CN112432048A - High-safety hydrogen storage container - Google Patents
High-safety hydrogen storage container Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112432048A CN112432048A CN202011267394.9A CN202011267394A CN112432048A CN 112432048 A CN112432048 A CN 112432048A CN 202011267394 A CN202011267394 A CN 202011267394A CN 112432048 A CN112432048 A CN 112432048A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- hydrogen storage
- filler
- container
- anode
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high safety hydrogen storage container, comprising a sealed shell, a processing tube, a heater and a filler-accumulator arranged in the shell, wherein the container is divided into an anode cavity filled with water by a partition plate made of proton conducting material, a porous anode is arranged in the anode cavity, the cathode cavity is provided with a continuous cathode and the heater positioned therein and is filled with hydrogen storage filler, and the hydrogen storage filler is made of a material with tensile strength of more than 30kg/mm2 and a microporous structure. The present invention is not only safe but also has a high hydrogen saturation while maintaining a small size. Not only can they be supplied by gas stations or special battery supply points, but the containers can also be charged by the consumer himself, since this is sufficient to pour clean water into the chamber with the anode and connect the container to the grid, and to increase the hydrogen content by more than 6% by mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen accumulation and storage, in particular to a high-safety hydrogen storage container.
Background
Known devices based on the binding of hydrogen in solid materials (for example, adsorption on the surface of metal hydrides or dispersed nanomaterials) are based on the collection and storage of hydrogen, which is the most explosion-proof of the existing products, because hydrogen does not have excessive pressure, but the system is inertial, takes a certain time (around a few minutes) to start working, generates significant thermal effects when absorption and release of hydrogen take place, and moreover, the mass content of hydrogen is the ratio of the weight of hydrogen contained in the cell to the weight of the cell itself is very low, which depends both on the amount of hydrogen in the storage material and on the specific weight of the storage material.
A known hydrogen storage volume is a sealed enclosure with an internal container for storing liquefied hydrogen, while gas filling systems are intended to reduce the loss of hydrogen, thereby reducing the time to fill the tank. The tank is intended for use in a hydrogen powered vehicle and is made of a strong composite material and relatively light materials. The final modification was an apparatus having a volume of 90 liters, a weight of 40 kg and a hydrogen pressure of 400 atmospheres. It was estimated that in this case, 3.2kg of hydrogen gas could be stored in the container, and therefore the mass content of hydrogen gas was 3.2/40 × 100% to 8%, and the container had the disadvantages of explosion hazard, low hydrogen content per unit volume, 400 liters of hydrogen per 1 liter, and gas loss from the container, and it was known that hydrogen gas stored in hollow microspheres, which had a diameter of 5 to 20 μm and a wall thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, were made of glass. At a temperature of 200-. Thus, under a hydrogen pressure of 500 atmospheres and heating the microspheres to the indicated temperature, the resulting microspheres had a hydrogen content of 5.5-6.0% by mass. At lower pressures, the mass content of hydrogen in the microspheres will decrease. About 55% of the hydrogen in the microspheres was released when heated to 200 ℃ and about 75% when heated to 250 ℃. When hydrogen is stored in the glass microspheres, the loss due to diffusion through the wall is about 0.5% per day. In the case of coating the microspheres with a metal film, the diffusion loss of hydrogen at room temperature is reduced by a factor of 10 to 100. A significant disadvantage is that the cells with microspheres are charged at relatively low hydrogen pressures, since the tensile strength of the glass is very low, in the range up to 20kg/mm2, which makes it impossible to provide a hydrogen mass content in the microspheres which is significantly above 6% by weight.
The charging and discharging of hydrogen in the existing container has obvious thermal effect, and the ratio of the mass content of the hydrogen to the weight of the hydrogen contained in the container to the weight of the container is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, hydrogen charging and discharging has obvious thermal effect, and the ratio of the mass content of the hydrogen to the weight of the hydrogen contained in a container to the weight of the container is very low, and provides a high-safety hydrogen storage container.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high safety hydrogen storage container comprising a sealed casing, a process tube, a heater and a filler-accumulator disposed in the casing, said container being divided by a partition made of proton conductive material into an anode chamber filled with water, the anode chamber housing a porous anode, the cathode chamber having a continuous cathode and a heater therein and being filled with a hydrogen storage filler made of a material having a tensile strength of more than 30kg/mm2 and having a microporous structure.
Preferably, the filler-accumulator is made of hollow microspheres.
Preferably, the fill-accumulator is made of an aromatic polyamide-based polymer.
Preferably, the filler-accumulator is made of a metal foam, such as nickel foam, titanium foam.
Preferably, the separator is made in the form of a proton conducting membrane.
