CN112447291A - Block chain-based method for sharing hospital data - Google Patents

Block chain-based method for sharing hospital data Download PDF

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CN112447291A
CN112447291A CN202011322251.3A CN202011322251A CN112447291A CN 112447291 A CN112447291 A CN 112447291A CN 202011322251 A CN202011322251 A CN 202011322251A CN 112447291 A CN112447291 A CN 112447291A
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data
chain
patient
hospital
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CN112447291B (en
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张宇
王觅也
师庆科
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West China Hospital of Sichuan University
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West China Hospital of Sichuan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60Protecting data
    • G06F21/602Providing cryptographic facilities or services
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60Protecting data
    • G06F21/64Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/70ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

The invention discloses a block chain-based method for sharing hospital data, and provides a method for sharing data between hospitals by matching a block chain technology with a dynamic data management strategy. Firstly, desensitizing information of a patient by using a Hash algorithm, secondly, processing data of the desensitized data by using a data processing strategy according to the difference of data quality between hospital bodies, adding the processed data into a block chain, and finally, recording the use condition of all data by using the characteristic that the block chain has records on the use of the data, and adding an incentive mechanism to enable a data producer to actively improve the data quality. By the method provided by the invention, the desensitized same patient data can be associated, and a dynamic combination mode of uplink and downlink data management strategies is utilized, so that the efficiency is ensured, and the requirements of data users on data quality can be met.

Description

Block chain-based method for sharing hospital data
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of big data, in particular to a block chain-based method for sharing hospital data.
Background
With the rapid development of the computing power and deep learning of computers, the application of big data in various fields is developed vigorously, but the development in the medical industry has a lot of barriers, and the foundation is that the data quality is insufficient and the data cannot be effectively shared.
With the accumulation of medical data, especially structured medical data, and the unprecedented breakthrough of computer computing power in the deep learning field, the whole medical and health industry has an increasingly strong demand for sharing high-quality data, especially in the field of big data application. According to the research experience of many years of industries, the medical data volume has data accumulation for large data research like other industries, but effective sharing of data cannot be achieved at present, so that the medical data is much behind the other industries in terms of large data application, and the barriers of medical data sharing are mainly shown in the following aspects:
firstly, the accuracy of data is insufficient, for example, the data generated by the organization A, when the organization B uses the data, the data is modified, and when the data is used by the organization C, the accuracy of scientific research data is influenced;
secondly, data security, some illegal organizations, and blacklist organizations use these data, which may cause adverse effects;
thirdly, data privacy and privacy protection of patients are very important, so that the privacy of the patients can be effectively protected to share the data;
fourthly, the data is not willing to be shared for free, and the sharing without interest does not exist, so that an effective incentive mechanism is very important;
fifthly, after the data is acquired, in order to be fused with the data of the data and support research requirements, a large amount of data management work is required to be carried out for use, and the cost is greatly increased.
In the process of vigorously building a hospital and a medical community, the problems are serious, even if data are concentrated in one center, doctors can find that much data is low in quality when extracting the data, and the doctors lose confidence in the hospital center; the unified sharing of high-quality data is the most important basis for the unified development of services, so how to improve the data quality and enable the data quality to be effectively shared is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a block chain-based method for sharing hospital data, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the block chain-based method for sharing the hospital data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: recording the visit of patients of different doctors every time, and storing the record as a data block in a data chain of the doctors;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of carrying out Hash encryption on personal information of a patient and forming a main index to ensure that the same patient only has a unique main index;
and step 3: processing all uploaded data on the data chain by adopting a data management module;
and 4, step 4: when a user in the hospital body retrieves data in the data chain and applies for the data, the using condition of the retrieved data is counted, corresponding data free using rights are distributed to a data producer, and the using condition of the data is stored in the data using chain;
and 5: setting a period, counting the data use chain in the period, counting the use conditions of all data, and dynamically adjusting the data use right and the data management module of a data producer;
step 6: different hospital units use various data of patients seeing a doctor in each hospital on the data chain through the unique main index value of the patient according to requirements, and therefore data sharing is conducted.
