CN112447864A - Strip-shaped solar cell piece, solar cell, photovoltaic module and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Strip-shaped solar cell piece, solar cell, photovoltaic module and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112447864A CN112447864A CN201910807434.5A CN201910807434A CN112447864A CN 112447864 A CN112447864 A CN 112447864A CN 201910807434 A CN201910807434 A CN 201910807434A CN 112447864 A CN112447864 A CN 112447864A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
- H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a strip-shaped solar cell piece, a solar cell, a photovoltaic module and a manufacturing method of the solar cell and the photovoltaic module. The strip-shaped solar cell comprises a semiconductor substrate and a bus electrode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a first edge and a second edge which are opposite, at least one of the first edge and the second edge is a nonlinear edge formed by cell splitting, the nonlinear edge is provided with protruding parts and recessed parts which are alternately arranged, and the bus electrode points to the recessed parts. Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module can realize the electrical connection of the adjacent strip-shaped solar cells by the solder strips penetrating through the concave parts, and has the advantages of reducing the edge stress of the cells, improving the subfissure, reducing the material cost, improving the light utilization rate and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a strip-shaped solar cell, a photovoltaic module and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the field of photovoltaics.
Background
At present, a certain inter-cell distance exists between two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a conventional photovoltaic module, so that the generated power per unit area of the photovoltaic module is limited.
For this reason, it is an industry trend to reduce or even eliminate the inter-chip spacing.
Disclosure of Invention
In a first aspect, the invention aims to provide a strip-shaped solar cell and a solar cell, so as to reduce or even eliminate the cell pitch and improve the power generation efficiency of a module.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a strip-shaped solar cell, including a semiconductor substrate and a bus electrode disposed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate includes a first edge and a second edge which are opposite to each other, at least one of the first edge and the second edge is a non-linear edge formed by splitting a cell, the non-linear edge has a protruding portion and a recessed portion which are alternately arranged, and the bus electrode is directed to the recessed portion.
As a further improvement of the invention, the width of the protruding portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge is equal to the width of the recessed portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the non-linear edge has a sine wave shape, and one end of the bus electrode is located at a trough of the sine wave.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a strip-shaped solar cell, including a semiconductor substrate and a bus electrode disposed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate includes a first edge and a second edge opposite to each other, at least one of the first edge and the second edge is wave-shaped, and the bus electrode points to a wave trough of the wave-shaped.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a solar cell, which includes a first strip-shaped cell region and a second strip-shaped cell region that are adjacent to each other, where the first strip-shaped cell region includes a plurality of first bus electrodes disposed on a surface of the first strip-shaped cell region, the second strip-shaped cell region includes a plurality of second bus electrodes disposed on a surface of the second strip-shaped cell region, an array formed by the plurality of first bus electrodes and an array formed by the plurality of second bus electrodes are in a central symmetry relationship, and the first bus electrodes and the second bus electrodes are arranged in a staggered manner in an extending direction thereof.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the side length l of the solar cell satisfies one of the following conditions: l is more than 156 and less than or equal to 180 mm; or l is more than or equal to 160 and less than or equal to 170 mm; or l is more than or equal to 164 and less than or equal to 167 mm.
In a second aspect, the present invention also aims to provide a photovoltaic module and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to reduce or even eliminate the cell pitch and improve the power generation efficiency of the module.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a plurality of cell strings, each cell string includes a plurality of strip-shaped solar cells arranged in an extending direction thereof and a solder strip connecting adjacent strip-shaped solar cells, at least one of two edges of adjacent strip-shaped solar cells close to each other is a non-linear edge formed by cell splitting, the non-linear edge has protruding portions and recessed portions arranged alternately, a gap is left at the recessed portions between adjacent two strip-shaped solar cells, and the solder strip extends from a front surface of one strip-shaped solar cell to a back surface of another strip-shaped solar cell through the gap.
As a further improvement of the present invention, edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cell sheets of the plurality of strip-shaped solar cell sheets overlap at the protruding portion.
As a further development of the invention, the non-linear edge is sinusoidal, the welding ribbon passing through the trough of the sinusoidal wave.
