CN112442387B - Method for improving yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil - Google Patents
Method for improving yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112442387B CN112442387B CN202011202201.1A CN202011202201A CN112442387B CN 112442387 B CN112442387 B CN 112442387B CN 202011202201 A CN202011202201 A CN 202011202201A CN 112442387 B CN112442387 B CN 112442387B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil. The method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) adding a certain amount of compound catalyst (alkaline ionic liquid, polysiloxane-15 and molecular sieve) into palm oil, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the components; (2) adding methanol into the mixture obtained in the step (1) according to the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol of 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at a certain temperature; (3) and (3) centrifugally separating the product obtained in the step (2), taking the upper-layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel. The invention adopts the novel compound catalyst, improves the yield of the biodiesel and is beneficial to increasing the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biodiesel, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil.
Background
With the exhaustion of traditional fossil resources such as petroleum, people begin to seek new 'green energy' to meet the development requirements of the economic society. Biodiesel has the advantages of being renewable, good in environmental protection, low in price and the like, and is widely researched and developed at present. Vegetable oil, animal oil, waste oil and the like can be used as raw materials for producing biodiesel, wherein palm oil is used as the second most abundant vegetable oil in the world, and an important source is provided for the preparation of the biodiesel.
Palm oil is mainly used for preparing biodiesel through ester exchange reaction, namely, palm oil and methanol are reacted under the action of a catalyst to prepare fatty acid methyl ester. At present, the catalyst includes basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium methoxide, and acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid. However, the yield of the biodiesel prepared by using the catalyst is low, and the economic benefit is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil comprises the following specific steps:
step (1), adding a compound catalyst into palm oil, heating the system to 50-90 ℃, and then stirring to fully mix the mixture;
the compound catalyst comprises basic ionic liquid, polysiloxane-15 and a molecular sieve, wherein the basic ionic liquid, the polysiloxane-15 and the molecular sieve are mixed according to a mass ratio of (15-8: 5-2): 1, the alkaline ionic liquid is one or a mixture of more than one of [ Bmim ] Cl, [ DMPy ] OH or [ Mmim ] DMP, the molecular sieve is one or a mixture of more than one of ZSM-5, MCM-22 or SAPO-34,
the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 2-120: 1;
adding methanol into the mixture obtained in the step (1) to enable the mass ratio of palm oil to methanol to be 1-10: 1, and continuously stirring to react for 1-5 hours at a certain temperature;
and (3) centrifugally separating the product obtained in the step (2), taking the upper layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
Preferably, the basic ionic liquid of the compound catalyst in the step (1) is one or a mixture of [ Bmim ] Cl, [ DMPy ] OH or [ Mmim ] DMP; the molecular sieve is one or a mixture of ZSM-5, MCM-22 or SAPO-34.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst in the step (1) is 5-100: 1, and the mass ratio of the basic ionic liquid, the polysiloxane-15 and the molecular sieve is 10: 3: 1.
preferably, the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 60-110 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel compound catalyst, and the method can obviously improve the yield of the biodiesel and is beneficial to increasing the economic benefit. Moreover, the catalytic effect of the novel compound catalyst is far superior to that of the existing alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide and the like and acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in the acid value of the starting material after the step (1) in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in more detail, wherein preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art could modify the invention herein described while still achieving the beneficial results of the present invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention. The technical solution of the present invention is further defined in the following embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a compound catalyst ([ Bmim ] Cl, polysiloxane-15 and ZSM-5 in a mass ratio of 10: 3: 1) into palm oil, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 5:1, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the palm oil and the compound catalyst;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 60 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper-layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The yield of biodiesel was 98.8% as determined by gas chromatography analysis of the above product. As can be seen from Table 1, the biodiesel prepared above meets the national quality standards.
TABLE 1 comparison of the product of example 1 with the national standards
| Properties of | Biodiesel fuel | National standard |
| Density (20 ℃ C.)/(kg/m) 3 ） | 843 | 820-900 |
| Kinematic viscosity (40 ℃ C.)/(mm) 2 /s） | 2.45 | 1.9-6.0 |
| Acid value (KOH)/(mg/g) | 0.02 | <0.8 |
| Flash Point (. degree.C.) | 162 | >130 |
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the acid value of the raw material treated in step (1) in example 1 is significantly reduced, which shows that the yield-increasing method of the present invention can improve the yield of biodiesel by reducing the acid value to reduce the saponification reaction and further promote the transesterification reaction.
Example 2
A method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of compound catalyst ([ DMPy ] OH, polysiloxane-15 and MCM-22 in a mass ratio of 9: 2: 1) into palm oil, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the system, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 20: 1;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 80 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The yield of biodiesel was 98.7% as determined by gas chromatography analysis of the above product. As can be seen from Table 2, the biodiesel prepared above meets the national quality standards.
TABLE 2 comparison of the product of example 2 with the national standards
| Properties of | Biodiesel fuel | National standard |
| Density (20 ℃ C.)/(kg/m) 3 ） | 856 | 820-900 |
| Kinematic viscosity (40 ℃)/(mm) 2 /s） | 2.95 | 1.9-6.0 |
| Acid value (KOH)/(mg/g) | 0.04 | <0.8 |
| Flash Point (. degree.C.) | 155 | >130 |
Example 3
A method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of compound catalyst ([ Mmim ] DMP, polysiloxane-15 and SAPO-34 in a mass ratio of 15: 5: 1) into palm oil, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 100:1, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the palm oil and the compound catalyst;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 110 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper-layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The yield of biodiesel was 99.1% as a result of analysis of the above product by gas chromatography. As can be seen from Table 3, the biodiesel prepared above meets the national quality standards.
