CN112432884B - Test system and method for testing particle size distribution characteristics of debris flow accumulation body - Google Patents
Test system and method for testing particle size distribution characteristics of debris flow accumulation body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster prevention and control engineering, and discloses a test system and a test method for testing particle size distribution characteristics of debris flow accumulation bodies. The system mainly comprises a debris flow moving and accumulating system, a subarea sampling device and a vibrating screening device. The present invention investigates the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of a debris flow accumulation under different conditions. The opening of the closed spherical shell is controlled through the starting connecting rod, so that the starting of the debris flow is realized. When the debris flow movement ceases, a debris accumulation will form in the accumulation zone. The device comprises a vibration screening device, a partition sampling device, a vibration screening device, a data sorting and comprehensive analysis device and a data processing device, wherein the partition sampling device is used for sampling the fragment materials of each space position of the fragment accumulation body one by one, the vibration screening device is used for carrying out particle size grading analysis on the fragment materials of each space position, the spatial distribution rule characteristics of the particle size grading of the fragment flow accumulation body under different conditions are obtained through the data sorting and the comprehensive analysis, and then the device provides a basis for the spatial distribution research of the physical and mechanical parameters of the fragment flow accumulation body in the actual engineering and provides a basis for the stability research of the fragment flow accumulation body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster prevention and control engineering, is mainly used for testing and researching the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of debris flow accumulation bodies, and particularly relates to a model test system and a test method for testing the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of the debris flow accumulation bodies.
Technical Field
The stream of chips is formed by the movement of bulk discrete chip material. In nature, rock and soil bodies or a large amount of discrete debris which are seriously weathered on the top of a slope may be unstable and slide down the slope surface under the triggering conditions of earthquake or blasting operation and the like, so that a geological disaster with strong destructive power is formed. The geological disaster moving in the form of the debris flow seriously threatens the life and property safety of people, and a deposit formed by the debris flow possibly causes a secondary disaster, so that the research on the debris flow and the characteristics of the deposit has important practical significance for disaster prevention and control and social development.
Under different motion conditions, the fragments in the fragment flow finally form a stack body with a characteristic fragment particle size spatial distribution rule through mutual collision and friction action. Obviously, such particle size spatial distribution characteristics also determine the spatial distribution characteristics of physical and mechanical properties such as density, porosity, permeability, etc. of the debris flow stack. The size spatial distribution of the chip particle size of the chip accumulation body is a basic and important characteristic of the chip flow, and has important significance for further and intensive research on the stability of the chip flow accumulation body. The research on the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of the debris flow accumulation body is still a hot spot and a difficult problem concerned by academia and engineering.
At present, the research on the particle size spatial distribution of the debris flow accumulation body is not much, and the research of a plurality of theories and numerical simulation urgently needs test data for verifying the correctness. Because the debris flow accumulation body has stronger looseness, in the sampling process of each space part of the accumulation body formed by the debris flow, the disturbance of particles at adjacent parts is inevitable, so that the grading characteristics of each measured part are inconsistent with the reality, and the disturbance of the sampling to the accumulation body is avoided as much as possible while the operation of the test system for testing the particle size space distribution characteristics of the debris flow accumulation body is convenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test system and a test method for testing and analyzing the particle size spatial distribution of a debris flow accumulation body, so as to facilitate the deep research on the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of the debris flow.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the system mainly comprises a debris flow movement and accumulation system, a subarea sampling device and a vibration screening device;
