CN112433148B - Method for extracting action time of circuit breaker mechanism from vibration signal - Google Patents
Method for extracting action time of circuit breaker mechanism from vibration signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting action time of a breaker mechanism from a vibration signal, which is characterized in that the vibration signal in the closing process of a breaker is collected through an acceleration sensor, the vibration signal is divided into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by adopting a sliding windowing method, the Teager energy and the quadratic energy of each frame signal are respectively calculated, identification parameters are obtained according to the Teager energy and the quadratic energy, all the identification parameters are fitted into a curve graph, a preset threshold value is input into the curve graph, and the action time of the breaker mechanism can be obtained according to the intersection point of the threshold value and the curve graph.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment detection, in particular to a method for extracting action time of a breaker mechanism from a vibration signal.
Background
The circuit breaker is the basic unit in electric power system, it plays important protection and control action in electric power system, monitor the circuit breaker, have the significance to guaranteeing the power supply reliability, at present, not lack some circuit breaker state monitoring facilities on the market, they adopt the time test method to realize circuit breaker state monitoring usually, come measuring mechanism action time through signals such as monitoring moving contact stroke, divide-shut brake state, coil current, however, these monitoring facilities have some limitations when using: the coil current can only monitor faults occurring in the control circuit and the auxiliary circuit; contact stroke collection difficulty, in some types of circuit breakers, online collection can not be realized, and in addition, the problem that the existing monitoring equipment is high in testing cost and large in occupied space also exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the method for extracting the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal is low in cost, can quickly acquire the action time of the circuit breaker, monitors the use state of the circuit breaker, and ensures the power supply reliability.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of extracting circuit breaker mechanism actuation time from a vibration signal, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting a vibration signal in the closing process of the breaker;
step S2, dividing the vibration signal into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by adopting a sliding windowing method;
step S3, respectively calculating Teager energy and quadratic energy of each frame of signal;
step S4, dividing Teager energy of each frame of signal by the sum of quadratic energy and a constant a to obtain an identification parameter;
step S5, positioning action time from the identification parameters;
the specific steps of step S5 are: drawing an identification parameter graph according to the identification parameters, and inputting a preset threshold value into the identification parameter graph, wherein the action time is an intersection point of the threshold value and the identification parameter graph.
Preferably, the specific steps in step S1 are: the vibration signal of the breaker in the switching-on process is collected through an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is arranged on a cross beam shell of the breaker.
Preferably, the step S2 is implemented by dividing the vibration signal into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by using a sliding windowing method, according to the following formula:
yi(n)＝ω(n)*x((i-1)*inc+n)；
wherein y isi(n) is a plurality of overlapping frame signals, i 1,2n，fnFor the number of frames, x is the vibration signal, n is 1, 2., L is the frame signal length, inc is the sliding distance, ω (n) is the Hamming window function, and the expression is:
preferably, the Teager energy in step S3 is obtained by a Teager energy operator, and the output of the Teager energy operator is as follows:
ψt[x(n)]＝x2(n)-x(n-1)x(n+1)；
wherein psit[x(1)]＝x(1)2，ψt[x(L)]＝x(L)2；
The quadratic energy is obtained through a quadratic energy operator, and the output of the quadratic energy operator is as follows:
ψs[x(n)]＝x2(n)；
for each frame of signal, its Teager energy EtAnd quadratic energy EsThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
preferably, the expression of the identification parameter in step S4 is:
where a is a constant.
Preferably, the specific step of step S5 is to draw an identification parameter map according to the identification parameters of all the frame signals, input a preset threshold value into the identification parameter map, and obtain an intersection of the threshold value and the identification parameter map as the action time.
Preferably, the expression of the threshold value T in step S5 is:
T＝b×mean(P)；
where b is an empirical parameter and mean (P) is the averaging of the identification parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for extracting action time of a circuit breaker mechanism from vibration signals, which comprises the steps of collecting the vibration signals of a circuit breaker, carrying out sliding windowing on the vibration signals, decomposing the vibration signals into a plurality of frame signals, calculating Teager energy and quadratic energy of all the frame signals, obtaining identification parameters according to the identification parameters, and finally obtaining the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism according to the identification parameters. .
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of extracting circuit breaker mechanism actuation time from a vibration signal in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a summary of the time of actuation of the circuit breaker mechanism;
FIG. 3 is the Teager energy and the quadratic energy of the frame signal of one embodiment of the method of the present invention for extracting the time of actuation of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating identification parameters of a frame signal for one embodiment of a method of extracting circuit breaker mechanism actuation time from a vibration signal in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the positioning result of the mechanism action time of one embodiment of the method for extracting the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a relative error analysis result of an embodiment of the method for extracting the action time of the breaker mechanism from the vibration signal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, a specific embodiment is provided below, and the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for extracting an actuation time of a circuit breaker mechanism from a vibration signal, including the following steps:
s1, collecting a vibration signal in the closing process of the breaker;
the vibration signal of the breaker in the switching-on process is collected through an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is arranged on a cross beam shell of the breaker.
