CN112453421A - Reinforced material adding process based on arc fuse and mold reinforcing method - Google Patents

Reinforced material adding process based on arc fuse and mold reinforcing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112453421A
CN112453421A CN202011315049.8A CN202011315049A CN112453421A CN 112453421 A CN112453421 A CN 112453421A CN 202011315049 A CN202011315049 A CN 202011315049A CN 112453421 A CN112453421 A CN 112453421A
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fuse
grid frame
arc fuse
arc
additive
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CN112453421B (en
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权国政
胡昊轩
余炎泽
杨焜
盛雪
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Dragon Totem Technology Hefei Co ltd
Kangshuo Shanxi Low Stress Manufacturing System Technology Research Institute Co ltd
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Chongqing University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248Thermal after-treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B22F2007/068Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,每熔丝增材形成一个电弧熔丝增材层,就对电弧熔丝增材层进行锤击;每电弧熔丝增材2~3层,就铺设网格框架;铺设网格框架后对网格框架进行锤击以使网格框架与电弧熔丝增材层贴合;铺设网格框架时,在电弧熔丝增材层上焊接钉子对网格进行定位;网格框架材料与钉子材料的硬度均大于熔丝材料的硬度,并且网格框架材料以及钉子材料的熔点均小于熔丝增材材料的熔点,从而使得网格框架与钉子随着熔丝增材的进行而逐渐熔化,最后与电弧熔丝增材层结合为整体。本发明的模具强化方法是对模具进行电弧熔丝增材强化后再进行回火热处理。本发明能够增强增材区的强度与硬度,消除残余应力,提高模具的韧性。

Figure 202011315049

The invention discloses a strengthening and additive process based on an arc fuse. Each fuse is added to form an arc fuse additive layer, and the arc fuse additive layer is hammered; 3 layers, just lay the grid frame; after laying the grid frame, hammer the grid frame to make the grid frame and the arc fuse additive layer fit; when laying the grid frame, on the arc fuse additive layer Welding nails to position the grid; the hardness of the grid frame material and the nail material are both greater than the hardness of the fuse material, and the melting points of the grid frame material and the nail material are both lower than the melting point of the fuse additive material, so that the grid frame The nails gradually melt with the fuse additive process, and finally combine with the arc fuse additive layer as a whole. The mold strengthening method of the present invention is to carry out the arc fuse additive strengthening on the mold and then carry out tempering heat treatment. The invention can enhance the strength and hardness of the additive zone, eliminate residual stress, and improve the toughness of the mold.

Figure 202011315049

Description

Reinforced material adding process based on arc fuse and mold reinforcing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die processing.
Background
The die needs to be repaired when worn, especially a large die. Arc fuse additive processes are commonly used in mold repair. The arc fuse wire material increase process generally adopts an arc fuse wire to increase materials, the arc fuse wire material increase is carried out layer by layer, and due to insufficient welding strength, the arc fuse wire material increase layers are stripped, and the strength of a material increase area is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides an enhanced material adding process based on an arc fuse, and solves the technical problem of how to improve the strength of an additive area.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an enhanced additive process based on an arc fuse, which comprises the following steps of:
hammering the arc fuse wire additive layer to flatten the surface of the arc fuse wire additive layer when each fuse wire additive layer forms an arc fuse wire additive layer;
each electric arc fuse wire additive layer comprises 2-3 electric arc fuse wire additive layers, a grid frame is laid on the electric arc fuse wire additive layer on the uppermost layer, and each time of lapping is horizontally rotated relative to the last lapping
Figure 689541DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(ii) a Hammering the grid frame after the grid frame is laid so that the grid frame is attached to the arc fuse additive layer;
the hardness of the grid framework material is greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting point of the grid framework material is less than that of the fuse wire material, so that the grid framework is gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive and finally integrated with the arc fuse wire additive layer.
Further, when the grid framework is laid, nails are welded on the arc fuse additive layer to position the grid;
the hardness of the grid frame material and the hardness of the nail material are both greater than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting points of the grid frame material and the nail material are both less than that of the fuse wire additive material, so that the grid frame and the nail are gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive material and are finally combined with the arc fuse wire additive layer into a whole.