the debris flow movement and accumulation system comprises a curved chute, a smooth transition chute, an accumulation area flat plate, a closed spherical shell and a starting connecting rod; the shapes, the lengths and the inclination angles of the inclined curved sliding chute and the smooth transition chute are determined according to the test requirements; a closed spherical shell is placed at the upper end of the curved chute, the closed spherical shell is tightly attached to the surface of the curved chute, and a test scrap material is placed in the closed spherical shell; the closed spherical shell is connected with the starting connecting rod, the starting connecting rod is quickly lifted to release the chippings in the spherical shell, and the chippings do accelerated motion along the curved chute under the action of gravity; the smooth transition groove is a transition area for smoothly connecting the curved sliding groove and the flat plate of the accumulation area, and the area enables the debris flow to stably move from the acceleration area to the flat plate of the accumulation area; the accumulation area flat plate is an area where the chip flow is finally stably accumulated;
the zonal sampling device is used for spatially and separately sampling the debris materials in the horizontal and vertical directions after the debris flow accumulation is formed; the sampling device comprises a partitioned sampling box body, a drawing and inserting type sampling plate and a reserved slot; the partitioned sampling box body is arranged into columnar grids in the horizontal direction, so that the horizontal spatial partitioning of the accumulation body is realized; the drawing and inserting type sampling plate is a rigid thin plate and is used for further vertically dividing the columnar cells of the partitioned sampling box body, the columnar cells and the partitioned sampling box body form a partitioned sampling device together, and the divided intervals are set according to specific test conditions; the reserved slot is reserved for inserting the plug-in type sampling plate and is preset on the side surface of the columnar cell of the partitioned sampling box body, so that the plug-in type sampling plate penetrates through the sampling box body in the horizontal direction;
the vibration screening device is used for performing vibration screening on the samples obtained from the separation areas so as to obtain the grading of the debris materials in the separation areas of different spaces; comprises a screening vibration table and a screen group; the screening vibration table is a test platform for screening the debris gradation of each space position of the accumulation body; the screen group is a group of screens for measuring the grading of the scraps at each spatial position, the screens are arranged according to the descending of the screen size in sequence, and after the screening is finished, the grading composition of the scrap materials of the measured cells is obtained by counting the mass on each screen.
The invention can be used for researching the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of the debris flow accumulation body under different conditions. The opening of the closed spherical shell is controlled by the starting connecting rod, so that the starting of the debris flow is realized. When the debris flow movement ceases, a debris accumulation will form in the accumulation zone. The device comprises a vibration screening device, a partition sampling device, a vibration screening device, a data sorting and comprehensive analysis device and a data processing device, wherein the partition sampling device is used for sampling the fragment materials of each space position of the fragment accumulation body one by one, the vibration screening device is used for carrying out particle size grading analysis on the fragment materials of each space position, the spatial distribution rule characteristics of the particle size grading of the fragment flow accumulation body under different conditions are obtained through the data sorting and the comprehensive analysis, and then the device can provide a basis for the spatial distribution research of the physical and mechanical parameters of the fragment flow accumulation body in the actual engineering and provide a basis for the stability research of the fragment flow accumulation body.
Compared with the prior similar technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the test system utilizes the partition sampling device to divide the space area of the horizontal and vertical directions of the debris materials in the accumulation area, so that the disturbance of sampling on the debris materials of the accumulation body can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the test result is more accurate and reliable.
2. The design of matching the zonal sampling and the vibratory screening facilitates the analysis of the particle size distribution in each spatial region of the debris accumulation.
3. The sampling device in the partition in the testing device adopts a pulling and inserting type structure, so that the chip materials in each space area can be graded and analyzed one by one, the specification of the sampling device in the partition can be changed at any time according to the requirement, and the purpose of freely controlling the size of the space area is achieved.
4. The test system is easy to control, simple and convenient to operate and convenient to use, and can be used for carrying out repeated tests for many times so as to further carry out statistical analysis on the space distribution of the particle sizes of the fragments of the accumulation body.