As a further improvement of the invention, the height of the wave crest of the sine wave is between 0.2mm and 2 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the width of the protruding portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge is equal to the width of the recessed portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the strip-shaped solar cell includes a plurality of bus electrodes arranged in parallel on the surface thereof, the solder strip is soldered to the bus electrodes, the bus electrodes point to the recessed portion, and a gap exists between one end of the bus electrodes near the recessed portion and the recessed portion.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a plurality of battery strings, each battery string includes a plurality of strip-shaped solar battery pieces arranged in an extending direction thereof and a solder strip connecting adjacent strip-shaped solar battery pieces, and is characterized in that: at least one of two adjacent edges of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells is wavy, a gap is reserved at the wave trough position of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells, and the welding strip extends from the front surface of one strip-shaped solar cell to the back surface of the other adjacent strip-shaped solar cell through the gap.
As a further development of the invention, the solder strip comprises a transition section through the gap, the transition section being flat, the maximum width of the gap in the direction of extent of the solder strip being greater than or equal to the thickness of the transition section.
As a further improvement of the invention, the edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells in the plurality of strip-shaped solar cells are overlapped at the wave-shaped wave crest.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module manufacturing method, including:
providing a first strip-shaped solar cell piece and a second strip-shaped solar cell piece, wherein the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece are respectively provided with at least one nonlinear long edge, and the nonlinear long edge is provided with protruding parts and recessed parts which are alternately arranged;
providing a solder strip comprising a first section and a second section along its length;
electrically connecting the first section of the solder strip with the front side of the first strip-shaped solar cell;
leaving a gap between the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece at the concave part, and enabling a welding strip to pass through the gap;
and electrically connecting the second section of the solder strip with the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the providing of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet includes: the square solar cell is divided into a first strip-shaped solar cell piece and a second strip-shaped solar cell piece along a dividing line, and the dividing line is a sine curve.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the photovoltaic module manufacturing method further includes: rotating the second strip-shaped solar cell piece by 180 degrees in the plane where the second strip-shaped solar cell piece is located; and overlapping the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet and the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet at the protruding part.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module manufacturing method, including:
providing a first strip-shaped solar cell piece and a second strip-shaped solar cell piece, wherein the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece are provided with at least one long edge in a wave shape;
providing a solder strip comprising a first section and a second section along its length;
electrically connecting the first section of the solder strip with the front side of the first strip-shaped solar cell;
leaving a gap at the wave-shaped wave trough position between the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece, and enabling a welding strip to pass through the gap;
and electrically connecting the second section of the solder strip with the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, at least one of the first edge and the second edge of the semiconductor substrate of the strip-shaped solar cell is designed to be the nonlinear edge formed by cell segmentation, and the nonlinear edge is provided with the protruding parts and the recessed parts which are alternately arranged, so that the solder strip can pass through the recessed parts while the inter-cell distance between adjacent cells in the assembly is reduced or even eliminated, and the cell splitting rate is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a five-layer structure of a conventional photovoltaic module.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the photovoltaic module of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells connected in series in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a circled portion in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of fig. 4 with solder strips added.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of one strip-shaped solar cell in fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of a circled portion in fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell when the stripe-shaped solar cell sheet shown in fig. 6 is formed.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the solar cell shown in fig. 8 when it is diced.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 9 after cutting.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the strip-shaped solar cells of fig. 10 after being rotated by 180 °.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of another mode in which two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells shown in fig. 3 are connected in series.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 13 after cutting.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the assembled photovoltaic module of fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 16 after cutting.
Fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of the assembled photovoltaic module of fig. 17.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic module generally includes five layers, which are, from top to bottom: a transparent front plate (such as glass) 1, a packaging adhesive film 2, a solar cell 3, a packaging adhesive film 4 and a back plate (such as glass) 5. After the five-layer structure is vacuumized, heated and laminated, the packaging adhesive films 2 and 4 are crosslinked and cured, so that the five-layer structure is firmly bonded together, and a conventional photovoltaic module is manufactured by additionally arranging an aluminum frame and a junction box and sealing the aluminum frame and the junction box by using silica gel. The solar cells 3 may be single crystal silicon cells or polycrystalline silicon cells, two adjacent solar cells 3 are electrically connected by a solder strip (such as a tinned copper strip), and the solder strip is used to connect the front surface of one solar cell 3 with the back surface of another adjacent solar cell 3, so as to realize the serial connection of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the solar cell 3.