Further, the fuse wire material is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy; the grid framework and the nail are made of high-alloy structural steel.
Furthermore, the hammering reduction of the arc fuse additive layer is 5-8 mm each time; the hammering acting force on the grid is between the minimum force for achieving the attaching effect and the maximum force for ensuring the integrity of the grid; the hammer insertion temperature range is 20-550 ℃.
The invention also provides a die strengthening method, and the arc fuse wire material increasing process based on the arc fuse wire is adopted to perform arc fuse wire material increasing on the part to be strengthened of the die or perform arc fuse wire material increasing on the whole surface of the die to form a strengthening region.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention utilizes the temperature of the arc fuse additive layer to melt the grid in the process of arc fuse additive material addition, thereby leading the grid frame and the arc fuse additive layer to be fused into a whole.
2. Hammering the arc fuse additive layer can not only enable the surface of the arc fuse additive layer to be smooth so as to facilitate lapping, but also play a stress eliminating effect, reduce the residual stress of the arc fuse additive layer and improve the strength of the arc fuse additive layer.
3. The mesh is laid by rotating the mesh, so that the nodes on the mesh are distributed relatively uniformly, and the shear can be effectively resisted when the whole die is subjected to the action of a shear force, thereby improving the strength and the hardness of the die.
4. The nails are melted together with the grid framework and fused with the arc fuse additive layer into a whole in the fuse additive process while positioning the grid, so that the strength of a positioning area is further enhanced; particularly, when the nail is welded on the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to a region with larger die abrasion, the intensity of the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to the region with larger die abrasion can be enhanced, and the arc fuse wire additive layer is more smooth.
5. The material of the arc fuse additive layer can be selected from nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy, so that the added arc fuse additive layer has good strength, and the selection range of the material of the arc fuse additive layer is expanded.
6. According to the die strengthening method, tempering heat treatment is carried out after the electric arc fuse wire is subjected to material increase, so that stable tempered martensite is obtained, the effect of improving the structure stability is achieved, the die does not generate structure transformation in the using process, the geometric dimension and the performance of the die tend to be stable, the internal stress can be eliminated, and the toughness is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of staggered lapping;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the welding of the nail;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lattice frame;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of peening a grid framework laid over an arc fuse additive layer;
FIG. 5 is a simulation of a pressurization experiment performed after a screen is applied to an arc fuse additive layer;
fig. 6 is a simulation of a pressurization experiment performed on an ungrid arc fuse additive layer.
Detailed Description
For a new mold, a material increase strengthening area can be reserved in a local part in advance, and then material increase strengthening treatment is carried out by the method; and for the failed die, after the failed part is cleaned, the method is used for additive strengthening treatment.
In a failure die, arc fuse additive strengthening is only needed in a local area where abrasion is generated for a large die, and arc fuse additive strengthening can be performed on the whole die surface for a small die. In the embodiment, the die subjected to the electric arc fuse material additive strengthening is further subjected to tempering heat treatment to obtain stable tempered martensite so as to achieve the effect of improving the structure stability, so that the die does not generate structure transformation in the using process, the geometric dimension and the performance of the die tend to be stable, the internal stress can be eliminated, and the toughness is improved. The arc fuse additive process and the tempering heat treatment are described below.
An enhanced additive process based on an arc fuse, comprising the steps of:
hammering the arc fuse wire additive layer to flatten the surface of the arc fuse wire additive layer when each fuse wire additive layer forms an arc fuse wire additive layer;
referring to fig. 1, for each 2-3 arc fuse additive layers 1, a grid frame 2 is laid on the uppermost arc fuse additive layer, and each time the net is laid, the net is horizontally rotated relative to the previous net, and the net is laid
Figure 514671DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(ii) a After the grid frame 2 is laid, hammering the grid frame 2 to enable the grid frame 2 to be attached to the arc fuse additive layer; the hardness of the grid frame 2 material is greater than the fuse material and the melting point of the grid frame 2 material is less than the melting point of the fuse material, so that the grid frame 2 gradually melts as the fuse additive progresses and is finally integrated with the arc fuse additive layer.
