CN112434403A - Arrangement optimization and threshold selection method for nuclear critical accident alarm system - Google Patents
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for optimizing the arrangement of a nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting a threshold value. The method adopts a three-dimensional dose field analysis means, accurately considers the attenuation of a dose field along with the distance and the shielding of adjacent equipment, optimizes and selects a proper nuclear critical accident alarm system arrangement point position and a reasonable alarm threshold value from a plurality of dose field distribution diagrams by comprehensively analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by a minimum critical accident source item and a normal operation source item and adopting a method of a minimum critical accident dose field distribution minimum value contour diagram of each equipment, so as to ensure that each equipment with critical accident risk can be covered by the nuclear critical accident alarm system arrangement point position and the alarm threshold value can be further selected for the type of a probe. The method realizes the comprehensive consideration of factors such as geometric arrangement, accident point positions, normal operation dosage and the like in the arrangement optimization and threshold selection of the nuclear critical accident alarm system, and is an advanced arrangement optimization and threshold selection method of the nuclear critical accident alarm system with engineering feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear critical safety analysis technology of a fissile material outside a reactor, in particular to a method for optimizing the arrangement of a nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting a threshold value.
Background
The nuclear critical accident alarm system is used for detecting a nuclear critical accident in time and triggering alarm to prompt people to evacuate and prevent the nuclear critical accident from being irradiated by radiation behind a first peak; meanwhile, after alarming, facility staff determine and relieve the nuclear critical accident according to the accident emergency response rule, and the consequence of the nuclear critical accident is reduced to the maximum extent. Since the radiation exposure after the first peak is still large, the rapid evacuation response triggered by the nuclear critical accident warning system plays an important role in reducing the irradiation dose of the operator.
The nuclear critical accident is taken as a design reference accident in the design of the spent fuel post-processing factory of China, and a nuclear critical accident alarm system is reasonably arranged in the spent fuel post-processing factory, is an important component of deep defense, is an important safety requirement of national standards of China, and is also a safety function which is focused by the regulatory authorities.
The design of a nuclear-critical accident warning system should minimize the occurrence of false alarms, so the warning threshold should be high enough to ensure that the smallest critical accident of interest is detected instantaneously. According to GB15146.9 performance and inspection requirements of a nuclear critical safety nuclear critical accident detection and alarm system for fissile materials outside a reactor, the minimum critical accident refers to: under unshielded conditions, the total absorbed dose of prompt neutrons and prompt photon radiation induced in free air at 2m from the reaction mass within 60s was 0.2 Gy.
In the design of an after-treatment intermediate test factory established in China, the defects of limitation of calculation means and design experience are limited, the simplification processing of single equipment and one-dimensional calculation is adopted, the shielding effect of other equipment and structural materials on neutrons or photons generated by a critical accident is not considered, the alarm threshold value set by a critical accident alarm system is possibly higher, and the minimum critical accident of some parts can not be detected. Because the three-dimensional dose field is not analyzed, the arrangement position of the critical accident alarm system cannot be optimized and analyzed, and the critical accident alarm system cannot be carefully compared with the dose field when a factory building normally runs, and most of the critical accident alarm systems arranged in the post-processing intermediate test factory conservatively select expensive neutron probes. In addition, part of the critical accident alarm systems are arranged at unreasonable positions, such as the interior of a hot room, and the like, so that the critical accident alarm systems are inconvenient to overhaul and calibrate in practical application.
The method for the arrangement design of the critical accident alarm system is the key for ensuring the nuclear critical accident alarm system to detect critical accidents in time and trigger the alarm function, the nuclear critical accident alarm system is optimally arranged at a proper position through reasonable arrangement design, and a reasonable alarm threshold value is set, so that the detection alarm function of the critical accident alarm system is more accurate and reliable, the engineering investment can be saved and the economical efficiency can be improved through the optimal arrangement position and the type selection of the probes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the arrangement of a nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting a threshold value, which has engineering feasibility, solves the difficulty of optimizing and analyzing the arrangement of the critical accident alarm system and the type of a probe, and meets the requirements of national standards and the requirement of the regulatory authorities on the full demonstration of the coverage of the critical accident alarm system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for optimizing the arrangement of a nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting a threshold value comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a layout analysis model of a nuclear critical accident alarm system;
(2) carrying out three-dimensional dose field distribution analysis aiming at the established model;
(3) and optimally selecting proper critical accident alarm system arrangement point positions from a plurality of dose field distribution diagrams by adopting a contour map method, and determining proper alarm threshold values to ensure that each device with critical accident risk can be covered.
Further, according to the arrangement optimization and threshold selection method for the nuclear critical accident alarm system, the arrangement analysis model in the step (1) comprises various devices, materials, structural materials, walls and the like of the equipment room; gaps outside of the equipment or construction materials are considered as normal air.