In the large background of higher and higher module power, increasing the size of the photovoltaic cell becomes one of the effective ways to increase the module power. At present, for a monocrystalline silicon battery, the difficulty of increasing the size of the battery is greater due to the limitation of the production process; compared with a monocrystalline silicon battery, the polycrystalline silicon battery adopts an ingot casting process, so that the difficulty of increasing the size of the battery is not great.
The conventional cell is typically 156mm by 156mm, and the side length l of the polysilicon cell adjusted according to the embodiment of the present application can satisfy any one of the following conditions: l is more than 156 and less than or equal to 180mm, or l is more than or equal to 160 and less than or equal to 170mm, or l is more than or equal to 164 and less than or equal to 167 mm. For example, l may take one of the following values: 165.0mm, 165.1mm, 165.2mm, 165.3mm, 165.4mm, 165.5mm, 165.6mm, 165.7mm, 165.8mm, 165.9mm, 166.0mm, 166.1mm, 166.2mm, 166.3mm, 166.4mm, 166.5mm, 166.6mm, 166.7mm, 166.8mm, 166.9 mm.
While increasing the size of silicon cells, there is also a need to consider the compatibility of existing production equipment, for example: the size of the battery is increased, so that the size of the component is increased, the size of the component matched by the conventional component laminating machine is required to fluctuate within a certain range, and when the size of the component is higher than the range, the productivity is affected; as another example, the larger size of the assembly also results in glass that is difficult to match, requiring larger glass to be produced, which is unacceptable to glass manufacturers (because of the need to upgrade the equipment); for another example, in the component testing link, the existing testing conditions and testing equipment are also adapted to the battery with the corresponding size, so that if the battery with the increased size is compatible with the original testing equipment, the cost can be controlled.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the photovoltaic module according to the present invention. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of cell strings 10, wherein each cell string 10 comprises a plurality of strip-shaped solar cells 20 arranged in the extending direction of the cell string and solder strips (not numbered) connecting the adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 20. Generally, two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 20 are connected in series with each other through solder strips to form a small cell string; the small battery strings can be connected in series or in parallel to form a large battery string; the large battery strings can be connected in series or in parallel to form a photovoltaic module.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cell sheets 20 in the plurality of strip-shaped solar cell sheets 20 are overlapped, at least one of the two overlapped edges is a cell splitting-formed nonlinear edge having protruding portions and recessed portions alternately arranged, and the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cell sheets 20 are overlapped at the protruding portions with a gap left at the recessed portions. The solder strip extends from the front surface of one strip-shaped solar cell piece 20 to the back surface of the other adjacent strip-shaped solar cell piece 20 through the gap. The term "cell division molding" refers to the process of dividing a single cell into two or more strip-shaped cells to form the nonlinear edge. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the non-linear edge may not be formed by a battery dicing process, such as: the waved silicon ingot cutting surface can be formed when cutting the silicon ingot, and then the silicon ingot is cut into a plurality of battery pieces.
For clarity of description, the structure of the single strip-shaped solar cell sheet 20 will be described below.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the strip-shaped solar cell 20 includes a semiconductor substrate 21 and a plurality of parallel bus electrodes 22 disposed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate 21, the semiconductor substrate 21 having a front surface and a back surface, the front surface being configured to face a light incident direction to receive energy from a light source; the bus electrode 22 includes a front surface electrode provided on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 21 and a back surface electrode provided on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 21.
The semiconductor substrate 21 comprises a first edge 211 and a second edge 212 which are opposite, at least one of the first edge 211 and the second edge 212 is a cell splitting non-linear edge which is provided with protruding parts 23 and concave parts 24 which are alternately arranged, and the bus electrode 22 points to the concave parts 24. It can be understood that: assuming that the first edge 211 or the second edge 212 is a straight edge, the protruding portion 23 is a portion protruding with respect to the straight edge, and the recessed portion 24 is a portion recessed with respect to the straight edge, by the alternate connection of the protruding portion 23 and the recessed portion 24, the first edge 211 or the second edge 212 is entirely sine-wave-shaped.