Further, the specific operation steps in step 2 are:
step 21: basic personal information of a patient is encrypted by SHA-256 to obtain a first hash value;
step 22: and carrying out SHA-256 encryption on the basic personal information of the patient and the obtained first hash value to obtain a final unique primary index of the patient.
Further, the data governance module in step 3 comprises: the system comprises a data integrity checking submodule, a data relevance checking submodule, a data consistency checking submodule, a natural semantic processing submodule and a term processing submodule;
the data integrity checking submodule is used for checking the integrity of the uploaded data, checking whether the data contains the necessary information which is not uploaded, marking the data and returning the data to the doctor unit if the data contains the necessary information which is not uploaded, and checking the data after the data is complete;
the data relevance checking submodule is used for checking the relevant data information and confirming whether the relevance relation is correct or not so as to ensure the data quality;
the data consistency checking submodule is used for checking the consistency condition of the uploaded data and judging the accuracy of the uploaded data;
the natural semantic processing submodule is used for carrying out structuralization processing on the uploaded unstructured data and converting the unstructured data into structured data;
and the term processing submodule is used for standardizing terms of each doctor unit and ensuring data universality.
Further, the specific operation steps of step 4 are:
step 41: when the block in the data chain is searched and used once, correspondingly adding a new block on the data use chain, and recording the ID of the block on the used data chain, a data generator and a data user;
step 42: and distributing corresponding data gratuitous use rights for all data producers.
Further, the specific operation steps of step 5 are:
step 51: counting the use condition of data chain blocks recorded on a data use chain in a period, and distributing data gratuitous use right or data gratuitous use right for a data generator according to the use frequency of the blocks;
step 52: in the period, statistical data uses data management module information called when the data chain blocks recorded on the chain are stored, and unused sub-modules are dynamically adjusted to be unused.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the block chain is used as a shared database, so that data can be shared and stored between regions efficiently, the data quality and the data utilization rate are greatly improved, and the data can be shared and stored between the regions efficiently; the block chain can ensure data safety, and the patient diagnosis data or the data using condition of scientific research personnel can not be modified randomly;
secondly, the method of the invention stores the patient information by using two times of hash encryption, thereby ensuring the protection of the privacy of the patient and simultaneously ensuring that the patient information of all the patients in the hospital can be associated, and supporting the inquiry of all the patient histories when the patient needs to be concerned;
thirdly, the method distributes different data use authorities to each data generator by periodically counting the data use condition of the data use chain, doctors in the medical conjunction can provide the authority of using the uncompensated data according to the number of times of using the data provided by the doctors in the use process, if more uncompensated use authorities are desired to be obtained, the data with higher quality needs to be provided and is searched by more people, so that the data with high quality is more quoted, more rewards are obtained at the same time, and the data producer is encouraged to actively improve the data quality;
and fourthly, providing a dynamically adjusted data management module, and dynamically adjusting the use of each sub-module in the data management module according to the managed information of the data stored in the data use chain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of patient record joining blockchain;
FIG. 2 is a process diagram of patient master index generation;
FIG. 3 is a block storage of a data chain according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block store of a data usage chain according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a process for retrieving application data by a hospital user;
FIGS. 6(a) - (c) are the contents of three blocks stored in a data chain in an embodiment;
fig. 7(a) - (c) are the contents of three blocks stored in the data usage chain in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Among many schemes for data sharing at home and abroad, the blockchain technique is mentioned by more and more scholars. With the arrival of the blockchain technology in the 3.0 era, the application field is also expanded from the financial field to other fields requiring data security, data sharing and data value improvement, and the data sharing, the free selection of data, the data value embodiment and the data security form the core foundation of the blockchain data sharing application in the medical industry.