5. The method can realize the research on the particle size spatial distribution characteristics of the chips in the chip flow accumulation body. In the test, the size of the debris flow movement and accumulation system can be designed according to the requirement, and the size specifications of the corresponding subarea sampling device and the corresponding vibration screening device are selected for testing, so that a new test method is provided for researching the particle size spatial distribution characteristic of the debris flow accumulation body. The main innovation lies in that the sampling device is divided into a plurality of areas, so that samples of all space parts of the debris flow accumulation body can be effectively sampled, the disturbance of sampling operation on the accumulation body can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of particle size space distribution characteristic research on the debris accumulation body is further ensured.
6. The characteristics of the particle size spatial distribution rule of the debris flow accumulation body obtained by the method can provide a basis for further researching the spatial physical and mechanical characteristic distribution of the debris flow accumulation body and the stability of the accumulation body, and can also provide a verification basis for the correctness of relevant theories and numerical simulation, thereby promoting the deep research on the debris flow.
7. The method has the advantages of flexible design, simple process, simple and convenient operation, strong repeatability, high efficiency and accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a test system;
in the figure: 1, a curved chute; 2 smoothing a transition groove; 3 stacking area flat plate; 4, sealing the spherical shell; 5 starting the connecting rod; 6, a sampling box body is divided into areas; 7, a plug-in sampling plate; 8, reserving a slot; 9, screening the vibration table; 10 screen mesh groups.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the efficacy of the invention easy to understand, the following describes the testing system and the testing method for measuring the particle size spatial distribution of the debris flow accumulation body in detail with reference to the specific examples and the attached drawings.
(1) Firstly, connecting and fixing a curved chute 1, a smooth transition chute 2 and a flat plate 3 of a stacking area (a support system capable of being fixed in a matching way) which are designed and manufactured according to test requirements, and adjusting the position of a closed spherical shell 4 by starting a connecting rod 5 to enable the closed spherical shell to be tightly attached to the curved chute; placing the chip material meeting the design grading in a closed space between the closed spherical shell and the curved chute; then, the closed spherical shell is rapidly opened by the starting connecting rod to release the debris materials, and the debris materials move under the action of gravity to form a debris flow and form a final debris flow accumulation body on the accumulation area flat plate 3;
(2) secondly, the partitioned sampling box body 6 is aligned with the accumulation area, so that the space separation of the debris accumulation body in the horizontal direction is realized; then, inserting the plugging type sampling plate 7 into a reserved slot 8 reserved on the side wall of the partition sampling box body according to the sequence from bottom to top to realize the space separation of the debris accumulation body in the vertical direction; in the step, the space subarea sampling work of the debris accumulation body is completed through the subarea sampling box body and the separating thin plate.
(3) Thirdly, the partitioned sampling box body 6 is moved out of the flat plate 3 of the accumulation area, the plug-in type sampling plate 7 is sequentially drawn out according to the sequence from bottom to top, the chip materials in different space areas are taken out from the lower part of the plug-in type sampling plate 7, the chip materials at each position separated by the partitioned sampling box body and the plug-in type sampling plate 7 are numbered, and the space positions and the numbers are recorded;
(4) finally, the taken scrap materials in different space cells are moved into a screen group 10, and vibration screening is carried out on a screening vibration table 9 to obtain grading data of the scrap materials in each cell; through changing the size of the partitioned sampling box body and repeated tests, the grading data of the debris materials in each position cell in each test is arranged and integrated to obtain the particle size spatial distribution of the debris accumulation body under the condition of experimental design, and further research on the particle size spatial distribution rule and characteristics of the accumulation body is realized.