In this embodiment, the horizontal rotation angle of the lapping is 0 to 90 degrees, e.g., 30 degrees. The mesh is laid by rotating the mesh, so that the nodes on the mesh are distributed relatively uniformly, and the shear can be effectively resisted when the whole die is subjected to the action of a shear force, thereby improving the strength and the hardness of the die.
When the arc fuse wire is used for material increase, the diameter range of the fuse wire is 0.5-3.0 mm; the fuse material can be selected from nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy according to requirements. The effect that regional whole reached of vibration material disk after the hammering: the residual stress is small, and the surface is smooth. The added arc fuse has good strength and expands the selection range of the materials of the added arc fuse layer.
Setting parameters of the arc fuse during material adding and hammering: arc fuse additive current: 400A; arc fuse additive voltage 32V; hammering pressure: 0.1-0.5 mpa; arc fuse material increase speed: 500 mm/min; hammering intervention temperature: 20-550 ℃; moving speed of the hammering head: 1000-2000 mm/min.
In order to prevent the grid framework 2 from sliding during the material increase of the arc fuse, nails are welded on the additive layer of the arc fuse to position the grid when the grid framework 2 is laid; the hardness of the grid framework 2 material and the nail material are both higher than that of the fuse wire material, and the melting points of the grid framework 2 material and the nail material are both lower than that of the fuse wire additive material, so that the grid framework 2 and the nails are gradually melted along with the fuse wire additive material and finally are integrated with the arc fuse wire additive layer.
Referring to fig. 2, more than one nail may be welded on the arc fuse additive layer corresponding to a region of greater die wear; for a new mold, reserving a material increase strengthening area in a local part in advance, and then determining the number of nails and welding positions according to the size of the mold; reinforcing a local area of a failed large-scale die, and welding a nail on the arc fuse additive layer; for overall arc fuse additive strengthening of small failed dies, the nail welding on the arc fuse additive layer corresponds to a region of greater die wear.
The nails are melted together with the grid framework 2 in the fuse wire additive process and are fused into a whole with the arc fuse wire additive layer while positioning the grid, so that the strength of a positioning area is further enhanced; particularly, when the nail is welded on the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to a region with larger die abrasion or a region with higher stress concentration degree, the intensity of the arc fuse wire additive layer corresponding to the die abrasion region and the stress concentration region can be enhanced, and the arc fuse wire additive layer is more smooth.
The high alloy structural steel grid frame 2 is printed by a 3D printer, as shown in figure 3, the length = width = a =300mm of the grid, a plurality of small squares are arranged in the grid, the side length of each small square is 37.45mm, the squares are separated by grid wires, and the diameter of each grid wire is 0.1 mm. In addition, the grid frame 2 can cover the wear area of the mold during reinforcement. The data is entered into the printer before 3D printing. The grid frame 2 is printed and laid on the surface for the next arc fuse build-up. While a nail of about 0.1mm diameter and about 0.5mm length was printed from the same raw material (high alloy structural steel).
The 3D printing method, the embedding of the grid frame 2 and the nails, the inputting of the electric arc fuse wire additive parameters, and the hammering after the electric arc fuse wire additive is added each time and the grid frame 2 is laid and the nails are welded, so that the quality and the precision of a welding part are improved.
The hammering reduction of the arc fuse additive layer is 5-8 mm each time. Referring to fig. 4, the hammering force on the grid frame 2 is between the minimum force for achieving the bonding effect and the maximum force for ensuring the integrity of the grid, and the hammering intervention temperature range is 20-550 ℃, so that the grid frame 2 can be well bonded with the arc fuse additive layer.
In order to verify the stress resistance effect of the expanded arc fuse additive layer, simulation is performed by Deform software, and the simulation result is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, wherein both the graphs are the expanded arc fuse additive layer with the same material and thickness, the difference is that only the grid frame 2 is added in FIG. 5, and the grid frame is not added in FIG. 6. Then, the same stress is applied (i.e. the pressure of the fuse additive layers on the two figures is the same), and the fuse additive layer with the grid is found to resist the stress without deformation, while the fuse additive layer without the grid is directly flattened, thereby drawing the conclusion that the grid can resist certain stress.