The core thought of the invention is as follows: the invention adopts a double-chain mechanism, one is a data chain and is mainly used for storing all data, and each time a patient visits, the data chain is stored as a block in the block chain; the other is a data use chain, the condition of block use in each data chain can be recorded in detail, the data use chain can be counted at regular intervals, all the data use conditions are counted, and corresponding data use rights and a data management module can be dynamically adjusted are distributed to all the data producers according to the data use conditions;
referring to fig. 1, a method for sharing physician data based on block chains includes the following steps:
step 1: taking the patient visit records of different doctors as a data block and uploading the data block to a data chain of the doctors;
step 2: the personal information of each patient in the data chain is subjected to Hash encryption, and a main index is formed, so that the same patient only has the unique main index;
when a patient goes to a doctor conjuncted unit for treatment, a new block is generated correspondingly for the treatment, as shown in figure 3, after the patient finishes the treatment, a doctor fills in treatment information of the patient, and then the patient information is uploaded to a data chain, sensitive information such as the name, the identity card number and the like of the patient is encrypted by using the HASH algorithm twice in the uploading process, and the HASH algorithm twice is used, so that the irreversible encryption process is ensured, namely the privacy information of the patient cannot be restored; secondly, the encryption algorithm is used for the same patient, and the obtained values are consistent, so that all the treatment records of the patient in the hospital can be associated through the unique hash encryption value, and data desensitization is finished;
the encryption algorithm firstly carries out SHA-256 algorithm calculation on the combination of personal information such as patient names, identification numbers, military officer certificates and the like in original data to obtain a 256-bit hash value, then combines the original data with the hash value which is just obtained, and then calls the SHA-256 algorithm for calculation once to form a final unique main index; because the hash algorithm is a common one-way encryption algorithm, a string of data is encrypted to generate a string of binary character strings with fixed length, the string of binary character strings is a hash value, but the hash value can not be restored into the original input data, therefore, the same main index can obtain the same hash value, and the data desensitization is ensured;
as shown in fig. 2, the patient's surname "liu wu" and the identification number "510131196102011101" are combined first, and then calculated by the above method, and finally an irreversible hash value is obtained as the main index.
And step 3: processing all uploaded data on the data chain by adopting a data management module;
the encrypted data needs to be subjected to data management work in the process of adding the encrypted data into a block chain, and a large number of data management strategies are provided in a modularized mode according to different informatization degrees of different hospital units; when the data are uploaded, the data are managed through the data management module, the quality of the uploaded data can be guaranteed, and the stability and the high efficiency of the scientific research process aiming at the integrated medical data are guaranteed.
And 4, step 4: when a user in the hospital body retrieves data in the data chain and applies for the data, the using condition of the retrieved data is counted, corresponding data free using rights are distributed to a data producer, and the using condition of the data is stored in the data using chain;
aiming at the current medical history in the medical history of the same gastritis patient, some doctors can record the general conditions of the patient from the onset of the disease in detail, such as' the patient has no rash, canker sore and Raynaud phenomenon, the mental state is good, no nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, the diet and the sleep are not good enough, and the patient has normal stool and urine. No significant weight loss, while other clinicians may only write "patients do not have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, poor diet and sleep, and normal stool and urine". Both recording methods are correct, and when the scientific research requirement is to query "gastritis patients without significant weight loss", the first detailed high quality case history is retrieved, while the second is not. Data quality of the same type of diagnosis is obtained through the frequency of data retrieval, more data are retrieved, and the data quality is used as an index for distributing data gratuitous use rights to data producers, namely, more doctors of a hospital body with high-quality data can obtain more data gratuitous use rights; for example, in all medical records of patients with gastritis, the data provider with the searched use frequency of the first 20% can use 100% of data without compensation, the ranking is reduced by 10%, the data with the free use is reduced by 10%, if more free use authority is required, data with higher quality needs to be provided, and more people need to search, so that the aim of quantitatively stimulating doctors and providing high-quality data is achieved. The data is uploaded to the data chain, and can be retrieved by all physicians in the physician group, as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the application process of the physician group data includes:
1. when a block in the data chain is retrieved and used once, a new block is correspondingly added to the data use chain, and the ID of the block on the used data chain, the data generator and the data user are recorded, specifically, the contents of the block stored in the data use chain are shown in fig. 4;
2. and determining to distribute corresponding data gratuitous use right for each data producer according to the times of data retrieval generated by the data producers.