TABLE 3 comparison of the product of example 3 with the national standards
| Properties of | Biodiesel fuel | National standard |
| Density (20 ℃ C.)/(kg/m) 3 ） | 832 | 820-900 |
| Kinematic viscosity (40 ℃ C.)/(mm) 2 /s） | 3.43 | 1.9-6.0 |
| Acid value (KOH)/(mg/g) | 0.03 | <0.8 |
| Flash Point (. degree. C.) | 173 | >130 |
Example 4
A method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of compound catalyst ([ Mmim ] DMP, [ Bmim ] Cl, polysiloxane-15 and MCM-22 in a mass ratio of 4:4: 3: 1) into palm oil, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 90:1, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the system;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 100 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The yield of biodiesel was 99.3% as a result of analysis of the above product by gas chromatography. As can be seen from Table 4, the biodiesel prepared above meets the national quality standards.
TABLE 4 comparison of the product of example 4 with the national standards
| Properties of | Biodiesel oil | National standard |
| Density (20 ℃ C.)/(kg/m) 3 ） | 871 | 820-900 |
| Kinematic viscosity (40 ℃ C.)/(mm) 2 /s） | 4.89 | 1.9-6.0 |
| Acid value (KOH)/(mg/g) | 0.02 | <0.8 |
| Flash Point (. degree.C.) | 168 | >130 |
Example 5
A method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of compound catalyst ([ Mmim ] DMP, [ Bmim ] Cl, [ DMPy ] OH polysiloxane-15 and MCM-22 in a mass ratio of 3:5:2: 3: 1) into palm oil, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 100:1, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the palm oil and the compound catalyst;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 80 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The yield of biodiesel was 99.6% as a result of analysis of the above product by gas chromatography. As can be seen from Table 5, the biodiesel prepared above meets the national quality standards.
TABLE 5 comparison of the product of example 5 with the national standards
| Properties of | Biodiesel oil | National standard |
| Density (20 ℃ C.)/(kg/m) 3 ） | 833 | 820-900 |
| Kinematic viscosity (40 ℃ C.)/(mm) 2 /s） | 3.57 | 1.9-6.0 |
| Acid value (KOH)/(mg/g) | 0.09 | <0.8 |
| Flash Point (. degree.C.) | 181 | >130 |
Comparative example 1 alkaline catalyst of sodium hydroxide type
The method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil by using the sodium hydroxide catalyst comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of sodium hydroxide into palm oil, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the sodium hydroxide is 100:1, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the mixture;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 80 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper-layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The yield of biodiesel was 92.1% as determined by gas chromatography analysis of the above product.
Comparative example 2 sodium methoxide type basic catalyst
The method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil by using a sodium methoxide catalyst comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of sodium methoxide into palm oil, wherein the mass ratio of the palm oil to the sodium methoxide is 100:1, heating the system to 70 ℃, and stirring to fully mix the mixture;
(2) adding methanol into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the oleyl alcohol to the oleyl alcohol is 6:1, continuously stirring, and reacting for 2 hours at 80 ℃;
(3) and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained product, taking the upper-layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
The product was analyzed by gas chromatography and the yield of biodiesel was 93.7%.
The above examples and comparative examples show that the compound catalyst composed of the alkaline ionic liquid, polysiloxane-15 and the molecular sieve can improve the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil, and the biodiesel can be completely prepared by approaching 100%. The compound catalyst can decompose free fatty acid to reduce the acid value of biodiesel (figure 1) and reduce saponification reaction, and moreover, the basic ionic liquid and the molecular sieve in the compound catalyst component form an immobilized composite catalyst, the ionic liquid can be fully attached due to the rich pore structure of the molecular sieve, and the acidic catalytic center of the molecular sieve and the cation of the basic ionic liquid have a synergistic catalytic effect, so that the ionic liquid provides a homogeneous catalytic effect, and the ester exchange reaction can be accelerated and promoted. Compared with the existing basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide and the like and the acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid and the like in the comparative example, the method can obviously improve the yield of the biodiesel.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and equivalent modifications within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step (1), adding a compound catalyst into palm oil, heating the system to 50-90 ℃, and then stirring to fully mix the mixture;
the compound catalyst consists of alkaline ionic liquid, polysiloxane-15 and a molecular sieve, wherein the ratio of the alkaline ionic liquid to the polysiloxane-15 to the molecular sieve is (15-8: 5-2): 1, the alkaline ionic liquid is one or a mixture of more than one of [ Bmim ] Cl, [ DMPy ] OH or [ Mmim ] DMP, the molecular sieve is one or a mixture of more than one of ZSM-5, MCM-22 or SAPO-34,
the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 2-120: 1;
step (2) adding methanol into the mixture obtained in the step (1) to enable the mass ratio of the palm oil to the methanol to be 1-10: 1, and then continuously stirring to react for 1-5 hours at a certain temperature;
and (3) centrifugally separating the product obtained in the step (2), taking the upper layer liquid, and drying to remove methanol to obtain the biodiesel.
2. The method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil according to claim 1, wherein the stirring temperature in the step (1) is 70 ℃, and the temperature in the step (2) is 60-110 ℃.
3. The method for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the basic ionic liquid, polysiloxane-15 and molecular sieve is 10: 3: 1, the mass ratio of the palm oil to the compound catalyst is 5-100: 1.
4. The compound catalyst for improving the yield of biodiesel prepared from palm oil is characterized by comprising basic ionic liquid, polysiloxane-15 and a molecular sieve, wherein the basic ionic liquid, the polysiloxane-15 and the molecular sieve are mixed according to a mass ratio of (15-8: 5-2): 1, the alkaline ionic liquid is one or a mixture of more of [ Bmim ] Cl, [ DMPy ] OH and [ Mmim ] DMP, and the molecular sieve is one or a mixture of more of ZSM-5, MCM-22 or SAPO-34.
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