After the arc fuse wire is added with materials, a strengthening area is formed on the part (stress concentration or abrasion area) to be strengthened of the mould or the whole surface of the mould; and then, forming tempered martensite on the die and the strengthening region through a tempering heat treatment process. The fuse wire material is nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy, and the grid framework 2 and the nails are both made of high-alloy structural steel, so that the hardness of the strengthening area can be higher than that of the die.
The tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
first stress relief tempering: after the arc fuse wire material increase is finished, immediately returning to the furnace to heat, wherein the charging temperature is less than or equal to 450 ℃, the heating time is 0.4h, and the heating temperature is 500-550 ℃; the heat preservation time is determined by the heat preservation time of 1h per 50mm of the maximum geometric size;
slow cooling for the first time: placing in a heat-preservation sand pit, measuring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer at about 180 ℃ for 12 hours or longer;
secondary stress relief tempering: after the first slow cooling is finished, immediately returning to the furnace and raising the temperature, wherein the technological parameters are the same as those of the first stress relief tempering;
and (3) slow cooling for the second time: after the secondary stress relief tempering, placing the product in a heat-preservation sand pit, measuring the temperature by using an infrared thermometer at about 180 ℃ for 12 hours or more;
air cooling: and after the second slow cooling is finished, the temperature is about 180 ℃, and the steel is air-cooled to room temperature in the air to obtain stable tempered martensite.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a strengthening additive process based on arc fuse, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 每熔丝增材形成一个电弧熔丝增材层,就对电弧熔丝增材层进行锤击使电弧熔丝增材层表面平整;Each time the fuse additive forms an arc fuse additive layer, the arc fuse additive layer is hammered to make the surface of the arc fuse additive layer smooth; 每电弧熔丝增材2~3层电弧熔丝增材层,就在最上层电弧熔丝增材层上铺设网格框架,并且每次铺网相对上次铺网水平旋转
Figure 101177DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
; 铺设网格框架后对网格框架进行锤击以使网格框架与电弧熔丝增材层贴合;
Each arc fuse additive layer is 2~3 layers of arc fuse additive layer, and the grid frame is laid on the uppermost arc fuse additive layer, and each laying is horizontally rotated relative to the previous laying.
Figure 101177DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
; After laying the grid frame, hammer the grid frame to make the grid frame fit the arc fuse additive layer;
网格框架材料的硬度大于熔丝材料的硬度,并且网格框架材料的熔点小于熔丝材料的熔点,从而使得网格框架随着熔丝增材的进行而逐渐熔化,最后与电弧熔丝增材层结合为整体。The hardness of the grid frame material is greater than that of the fuse material, and the melting point of the grid frame material is smaller than the melting point of the fuse material, so that the grid frame gradually melts with the progress of the fuse addition, and finally merges with the arc fuse addition. The material layers are combined as a whole.
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:2. the enhanced additive process based on arc fuse according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 铺设网格框架时,在电弧熔丝增材层上焊接钉子对网格框架进行定位;When laying the grid frame, weld nails on the arc fuse additive layer to position the grid frame; 网格框架材料与钉子材料的硬度均大于熔丝材料的硬度,并且网格框架材料以及钉子材料的熔点均小于熔丝增材材料的熔点,从而使得网格框架与钉子随着熔丝增材的进行而逐渐熔化,最后与电弧熔丝增材层结合为整体。The hardness of the grid frame material and the nail material are both greater than the hardness of the fuse material, and the melting points of the grid frame material and the nail material are both lower than the melting point of the fuse additive material, so that the grid frame and the nail will follow the fuse additive material. It gradually melts as it progresses, and finally combines with the arc fuse additive layer as a whole. 3.根据权利要求2所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于网格框架与钉子均采用3D打印制成。