And 5: setting a period, counting the data use chain in the period, counting the use conditions of all data, and dynamically adjusting the data use right and the data management module of a data producer;
in the initial stage, all the data governance modules are used, in the using process, as described in step 4, the using condition of each block and the using condition of each sub-module in the data governance modules are recorded in a data using chain, the data using chain is counted in a set period (for example, a period of 3 months), the data using authority of a data producer (a doctor in the hospital) is adjusted by counting the number of times of data retrieval and use, and the unused modules are dynamically adjusted to be unused by counting the using conditions of the sub-modules in the data governance modules; for example, the system of the hospital body has data integrity check, the system must fill in basic information, diagnosis and other information, and all data guarantee the integrity, namely, the integrity module is never triggered, and after a period, the uploaded data can be checked without selecting data integrity.
Further, the data governance module comprises: the system comprises a data integrity checking submodule, a data relevance checking submodule, a data consistency checking submodule, a natural semantic processing submodule and a term processing submodule;
the data integrity checking module is used for checking the integrity of the uploaded data, checking whether the data contains the non-uploaded optional information, such as sex, diagnosis and the like, if the information is not filled, marking the data and returning the data to the hospital unit, and uploading and sharing the data again after the hospital unit completes the data, so that most of the information is ensured to be complete;
the data relevance checking module is used for checking the relevant data information to confirm whether the association relationship is correct or not, a certain patient has the information of treatment, but does not have registration information, and the incomplete uploading of the information of the patient can be judged through the association relationship between treatment and registration, namely the patient must have the registration information before having the information of treatment. The module judges the accuracy of the data through a large number of incidence relations, so that the quality of the data is ensured;
the system firstly inquires the information of the patient in the system through the main index of the patient and compares the information with the uploaded information through the information in the system, for example, the uploading of the information of one patient of the patient is age 35, and the uploading of the information of the patient is age 31 when the patient is called in the last year through the main index of the patient, so that the age field of the patient is marked to prompt that the field is possibly wrong;
the natural semantic processing module is used for performing structured processing on the uploaded unstructured data and converting the unstructured data into structured data, such as clinic diagnosis information, chief complaint information and the like, wherein the clinic diagnosis information is generally manually filled by doctors, so that the same diagnosis writing name is more, such as lung cancer and lung malignant tumor filled by the doctors, which refer to the same disease, and all diagnoses with the same meaning can be given by standard names through the natural semantic processing module, so that scientific research personnel can conveniently use the diagnosis writing name;
the term processing module can be used for standardizing terms of all the conjunctive units, such as medicine names or inspection, the names of all the conjunctive units are inconsistent, so that clinical scientific research personnel cannot effectively utilize data of other conjunctive units, and data cannot be shared.
Step 6: different hospital units apply for various data of patients seeing a doctor in each hospital through the unique main index of the patients according to requirements, and therefore data sharing is carried out.
Example (b):
1. carrying out the process
When the first patient goes to the hospital unit for medical treatment, a block is added and the information of medical treatment is uploaded to the first block in the data chain, as shown in fig. 6 (a). When the second patient goes to the hospital unit for medical treatment, a new block is added and the information of medical treatment is uploaded to the second block in the data chain, as shown in fig. 6 (b). When the second patient goes to the hospital again, since the same patient has the same patient HASH value, that is, the second and third blocks are the same patient HASH value, when the third block is added, the nearest block with the same patient HASH value is queried and added to the ID of the last visit block, so that all the visit information of the patient can be associated together, and the content of the third block is as shown in fig. 6 (c).
When the patient visit record is stored in the data chain, the HASH value of the block is incorrect when the patient information in any one block is modified, so that the safety of the patient data is ensured.