Taking fig. 6 as an example, the first edge 211 is a straight edge and the second edge 212 is a non-straight edge, so that the second edge 212 has the protruding portion 23 and the recessed portion 24. Preferably, the second edge 212 is sinusoidal, and the width w1 of the protruding portion 23 along the longitudinal direction of the second edge 212 is equal to the width w2 of the recessed portion 24 along the longitudinal direction of the second edge 212, and one end of the bus electrode 22 is located at the trough of the sinusoidal wave. Of course, the shape of the second edge 212 may be other, and is not limited herein. The height of the wave crest of the sine wave is between 0.2mm and 2 mm.
The extending direction of the first edge 211 and the second edge 212 is defined as a first direction, and the extending direction of the bus electrode 22 is defined as a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. In the second direction, the bus electrode 22 is directed toward the recessed portion 24 and extends between the recessed portion 24 and the first edge 211, and there is a gap between one end of the bus electrode 22 near the recessed portion 24 and the recessed portion 24. Of course, the extension length of the bus electrode 22 is not limited and may be determined according to actual conditions.
In the second direction, the bus electrode 22 includes a plurality of uniformly distributed welding points 221 and grid lines 222 connecting the welding points 221, and the grid lines 222 point to the wave troughs of the concave parts 24; with the arrangement, the welding strip can be conveniently welded with the bus electrodes 22 of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 20 after passing through the wave trough of the concave part 24, and then the serial connection of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 20 is realized.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, for convenience of description, the strip-shaped solar cell sheet 20 located on the left side in fig. 3 is defined as a first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201, and the strip-shaped solar cell sheet 20 located on the right side is defined as a second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202, so that the first edge 211 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 overlaps with the protruding portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201, and a gap L is formed between the first edge 211 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 and the recessed portion 24 of the second edge 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201.
The solder strip comprises a first section 41 connected with the bus electrode 22 on the front surface of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201, a transition section 42 penetrating through the gap L, and a second section 43 connected with the bus electrode 22 on the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202, so that after the solder strip penetrates through the gap L, the series connection of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 can be realized. According to the mode, two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 20 can be connected in series to form a cell string, the forming process is simple, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be improved.
The solder strip is a circular solder strip, specifically, the first section 41 and the second section 43 are both in a circular arrangement, and the transition section 42 is in a flat arrangement, so that the potential cracking hazard of the strip-shaped solar cell in the pressing process can be reduced, and the process yield of the photovoltaic module is improved. The maximum width of the gap L in the extending direction of the solder strip (i.e., the second direction) is greater than or equal to the thickness of the transition section 42, so that the transition section 42 of the solder strip can smoothly pass through the gap L.
The strip-shaped solar cell 20 is formed by first manufacturing a whole solar cell by using a special screen based on a conventional cell manufacturing technology and then processing the whole solar cell by combining a laser cutting technology, so the firstly manufactured whole solar cell will be briefly described below.
As shown in fig. 8, the solar cell 30 includes a first stripe cell region 31 and a second stripe cell region 32, which are adjacent to each other, the first stripe cell region 31 includes a plurality of first bus electrodes 311 disposed on a surface of the first stripe cell region, the second stripe cell region 32 includes a plurality of second bus electrodes 321 disposed on a surface of the second stripe cell region, and an array formed by the plurality of first bus electrodes 311 and an array formed by the plurality of second bus electrodes 321 are in a central symmetry relationship.
Specifically, the first strip-shaped cell regions 31 and the second strip-shaped cell regions 32 are distributed left and right in the second direction; the plurality of first bus electrodes 311 are arranged up and down along the first direction, the plurality of second bus electrodes 321 are also arranged up and down along the first direction, and the first bus electrodes 311 and the second bus electrodes 321 are arranged up and down in a staggered manner in the first direction.
Two edges of the solar cell 30 extending along the first direction are defined as a left edge 301 and a right edge 302, two edges extending along the second direction are defined as an upper edge 303 and a lower edge 304, a distance between the first bus electrode array and the upper edge 303 is not equal to a distance between the first bus electrode array and the lower edge 304, and a distance between the second bus electrode array and the upper edge 303 is not equal to a distance between the second bus electrode array and the lower edge 304. However, the spacing between the first bus electrode array and the upper edge 303 is equal to the spacing between the second bus electrode array and the lower edge 304; the distance between the first bus electrode array and the lower edge 304 is equal to the distance between the second bus electrode array and the upper edge 303. By the arrangement, the first bus electrode array and the second bus electrode array are ensured to be in a centrosymmetric relation.