Further, the method for optimizing the arrangement of the nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting the threshold value includes the step (2) of analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item and the step (2) of analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item.
When three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item is analyzed, the neutron and photon source items under the minimum critical accident of each device need to be respectively arranged, and transport calculation is respectively carried out; when the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item of certain equipment is analyzed, the fissile material and the wall material in the equipment are set to be vacuum, the minimum critical accident source item is set on a thin layer on the surface of the equipment, and other equipment or structural materials are simulated according to normal operation conditions.
When the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item is analyzed, the neutron or photon radioactivity of all the devices is simultaneously arranged at the positions of the devices and is distributed in the radioactive material according to uniform distribution.
Further, according to the arrangement optimization and threshold selection method for the nuclear critical accident alarm system, the three-dimensional dose field distribution analysis in the step (2) covers all regions of the possible arrangement positions of the nuclear critical accident alarm system, and neutron and photon dose field rates are respectively counted by adopting a grid counting method, wherein the photon dose distribution is considered as the sum of photon dose directly generated by photon radioactivity and secondary photon dose generated by the neutron radioactivity.
Further, as described above, the method for optimizing the arrangement of the nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting the threshold value, the method for the contour map in step (3) is to adopt the minimum value of the minimum critical accident dose field distribution of each device to form the contour map of the minimum value of the dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident of each device on the plane of the possible nuclear critical accident alarm system, select the probe arrangement point position on the contour map to enable the critical accident alarm system to cover each device which is likely to have a critical accident, and select the appropriate type of probe to enable the alarm threshold value of the nuclear critical accident alarm system to be far higher than the dose rate in normal operation according to the comparison with the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item to avoid false alarm.
Further, the contour map is generated specifically by: for any given plane where a nuclear-critical accident alarm system can be arranged, for each grid unit on the plane, the dose rate generated by the minimum critical accident source item of each device in the grid unit is read, and the minimum value of each dose rate is selected as the dose rate value of the grid unit, so that a contour map with a visual expression form (for example, the size of the dose rate is expressed by color) is formed on the whole grid plane.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the arrangement optimization and threshold selection method of the nuclear critical accident alarm system provided by the invention meets the requirement of fully demonstrating the coverage of the critical accident alarm system in GB15146.9 performance and inspection requirements of nuclear critical safety nuclear critical accident detection and alarm system of fissile materials outside a reactor, adopts a three-dimensional dose field analysis means, fully considers the point position possibly occurring in the critical accident and the shielding and reflection of adjacent equipment and structural materials, and improves the analysis precision and reliability. Meanwhile, the operability of engineering application is considered, a contour map analysis method is adopted, a proper critical accident alarm system arrangement point position and a reasonable alarm threshold value are optimally selected from a numerous-dose field distribution diagram, so that each device with critical accident risk can be covered by the critical accident alarm system arrangement point position and the alarm threshold value can be reasonably selected, the type of the probe can be further selected, and the problem of difficulty in optimal analysis of the critical accident alarm system arrangement and the probe type is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of optimizing the arrangement of the nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting the threshold value.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary graph of neutron dose rate distribution outside a wall for minimum critical accidents of different devices.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of the distribution of neutron dose rate contours in a minimum critical accident in a certain equipment room.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary illustration of a neutron dose rate contour line distribution during normal operation of a certain equipment room.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a method for optimizing arrangement and selecting a threshold value of a nuclear critical accident alarm system, which comprises the calculation processes of establishing an arrangement analysis model of the nuclear critical accident alarm system, analyzing distribution of a three-dimensional dose field, optimizing the arrangement, selecting the threshold value and the like. Fig. 1 shows a process of optimizing the arrangement of the nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting a threshold value.
The arrangement analysis model of the nuclear critical accident alarm system can be established by adopting a known three-dimensional Monte Carlo program, and when the arrangement analysis model of the nuclear critical accident alarm system is established, a three-dimensional model of a facility or an equipment room, particularly other equipment or structural materials between a critical accident source item and a possible arrangement area of the nuclear critical accident alarm system, is established as detailed as possible. Gaps outside of the equipment or construction materials are considered as normal air.
When the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item is analyzed, the fissile material and the wall material in the equipment are set to be vacuum, and other equipment or structural materials are simulated according to the normal operation working condition. Then, the minimum critical accident source item is arranged on a thin layer on the surface of the equipment. This arrangement is adopted because the previously obtained minimum critical fault source item takes into account the transportation process of the fission-generated transient source item in the device and is a source item leaked out of the device. The neutron and photon source items under the minimum critical accident of each device need to be respectively set, and transport calculation is respectively carried out.