When a doctor in the doctor body applies for data, that is, a block in the data chain is applied for use, a new block is automatically added in the data use chain to record the use condition of the block in the data chain, as shown in fig. 7(a) - (c), which respectively show that when the doctor applies for three data, the contents of the three blocks in the data use chain are recorded, and it can be seen from this that, the ID of the used block, the producer of the block, the user of the block, and the like are stored in the block of the data use chain.
Therefore, the data usage chain ensures that each block in the data chain is recorded after being used, and cannot be modified, for example, the HASH value of the block is reported in error if the data producer ID of the third block is modified.
Finally, the data used amount of the data producer in the data use chain (the block number in the data use chain corresponding to each block producer) is ranked by counting, and the corresponding data gratuitous use right is rewarded.
Conclusion of the experiment
The invention adopts the double-chain block chain to provide a paid reward mechanism (data unpaid use right), encourages a data producer (doctor) to actively improve the data quality and forms an offline data perfection mechanism; and then, the data uploaded to the data chain is processed by the data management module to form a high-quality data alliance, and all nodes added into the block chain system can automatically and safely exchange data in a trusted environment to form efficient data sharing.
Meanwhile, data desensitization is completed by encrypting HASH of patient information and forming a unique main index, data fusion after desensitization is performed on data of different hospital bodies added into a block chain, and block chain application of data of different hospital bodies in whole health management is completed.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. The block chain-based method for sharing the hospital data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: recording the visit of patients of different doctors every time, and storing the record as a data block in a data chain of the doctors;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of carrying out Hash encryption on personal information of a patient and forming a main index to ensure that the same patient only has a unique main index;
and step 3: processing all uploaded data on the data chain by adopting a data management module;
and 4, step 4: when a user in the hospital body retrieves data in the data chain and applies for the data, the using condition of the retrieved data is counted, corresponding data free using rights are distributed to a data producer, and the using condition of the data is stored in the data using chain;
and 5: setting a period, counting the data use chain in the period, counting the use conditions of all data, and dynamically adjusting the data use right and the data management module of a data producer;
step 6: different hospital units use various data of patients seeing a doctor in each hospital on the data chain through the unique main index value of the patient according to requirements, and therefore data sharing is conducted.
2. The method for sharing blockchain-based hospital data according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation steps of step 2 are as follows:
step 21: basic personal information of a patient is encrypted by SHA-256 to obtain a first hash value;
step 22: and carrying out SHA-256 encryption on the basic personal information of the patient and the obtained first hash value to obtain a final unique primary index of the patient.
3. The method for sharing blockchain-based hospital data according to claim 1, wherein the data management module in step 3 comprises: the system comprises a data integrity checking submodule, a data relevance checking submodule, a data consistency checking submodule, a natural semantic processing submodule and a term processing submodule;
the data integrity checking submodule is used for checking the integrity of the uploaded data, checking whether the data contains the necessary information which is not uploaded, marking the data and returning the data to the doctor unit if the data contains the necessary information which is not uploaded, and checking the data after the data is complete;
the data relevance checking submodule is used for checking the relevant data information and confirming whether the relevance relation is correct or not so as to ensure the data quality;
the data consistency checking submodule is used for checking the consistency condition of the uploaded data and judging the accuracy of the uploaded data;
the natural semantic processing submodule is used for carrying out structuralization processing on the uploaded unstructured data and converting the unstructured data into structured data;
and the term processing submodule is used for standardizing terms of each doctor unit and ensuring data universality.
4. The method for sharing blockchain-based hospital data according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation steps of step 4 are as follows:
step 41: when the block in the data chain is searched and used once, correspondingly adding a new block on the data use chain, and recording the ID of the block on the used data chain, a data generator and a data user;
step 42: and distributing corresponding data gratuitous use rights for all data producers.
5. The method for sharing blockchain-based hospital data according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation steps of step 5 are as follows:
step 51: counting the use condition of data chain blocks recorded on a data use chain in a period, and distributing data gratuitous use right or data gratuitous use right for a data generator according to the use frequency of the blocks;
step 52: in the period, statistical data uses data management module information called when the data chain blocks recorded on the chain are stored, and unused sub-modules are dynamically adjusted to be unused.
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