The first bus electrode 311 and the second bus electrode 321 are arranged at an interval and offset in the extending direction (i.e., the second direction). That is, in the second direction, there is a space between the first bus electrode 311 and the second bus electrode 321; in the first direction, the first bus electrode 311 is correspondingly located between two adjacent second bus electrodes 321. With this arrangement, a non-linear (preferably sinusoidal) dividing line may be formed between the first stripe cell region 31 and the second stripe cell region 32 to divide the entire solar cell 30 into two stripe-shaped solar cells 20.
As shown in fig. 9, the solar cell 30 has a substantially square shape, a non-linear dividing line 33 is formed between the first stripe cell region 31 and the second stripe cell region 32, and the dividing line 33 is preferably a sinusoidal line.
As shown in fig. 10, after the whole solar cell 30 is cut along the dividing line 33 in fig. 9, a first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and a second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 are obtained, and each of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 has a first edge 211 having a linear shape and a second edge 212 having a non-linear shape.
As shown in fig. 11, two identical strip-shaped solar cells can be obtained by rotating the second strip-shaped solar cell 202 by 180 ° in the plane of the first strip-shaped solar cell 201 in fig. 10 while keeping the first strip-shaped solar cell 201 still. In this case, the two identical strip-shaped solar cells can be overlapped and connected in series to form a small-sized cell string as shown in fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 3, 5 and 11, the method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module mainly includes:
providing a first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and a second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202, wherein the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 both have at least one second edge 212 with a non-linear shape, and the second edge 212 has protruding parts 23 and recessed parts 24 which are alternately arranged;
providing a solder strip comprising a first section 41 and a second section 43 along its length;
electrically connecting the first segment 41 of the solder strip with the bus electrode 22 on the front surface of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201;
overlapping the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 at the protruding part 23, leaving a gap L at the recessed part 24, and passing the transition section 42 of the solder strip through the gap L;
the second segment 43 of the solder ribbon is electrically connected to the bus electrode 22 on the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202.
After the soldering is completed, the first edges 211 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheets 202 are overlapped on top of the front surfaces of the protruding portions 23 of the second edges 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheets 201, the front surfaces of the protruding portions 23 being configured to face the light incident direction to receive energy from the light source.
As shown in fig. 12, as another implementation manner, the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 may also be configured as follows: the first edge 211 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 and the protruding portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 are close to each other without overlapping to leave a large gap L at the recessed portion 24, so that the transition section 42 of the solder strip can directly penetrate through the gap L to electrically connect the bus electrode 22 on the front surface of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the bus electrode 22 on the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202.
As shown in fig. 13 to 15, a second embodiment of the photovoltaic module of the present invention is different from the first embodiment mainly in that: in the first embodiment of fig. 9-11, the whole solar cell 30 is divided into the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 in a "two-by-one" manner, and each of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 has a first edge 211 in a straight line shape and a second edge 212 in a non-straight line shape, so that when forming the photovoltaic module, the first edge 211 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 can be overlapped with the protruding portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201, and thus the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 can be connected in series.
In the present embodiment, the whole solar cell 30 ' is divided into the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 ', the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 ', the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203 ' and the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204 ' in a "all-four-in-one" manner, and the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 ' and the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204 ' each have a first edge 211 having a linear shape and a second edge 212 having a non-linear shape, and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 ' and the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203 ' each have two second edges 212 having non-linear shapes.
The specific structures of the first strip-shaped solar cell 201 ', the second strip-shaped solar cell 202', the third strip-shaped solar cell 203 'and the fourth strip-shaped solar cell 204' are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Thus, when forming a photovoltaic module, the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 ', the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202', the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203 'and the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204' can be connected in series by overlapping the protruding portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202 'with the protruding portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201', overlapping the protruding portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203 'with the protruding portion 23 of the other second edge 212 of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202', and overlapping the first edge 211 of the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204 'with the protruding portion 23 of the other second edge 212 of the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203'.
