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy; the grid frame is made of high-alloy structural steel.
5. The enhanced additive process based on arc fuses of claim 2, wherein the fuse material is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy; the grid framework and the nails are made of high-alloy structural steel.
6. The arc fuse based augmented additive process of claim 1, wherein the grid frame is made using 3D printing.
7. The arc fuse based additive strengthening process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hammering reduction per hammering of the arc fuse additive layer is 5-8 mm; the hammering acting force on the grid frame is between the minimum force for achieving the attaching effect and the maximum force for ensuring the integrity of the grid; the hammer intervention temperature is 20-550 ℃.
8. A method for strengthening a mold, wherein the arc fuse-based strengthening additive process according to any one of claims 2 to 3 is used to perform arc fuse additive on a part to be strengthened of the mold or perform arc fuse additive on the entire surface of the mold to form a strengthened region.
9. The mold strengthening method of claim 8, wherein nails are provided on the arc fuse additive layer corresponding to regions where stress concentration or abrasion of the mold is severe.
10. The mold strengthening method of claim 8, wherein the fuse material is a nickel-based alloy or an iron-based alloy, and the grid framework and the nails are made of high alloy structural steel, so that the hardness of the strengthening area is greater than that of the mold; then, forming tempered martensite on the die and the strengthening area through a tempering heat treatment process, wherein the tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
first stress relief tempering: after the electric arc fuse wire material increase is finished, immediately returning to the furnace to heat, wherein the charging temperature is less than or equal to 450 ℃, the heating time is 0.4h, and the heating temperature is 500-550 ℃; the heat preservation time is determined by the heat preservation time of 1h per 50mm of the maximum geometric size;
slow cooling for the first time: placing in a heat-preservation sand pit, measuring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer at about 180 ℃ for 12 hours or longer;
secondary stress relief tempering: after the first slow cooling is finished, immediately returning to the furnace and raising the temperature, wherein the technological parameters are the same as those of the first stress relief tempering;
and (3) slow cooling for the second time: after the secondary stress relief tempering, placing the product in a heat-preservation sand pit, measuring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer at about 180 ℃ for 12 hours or more;
air cooling: and after the second slow cooling is finished, the temperature is about 180 ℃, and the steel is air-cooled to room temperature in the air to obtain stable tempered martensite.
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