The above is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and it should be noted that various modifications or improvements made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The test system is used for testing the particle size distribution characteristics of the debris flow accumulation body and is characterized by mainly comprising a debris flow movement and accumulation system, a partition sampling device and a vibration screening device;
the debris flow movement and accumulation system comprises a curved chute (1), a smooth transition chute (2), an accumulation area flat plate (3), a closed spherical shell (4) and a starting connecting rod (5); the shapes, the lengths and the inclination angles of the inclined curved sliding chute and the smooth transition chute are determined according to the test requirements; a closed spherical shell (4) is placed at the upper end of the curved chute (1), the closed spherical shell (4) is tightly attached to the surface of the curved chute (1), and test scrap materials are placed in the closed spherical shell; the closed spherical shell (4) is connected with the starting connecting rod (5), the starting connecting rod is quickly lifted to release the chippings in the spherical shell, and the chippings do accelerated motion along the curved chute (1) under the action of gravity; the smooth transition groove (2) is a transition area for smoothly connecting the curved chute (1) and the flat plate (3) in the accumulation area, and the area enables the debris flow to smoothly move from the acceleration area to the flat plate (3) in the accumulation area; the accumulation area flat plate (3) is an area where the chip flow is finally stably accumulated;
the zonal sampling device is used for spatially and separately sampling the debris materials in the horizontal and vertical directions after the debris flow accumulation is formed; comprises a subarea sampling box body (6), a drawing and inserting type sampling plate (7) and a reserved slot (8); the partitioned sampling box body (6) is arranged into columnar lattices in the horizontal direction, so that the horizontal spatial partitioning of the accumulation body is realized; the plug-in sampling plate (7) is a rigid thin plate and is used for further vertically dividing the columnar section of the sectional sampling box body (6) and forming a sectional sampling device together with the sectional sampling box body, and the dividing distance is set according to specific test conditions; the reserved slot (8) is reserved for inserting the plug-in type sampling plate (7) and is preset on the side surface of the columnar cell of the subarea sampling box body (6) so that the plug-in type sampling plate penetrates through the sampling box body in the horizontal direction;
the vibration screening device is used for performing vibration screening on the samples obtained from the separation areas so as to obtain the grading of the debris materials in the separation areas of different spaces; comprises a screening vibration table (9) and a screen group (10); wherein the screening vibration table (9) is a test platform for screening the debris gradation of each space position of the accumulation body; the screen group (10) is a group of screens for measuring the grading of the scraps at each spatial position, the screens are arranged according to the descending of the screen size in sequence, and after the screening is finished, the grading composition of the scraps in the measured cells is obtained by counting the mass on each screen.
2. A method of testing the particle size distribution of a debris flow heap using the test system of claim 1, including the steps of:
firstly, connecting and fixing a curved surface sliding chute (1), a smooth transition chute (2) and a flat plate (3) in a stacking area, which are designed and manufactured according to test requirements, and adjusting the position of a closed spherical shell (4) by starting a connecting rod (5) to enable the closed spherical shell to be tightly attached to the curved surface sliding chute; placing the chip material meeting the design grading in a closed space between the closed spherical shell and the curved chute; then, the closed spherical shell is rapidly opened by the starting connecting rod to release the debris materials, and the debris materials move under the action of gravity to form a debris flow and form a final debris flow accumulation body on the accumulation area flat plate (3);
secondly, the partitioned sampling box body (6) is aligned with the accumulation area, so that the debris accumulation body is separated in space in the horizontal direction; then, inserting the plugging type sampling plate (7) into a reserved slot (8) reserved on the side wall of the partition sampling box body according to the sequence from bottom to top to realize the space separation of the debris accumulation body in the vertical direction;
thirdly, moving the partitioned sampling box body (6) out of the flat plate (3) of the accumulation area, sequentially drawing out the plug-in type sampling plates (7) from bottom to top, taking out the chip materials in different space areas from the lower parts of the plug-in type sampling plates (7), numbering the chip materials at each position separated by the partitioned sampling box body and the plug-in type sampling plates (7), and recording the space positions and numbering;
fourthly, the taken scrap materials in different space cells are moved into a screen group (10) and are subjected to vibration screening on a screening vibration table (9) to obtain grading data of the scrap materials in each cell; by changing the size of the partitioned sampling box body and repeating the test, the grading data of the debris materials in each position cell in each test is arranged and integrated to obtain the particle size spatial distribution of the debris accumulation body under the condition of test design.
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