Of course, the edges of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells may be close to each other at the protruding portion 23 without overlapping, as long as the solder strip can electrically connect the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells through the recessed portion 24, which is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 16 to 18, a photovoltaic module according to a third embodiment of the present invention is provided, which is substantially similar to the second embodiment, and the main differences are only: in this embodiment, the entire solar cell 30 is divided into the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201, the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202, the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203, the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204, the fifth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 205 and the sixth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 206 in a "six-cut-and-six" manner, and each of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 and the sixth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 206 has a first edge 211 having a straight line shape and a second edge 212 having a non-straight line shape, and each of the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202, the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203, the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204 and the fifth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 205 "has two second edges 212 having non-straight line shapes.
So that when forming the photovoltaic module, the solar cell panel can be formed by overlapping the protruded portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the second strip-shaped solar cell panel 202 "with the protruded portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the first strip-shaped solar cell panel 201", overlapping the protruded portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the third strip-shaped solar cell panel 203 "with the protruded portion 23 of the other second edge 212 of the second strip-shaped solar cell panel 202", overlapping the protruded portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the fourth strip-shaped solar cell panel 204 "with the protruded portion 23 of the other second edge 212 of the third strip-shaped solar cell panel 203", overlapping the protruded portion 23 of the second edge 212 of the fifth strip-shaped solar cell panel 205 "with the protruded portion 23 of the other second edge 212 of the fourth strip-shaped solar cell panel 204", overlapping the first edge 211 of the sixth strip-shaped solar cell panel 206 "with the protruded portion 23 of the other second edge 212 of the fifth strip-shaped solar cell panel 205", so as to realize the serial connection of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet 201 ", the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet 202", the third strip-shaped solar cell sheet 203 ", the fourth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 204", the fifth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 205 "and the sixth strip-shaped solar cell sheet 206".
Of course, in other embodiments, the whole solar cell may be divided in an "all-N" manner; meanwhile, the edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells may be close to each other at the protruding portion 23 without overlapping, as long as the solder strip can penetrate through the recessed portion 24 to electrically connect the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells, which is not limited herein.
It should be noted that: in the invention, the non-linear edge is preferably a sine wave, namely a wave-shaped curve; of course, the non-linear edge may also be a square wave as long as corresponding protruding portions and recessed portions can be formed so as to enable the solder strip to penetrate through the recessed portions to electrically connect two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells.
In summary, according to the invention, at least one of the first edge 211 and the second edge 212 of the semiconductor substrate 21 of the strip-shaped solar cell 20 is designed as a cell splitting non-linear edge, and the non-linear edge has the protruding portions 23 and the recessed portions 24 which are alternately arranged, so that the solder strip can pass through the recessed portions 24 while the inter-cell distance between adjacent cells in the assembly is reduced or even eliminated, and the cell splitting rate is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module has the following advantages: firstly, the area of the photovoltaic module is reduced by 1.5-3%, and the corresponding material cost is synchronously reduced by 1.5-3%; the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be improved by 0.4-0.6%, the requirements of national leaders and clients on high-efficiency modules are met, and the single-watt cost of the module and the power consumption cost of a photovoltaic power generation system are reduced; and the appearance color consistency is better and more beautiful, and the requirement of customers on beautiful components can be better met.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. A strip-shaped solar cell piece comprises a semiconductor substrate and a bus electrode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and is characterized in that: the semiconductor substrate comprises a first edge and a second edge which are opposite, at least one of the first edge and the second edge is a non-linear edge formed by cell splitting, the non-linear edge is provided with protruding portions and recessed portions which are alternately arranged, and the bus electrode points to the recessed portions.
2. Strip-shaped solar cell sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the protruding portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge is equal to the width of the recessed portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge.
3. Strip-shaped solar cell sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-linear edge is in a sine wave shape, and one end of the bus electrode is located at the wave trough of the sine wave.
4. A strip-shaped solar cell piece comprises a semiconductor substrate and a bus electrode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and is characterized in that: the semiconductor substrate comprises a first edge and a second edge which are opposite, at least one of the first edge and the second edge is wave-shaped, and the bus electrode points to a wave trough of the wave-shaped.
5. A solar cell, characterized by: including adjacent first bar battery region and second bar battery region, first bar battery region is including locating a plurality of first electrodes that converge on this regional surface, the second bar battery region is including locating a plurality of second electrodes that converge on this regional surface, the queue that a plurality of first electrodes that converge formed with the queue that a plurality of second electrodes that converge forms is central symmetry relation, first electrode that converges with the setting of staggering on its extending direction of second electrode that converges.