Step S2, dividing the vibration signal into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by adopting a sliding windowing method;
the step S2 is to divide the vibration signal into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by using a sliding windowing method, and is implemented by the following formula:
yi(n)＝ω(n)*x((i-1)*inc+n)；
wherein y isi(n) is a plurality of overlapping frame signals, i 1,2n，fnFor the number of frames, x is the vibration signal, n is 1, 2., L is the frame signal length, inc is the sliding distance, ω (n) is the Hamming window function, and the expression is:
step S3, respectively calculating Teager energy and quadratic energy of each frame of signal;
the Teager energy in the step S3 is obtained through a Teager energy operator, and the output of the Teager energy operator is as follows:
ψt[x(n)]＝x2(n)-x(n-1)x(n+1)；
wherein psit[x(1)]＝x(1)2，ψt[x(L)]＝x(L)2；
The quadratic energy is obtained through a quadratic energy operator, and the output of the quadratic energy operator is as follows:
ψs[x(n)]＝x2(n)；
for each frame of signal, its Teager energy EtAnd quadratic energy EsThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
step S4, dividing Teager energy of each frame of signal by the sum of quadratic energy and a constant a to obtain an identification parameter;
the expression for the recognition parameters is:
where a is a constant.
Step S5, locating the action time from the identification parameter.
The specific step of step S5 is to draw an identification parameter map according to the identification parameters of all the frame signals, and input a preset threshold value into the identification parameter map, where the part of the identification parameter greater than the threshold value is the mechanism action state, and the intersection point of the threshold value and the identification parameter map is the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism.
Preferably, the expression of the threshold value T in step S5 is:
T＝b×mean(P)；
where b is an empirical parameter and mean (P) is the averaging of the identification parameters.
The effect of the present invention is discussed below by a specific embodiment.
Gather the vibration signal of circuit breaker switching-on in-process through installing the acceleration sensor on circuit breaker crossbeam shell, in this embodiment, circuit breaker voltage class is 35kV, adopts spring operating mechanism, combines figure 2, and this type circuit breaker switching-on in-process main establishment operating time is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 mechanism action time description:
in the process of signal acquisition each time, the data acquisition card works for 0.3s at the speed of 10kHz in the action process of the circuit breaker, and respectively acquires normal states, a base screw is loosened (failure 1), a closing spring is fatigued (failure 2), vibration signals of each 30 groups are generated under the failure (failure 3) of a transmission rod, and an existing time testing device is used for acquiring a moving contact stroke curve signal and a contact state signal.
The vibration signals are divided into a plurality of frame signals by adopting a sliding window method, a Hamming window is adopted as a window function, the window length L is set to be 6ms, the sliding distance inc of each time is set to be 2ms, and 148 frame signals can be obtained after each group of vibration signals are processed by the sliding window.
The Teager's energy and the squared energy for each frame of signal are calculated as shown in fig. 3.
After Teager's energy and quadratic energy are obtained, the level parameter is calculated according to the expression of the identification parameter, wherein a is 0.01, and the identification parameter is as shown in fig. 4, so that two mechanism action events are obviously highlighted.
When the threshold value is calculated according to the calculation formula of the threshold value, the empirical parameter b is 1.1, the positioning result of the mechanism action time is shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the two mechanism action times are successfully positioned, which are t1 and t2 respectively, and compared with the mechanism action time values extracted from the driven contact stroke curve signal and the contact state signal, the relative errors of t1 and t2 extracted by the method of the present invention are shown in fig. 6a and fig. 6b, it can be seen that the mechanism action time errors extracted by the method of the present invention under different states are all less than 6%, and are well matched with the actual values.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for extracting circuit breaker mechanism actuation time from a vibration signal, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting a vibration signal in the closing process of the breaker;
step S2, dividing the vibration signal into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by adopting a sliding windowing method;
step S3, respectively calculating Teager energy and quadratic energy of each frame of signal;
step S4, dividing Teager energy of each frame of signal by the sum of quadratic energy and a constant a to obtain an identification parameter;
step S5, positioning action time from the identification parameters;
the specific steps of step S5 are: drawing an identification parameter graph according to the identification parameters, and inputting a preset threshold value into the identification parameter graph, wherein the action time is an intersection point of the threshold value and the identification parameter graph.
2. The method for extracting the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps in the step S1 are as follows: the vibration signal of the breaker in the switching-on process is collected through an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is arranged on a cross beam shell of the breaker.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is implemented by dividing the vibration signal into a plurality of overlapped frame signals by using a sliding windowing method, and according to the following formula:
yi(n)＝ω(n)*x((i-1)*inc+n)；
wherein y isi(n) is a plurality of overlapping frame signals, i 1,2n，fnFor the number of frames, x is the vibration signal, n is 1, 2., L is the frame signal length, inc is the sliding distance, ω (n) is the Hamming window function, and the expression is:
4. the method for extracting the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal as claimed in claim 3, wherein the Teager energy in the step S3 is obtained by a Teager energy operator, and the output of the Teager energy operator is as follows:
ψt[x(n)]＝x2(n)-x(n-1)x(n+1)；
wherein psit[x(1)]＝x(1)2，ψt[x(L)]＝x(L)2；
The quadratic energy is obtained through a quadratic energy operator, and the output of the quadratic energy operator is as follows:
ψs[x(n)]＝x2(n)；
for each frame of signal, its Teager energy EtAnd quadratic energy EsThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
5. the method for extracting the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal as claimed in claim 4, wherein the expression of the identification parameter in the step S4 is:
where a is a constant.
6. The method for extracting the action time of the circuit breaker mechanism from the vibration signal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the threshold value T of the step S5 is expressed as:
T＝b×mean(P)；
where b is an empirical parameter and mean (P) is the averaging of the identification parameters.
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