When the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item is analyzed, the neutron or photon radioactivity of all the devices is simultaneously arranged at the positions of the devices and is distributed in the radioactive material according to uniform distribution.
When three-dimensional dose field distribution analysis is carried out, grid counting is adopted to count the dose rate distribution in a possible distribution area of the nuclear critical accident alarm system, wherein the photon dose distribution is considered to be the sum of photon dose directly generated by photon radioactivity and secondary photon dose generated by neutron radioactivity. The grid counting is independent of the established real geometric model, the whole model space or part of the model space is divided into virtual grids, and the virtual grids are subjected to the statistical counting of dose rate distribution.
Fig. 2 shows a neutron dose rate distribution graph generated outside a wall by the minimum critical accidents of different devices, and it can be seen from the results in the graph that the neutron dose rate attenuates rapidly with distance, and the adjacent devices shield the devices having the minimum critical accidents seriously, and the severity is closely related to the device volume and the material liquid type, so that the nuclear critical accident alarm system can be ensured to cover each device which may have the minimum critical accidents only by establishing a three-dimensional model of a device room and analyzing the dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accidents in detail. Photon dose rate distribution is similar to neutron dose rate distribution, but there are significant differences in absolute dose rate values, attenuation levels with distance, equipment shielding severity, and the like.
After the three-dimensional dose field distribution under the minimum critical accident of each device and the three-dimensional dose field distribution under the normal operation of the device room are obtained, a proper arrangement position of the nuclear critical accident alarm system needs to be selected through some data processing, and an alarm threshold value is further determined. Considering that the three-dimensional dose field distribution of each device is different, the invention adopts a contour map method to select proper points from a plurality of dose field distributions. The contour map is specifically prepared by the following steps: for any given plane on which the nuclear-critical accident alarm system can be arranged, for each grid unit on the plane, the dose rate generated by the minimum critical accident source item of each device in the unit is read, and the minimum value of each dose rate is selected as the dose rate value of the grid unit in the contour map, so that the contour map of the minimum dose field distribution value generated by the minimum critical accident of each device on the plane on which the nuclear-critical accident alarm system can be arranged is formed.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a dose rate contour distribution diagram generated in an outer plane of a wall on one side where a nuclear-critical-accident-warning system is disposed, when a minimum critical accident occurs in each device, showing that the neutron dose rate contour distribution generated in the outer plane of the wall on the one side where the nuclear-critical-accident-warning system is disposed, and the neutron dose rate can be greater than 7mGy/h in the ranges of 7.2m to 12.2m of a transverse coordinate and 4.0m to 7.0m of a longitudinal coordinate, and the neutron probes of the nuclear-critical-accident-warning system are disposed in the ranges, so that the minimum critical-accident-detection capability can cover the whole device room and each device has an imminent critical accidentEquipment for boundary accident risk. Considering the uncertainty (30%) of a calculation model and a Monte Carlo method, the alarm threshold of a primarily recommended nuclear critical accident alarm system is set to be 4.9mGy/h, and the threshold is far larger (more than 2 times) than the maximum neutron dose rate (2.5 multiplied by 10) generated at the position under the normal operation of all equipment in the equipment room- 4mGy/h (see fig. 4), the possibility of false alarm can be excluded.
The detector in the nuclear critical accident alarm system is preferably sensitive to neutron and photon radiation, and research work in this respect is carried out abroad, but at present, most nuclear critical accident alarm systems only respond to one of neutron and photon, and the detection of photon radiation is the simplest and easiest to implement and is widely adopted by various countries.
The installation quantity, the price, the reliability, the application wide degree and the like of the neutron probes and the photon probes are comprehensively considered, the nuclear critical accident alarm system adopting the photon probes is generally recommended, and the performance indexes of the nuclear critical accident alarm system need to meet the requirements of GB on the aspects of probe reliability, response speed, interference elimination capability, normal working condition with high irradiation level and the like. In a few installation areas where photon dosage is high and false alarm is difficult to eliminate under normal operation, a nuclear critical accident alarm system of a neutron probe is considered and selected.
The arrangement optimization and threshold selection method of the nuclear critical accident alarm system provided by the invention meets the requirement of fully demonstrating the coverage of the critical accident alarm system in GB15146.9 performance and inspection requirements of nuclear critical safety nuclear critical accident detection and alarm system of fissile materials outside a reactor, adopts a three-dimensional dose field analysis means, fully considers the point position possibly occurring in the critical accident and the shielding and reflection of adjacent equipment and structural materials, and improves the analysis precision and reliability. Meanwhile, the operability of engineering application is considered, a contour map analysis method is adopted, a proper critical accident alarm system arrangement point position and a reasonable alarm threshold value are optimally selected from a numerous-dose field distribution diagram, so that each device with critical accident risk can be covered by the critical accident alarm system arrangement point position and the alarm threshold value can be reasonably selected, the type of the probe can be further selected, and the problem of difficulty in optimal analysis of the critical accident alarm system arrangement and the probe type is solved.