6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: the side length l of the solar cell meets one of the following conditions:
l is more than 156 and less than or equal to 180 mm; or
L is more than or equal to 160 and less than or equal to 170 mm; or
164≤l≤167mm。
7. The utility model provides a photovoltaic module, includes a plurality of battery clusters, the battery cluster includes a plurality of bar solar wafer of arranging and connects the solder strip of adjacent bar solar wafer on its extending direction, its characterized in that: at least one of two adjacent edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cell pieces is a nonlinear edge formed by cutting the cell, the nonlinear edge is provided with protruding parts and recessed parts which are alternately arranged, a gap is reserved at the recessed parts of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cell pieces, and the welding strip extends from the front surface of one strip-shaped solar cell piece to the back surface of the other adjacent strip-shaped solar cell piece through the gap.
8. The photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein: edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar battery pieces in the plurality of strip-shaped solar battery pieces are overlapped at the protruding part.
9. The photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein: the non-linear edge is sine wave shaped, and the welding strip passes through the wave trough of the sine wave.
10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein: the height of the wave crest of the sine wave is between 0.2mm and 2 mm.
11. The photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein: the width of the protruding portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge is equal to the width of the recessed portion in the lengthwise direction of the non-linear edge.
12. The photovoltaic module of claim 7, wherein: the strip-shaped solar cell piece comprises a plurality of bus electrodes which are arranged on the surface of the strip-shaped solar cell piece in parallel, the welding strip is welded with the bus electrodes, the bus electrodes point to the concave parts, and a distance exists between one end, close to the concave parts, of the bus electrodes and the concave parts.
13. The utility model provides a photovoltaic module, includes a plurality of battery clusters, the battery cluster includes a plurality of bar solar wafer of arranging and connects the solder strip of adjacent bar solar wafer on its extending direction, its characterized in that: at least one of two adjacent edges of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells is wavy, a gap is reserved at the wave trough position of the two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells, and the welding strip extends from the front surface of one strip-shaped solar cell to the back surface of the other adjacent strip-shaped solar cell through the gap.
14. The photovoltaic module of claim 7 or 13, wherein: the welding strip comprises a transition section passing through the gap, the transition section is flat, and the maximum width of the gap in the extending direction of the welding strip is larger than or equal to the thickness of the transition section.
15. The photovoltaic module of claim 13, wherein: the edges of two adjacent strip-shaped solar cells in the plurality of strip-shaped solar cells are overlapped at the wave-shaped wave crest.
16. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising:
providing a first strip-shaped solar cell piece and a second strip-shaped solar cell piece, wherein the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece are respectively provided with at least one nonlinear long edge, and the nonlinear long edge is provided with protruding parts and recessed parts which are alternately arranged;
providing a solder strip comprising a first section and a second section along its length;
electrically connecting the first section of the solder strip with the front side of the first strip-shaped solar cell;
leaving a gap between the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece at the concave part, and enabling a welding strip to pass through the gap;
and electrically connecting the second section of the solder strip with the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell.
17. The photovoltaic module manufacturing method according to claim 16, characterized in that: the providing of the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet and the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet includes:
the square solar cell is divided into a first strip-shaped solar cell piece and a second strip-shaped solar cell piece along a dividing line, and the dividing line is a sine curve.
18. The photovoltaic module manufacturing method according to claim 17, characterized in that: the photovoltaic module manufacturing method further includes:
rotating the second strip-shaped solar cell piece by 180 degrees in the plane where the second strip-shaped solar cell piece is located;
and overlapping the second strip-shaped solar cell sheet and the first strip-shaped solar cell sheet at the protruding part.
19. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising:
providing a first strip-shaped solar cell piece and a second strip-shaped solar cell piece, wherein the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece are provided with at least one long edge in a wave shape;
providing a solder strip comprising a first section and a second section along its length;
electrically connecting the first section of the solder strip with the front side of the first strip-shaped solar cell;
leaving a gap at the wave-shaped wave trough position between the first strip-shaped solar cell piece and the second strip-shaped solar cell piece, and enabling a welding strip to pass through the gap;
and electrically connecting the second section of the solder strip with the back surface of the second strip-shaped solar cell.
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