3 . The enhanced additive process based on arc fuse according to claim 2 , wherein the grid frame and the nail are both made of 3D printing. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于,熔丝材料为镍基合金或铁基合金;网格框架采用高合金结构钢。4. The arc fuse-based strengthening and additive process according to claim 1, wherein the fuse material is a nickel-based alloy or an iron-based alloy; the grid frame adopts high-alloy structural steel. 5.根据权利要求2所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于,熔丝材料为镍基合金或铁基合金;网格框架与钉子均采用高合金结构钢。5 . The enhanced additive process based on arc fuse according to claim 2 , wherein the fuse material is a nickel-based alloy or an iron-based alloy; the grid frame and the nail are made of high-alloy structural steel. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于,网格框架采用3D打印制成。6 . The enhanced additive process based on arc fuse according to claim 1 , wherein the grid frame is made of 3D printing. 7 . 7.根据权利要求1至3中任一所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺,其特征在于,每次对电弧熔丝增材层进行锤击的锤击压下量为5-8mm;对网格框架的锤击作用力的大小介于达到贴合效果的最小力与保证网格完整性的最大力之间;锤击介入温度20-550℃。7. The arc fuse-based enhanced additive process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hammering reduction of each time the arc fuse additive layer is hammered is 5-8 mm ; The size of the hammering force on the grid frame is between the minimum force to achieve the fit effect and the maximum force to ensure the integrity of the grid; the hammering intervention temperature is 20-550 ℃. 8.一种模具强化方法,其特在于,采用权利要求2至3中任一所述的基于电弧熔丝的强化增材工艺在模具的待强化部位上电弧熔丝增材或对模具整个表面进行电弧熔丝增材以形成强化区。8. A method for strengthening a mold, characterized in that the arc fuse-based augmentation process according to any one of claims 2 to 3 is used to add materials to the arc fuse on the part to be strengthened of the mold or to the entire surface of the mold. Arc fuse additive is performed to form the strengthened zone. 9.根据权利要求8所述的模具强化方法,,其特征在于,在电弧熔丝增材层上对应于模具应力集中或磨损严重区域设置钉子。9 . The method for strengthening the mold according to claim 8 , wherein nails are arranged on the arc fuse additive layer corresponding to the areas where the stress concentration of the mold is concentrated or the wear is severe. 10 . 10.根据权利要求8所述的模具强化方法,其特征在于,熔丝材料为镍基合金或铁基合金,网格框架与钉子均采用高合金结构钢,能够使强化区硬度大于模具硬度;然后,通过回火热处理工艺使模具与强化区均形成回火马氏体,回火热处理工艺如下:10. The mold strengthening method according to claim 8, wherein the fuse material is a nickel-based alloy or an iron-based alloy, and the grid frame and the nail are made of high-alloy structural steel, so that the hardness of the strengthening zone is greater than that of the mold; Then, tempered martensite is formed in both the mold and the strengthening area through a tempering heat treatment process. The tempering heat treatment process is as follows: 第一次去应力回火:电弧熔丝增材完成后立刻回炉升温,装炉温度小于或等于450℃,升温时间0.4h,加热温度500~550℃;保温时间由最大几何尺寸每50mm保温1h确定;The first stress relief tempering: after the completion of the arc fuse addition, it is immediately returned to the furnace to heat up, the furnace loading temperature is less than or equal to 450 °C, the heating time is 0.4h, and the heating temperature is 500~550 °C; the holding time is from the maximum geometric size. Sure; 第一次缓冷:放在保温沙坑中,温度约180℃,时间大于或等于12h,用红外线测温仪进行测温;The first slow cooling: put it in a thermal insulation sand pit, the temperature is about 180 ℃, the time is greater than or equal to 12h, and the temperature is measured with an infrared thermometer; 第二次去应力回火:第一次缓冷结束后,立刻回炉升温,工艺参数与第一次去应力回火相同;The second stress relief tempering: after the first slow cooling, immediately return to the furnace to heat up, and the process parameters are the same as the first stress relief tempering; 第二次缓冷:第二次去应力回火后,放在保温沙坑中,温度约180℃,时间大于或等于12h,用红外线测温仪进行测温;The second slow cooling: After the second stress relief and tempering, put it in a thermal insulation sand pit, the temperature is about 180 ° C, the time is greater than or equal to 12 hours, and the temperature is measured with an infrared thermometer; 空冷:第二次缓冷完成后温度约180℃,在空气中空冷至室温,得到稳定的回火马氏体。Air cooling: After the second slow cooling is completed, the temperature is about 180°C, and it is cooled to room temperature in air to obtain stable tempered martensite.
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