The preliminary application analysis result shows that the nuclear critical accident alarm systems of various sub-items of the spent fuel post-processing plant can be arranged on the outer side of the wall body of the equipment room, so that the overhaul and maintenance costs of the nuclear critical accident alarm systems can be greatly saved, a cheap and reliable photon detector can be adopted in most of the equipment rooms, the proportion of adopting the photon detector as the nuclear critical accident alarm system is estimated to reach more than 75%, and the labor investment can be greatly saved.
The invention innovatively uses an analysis method of a contour map to optimally select a proper arrangement point position of a critical accident alarm system and a reasonable alarm threshold value from a numerous dose field distribution map so as to ensure that the arrangement point position can cover each device with critical accident risk, and can further select the type of the probe, thereby solving the difficulty of optimal analysis of the arrangement of the critical accident alarm system and the type of the probe, and the technology has universality and can be subsequently applied to the critical safety design of facilities for operating outside various reactors and storing fissile materials, such as a large spent fuel post-treatment plant and the like.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the method according to the invention is not restricted to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the process being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for optimizing the arrangement of a nuclear critical accident alarm system and selecting a threshold value comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a layout analysis model of a nuclear critical accident alarm system;
(2) carrying out three-dimensional dose field distribution analysis aiming at the established model;
(3) and optimally selecting proper critical accident alarm system arrangement point positions from a plurality of dose field distribution diagrams by adopting a contour map method, and determining proper alarm threshold values to ensure that each device with critical accident risk can be covered.
2. The arrangement optimization and threshold selection method for the nuclear-critical accident alarm system according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement analysis model in the step (1) comprises various devices, materials, structural materials, walls and the like of an equipment room; gaps outside of the equipment or construction materials are considered as normal air.
3. The method for optimizing the layout and selecting the threshold of the nuclear critical accident alarming system of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional dose field distribution analysis in the step (2) covers all the areas of the possible layout positions of the nuclear critical accident alarming system, and the neutron and photon dose field rates are respectively counted by adopting a grid counting method, wherein the photon dose distribution is considered as the sum of the photon dose directly generated by the photon radioactivity and the secondary photon dose generated by the neutron radioactivity.
4. The method for optimizing the layout and selecting the threshold value of the nuclear critical accident warning system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the three-dimensional dose field distribution analysis in the step (2) comprises analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item and analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item.
5. The method for optimizing the layout and selecting the threshold of the nuclear critical accident alarm system of claim 4, wherein when analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item, the neutron and photon source items under the minimum critical accident of each equipment need to be respectively set and respectively carry out transportation calculation.
6. The method for optimizing the layout and selecting the threshold of the nuclear-critical accident warning system according to claim 5, wherein when the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the minimum critical accident source item of a certain device is analyzed, the fissile material and the wall material in the device are set to be vacuum, the minimum critical accident source item is set on a thin layer on the surface of the device, and other devices or structural materials are simulated according to normal operation conditions.
7. The method for optimizing the layout and selecting the threshold of the nuclear-critical accident warning system of claim 4, wherein when analyzing the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item, the neutron or photon radioactivity of all the devices is simultaneously set at the positions of the devices and is distributed in the radioactive material according to the uniform distribution.
8. The arrangement optimization and threshold selection method for the nuclear critical accident alarm system according to claim 1, wherein the contour map in the step (3) is a contour map in which the minimum value of the dose field distribution of the minimum critical accident of each device is adopted to form the minimum value of the dose field distribution of the minimum critical accident of each device on the plane of the possible nuclear critical accident alarm system, the arrangement points of probes are optimally selected on the contour map so that the critical accident alarm system can cover each device which is likely to have a critical accident, and simultaneously, according to the comparison with the three-dimensional dose field distribution generated by the normal operation source item, the probes of the proper type are selected so that the alarm threshold of the nuclear critical accident alarm system is far higher than the dose rate in the normal operation so as to avoid false alarm.
9. The method for optimizing the layout and selecting the threshold value of the nuclear critical accident alarm system of claim 8, wherein the contour map is generated by the following specific method: for any given plane which can be provided with a nuclear critical accident alarm system, for each grid unit on the plane, the dose rate generated by the minimum critical accident source item of each device in the grid unit is read, and the minimum value of each dose rate is selected as the dose rate value of the grid unit, so that a contour map with a visual expression form is formed on the whole grid plane.
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| CN114049977B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-02-20 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Remote control method and device for ventilation system for critical device |
| GB2619579A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-13 | China Nuclear Power Eng Co Ltd | Method of determining minimum criticality accident source term |
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