Preferably, the filler-accumulator is made of a material having proton-conducting properties.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the present invention is not only safe but also has a high hydrogen saturation while maintaining a small size. Not only can they be supplied by gas stations or special battery supply points, but the containers can also be charged by the consumer himself, since this is sufficient to pour clean water into the chamber with the anode and connect the container to the grid, and to increase the hydrogen content by more than 6% by mass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high safety hydrogen storage vessel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of microspheres in a high safety hydrogen storage vessel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of micropores made of polymer material in the high-safety hydrogen storage container according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1 shell, 2 anodes, 3 treatment tubes, 4 anode chambers, 5 separators, 6 filler-accumulator, 7 cathodes, 8 manifolds, 9 heaters, 10 microspheres, 11 fibers, 12 holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a high safety hydrogen storage container includes a sealed casing 1, a process tube 3, a heater 9, and a filler-accumulator 6 disposed in the casing, the filler-accumulator 6 being made of hollow microspheres 10, the container being divided into an anode chamber 4 filled with water by a partition 5 made of a proton conductive material, the partition 5 being made in the form of a proton conductive membrane, the anode chamber housing a porous anode 2, the cathode chamber having a continuous cathode 7 and the heater 9 therein, and being filled with a hydrogen storage filler made of a material having a tensile strength of greater than 30kg/mm2 and having a microporous structure.
In the present invention, the hydrogen content in the microporous structure is primarily dependent on the strength characteristics of the structural material. High strength materials with a tensile strength σ vr of more than 30kg/mm2 are suitable for use in the microporous structure of hydrogen storage and storage tanks. The strength characteristics determine the maximum hydrogen pressure that can be generated at a fixed pore size, since the same hydrogen pressure will generate greater stress in the large pores and therefore less stress in the small pores. By increasing the pore volume (and therefore its size), we obtain a higher hydrogen content per unit volume of the microporous structure, but the increase in pore size is limited by the value of the ultimate stress generated by the hydrogen pressure in these pores;
in the present invention, as a result, the ultimate maximum pore size is determined by the strength characteristics of the microporous structure material for each material. In addition, the materials of the microporous structure should have significantly different characteristics in hydrogen permeability under various conditions, for example, when temperature changes, when exposed to ultrasound, high frequency current, when DC or AC voltage is applied, and the like. The nature of the impact and its strength depend on the requirements placed on the rate at which the microporous structure absorbs hydrogen and/or the rate at which hydrogen is released from it.
In the present invention, the simplest and most practically created microporous structures are those created from hollow microspheres (mainly metals or their alloys), and those made from nickel foam, titanium foam, other metal foams and polymeric materials.
In the present invention, the microporous structure of hollow microspheres, such as steel, is formed as a single rigid structure. This can be done by diffusion bonding. In this case, the interior of the microspheres and all the free spaces between them will be filled with hydrogen.
In the present invention, materials with high strength characteristics and low specific gravity are of major interest for creating porous microstructures, primarily composite carbon and polymer materials. Thus, polymers based on poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide and other similar aromatic polymers (aramids) have a specific gravity 5.5 times less than steel and strength properties 2.5 to 3.5 times higher. The ultimate strength σ vr is 160-.
In the invention, the working mode of the equipment is as follows: the sealing body 1 of the container is divided into two cavities by a partition 5. The anode chamber is filled with water through a manifold 3. Water enters the porous anode 2. At the boundary of the porous anode, which is made of, for example, porous titanium and a proton-conducting membrane 5, which may be made of ceramic, polymer or other material, the water oxidation reaction takes place: 2 n 2O +2 e ═ O2 +4H +;
in the present invention, oxygen is released into a certain amount of water through the pores of the anode and is discharged through the oxygen outlet pipe 4. The hydrogen ions (protons) move along the proton-conducting membrane 5 to the cathode 7, where they are reduced to hydrogen. The hydrogen does not pass through the solid metal cathode 7 and saturates the microporous structure 6. The cathode and proton conducting membrane form a cathode cavity filled with porous microstructures 6. From this closed space, the hydrogen is sent to the user, for example to the hydrogen supply system of the engine, when the heater 9 is heated by the branch pipe 8. Internal combustion or fuel cells. To accelerate the saturation of hydrogen, the microporous structure may have proton conductive properties. The hydrogen content in the porous structure depends on the magnitude of the charging current and charging time;
in the present invention, let us compare the characteristics of a vessel for storing and storing hydrogen, which has a microporous structure made of hollow microspheres 10 (see fig. 2) made of steel and amous (see fig. 3), wherein 11 is a fiber of a material. When forming the holes 12, their shape can vary greatly from capillary to spherical. Variations of spherical pores are contemplated.
In the present invention, table 2 compares the characteristics of the micro-porous structure made of steel microspheres and the micro-porous structure made of Armos having the same pore diameter. In the table, σ φ is the tangential stress of the microsphere shell, kg/mm2, and σ R is the tangential stress of the microsphere shell, kg/mm 2. The specific gravity of the steel was 8 kg/l. The specific gravity of the amoss was 1.45 kg/l.
In the present invention, it can be seen from Table 2 that for the same cell structure having cells with a diameter of 200 μm, 28.3% by weight for the best steel and 390% by weight for Acons, the mass content of hydrogen is achieved in the microstructure;
example 2 a hydrogen storage vessel was divided into two chambers by a high temperature (up to 300 ℃) proton conducting ceramic membrane. The cathode cavity, having a volume of 0.028 litres, is filled with a microporous structure of hollow microspheres made of high strength steel, the microspheres having diameters of 200 and 80 μm and a shell thickness of 1 μm. The microspheres are bonded into a rigid filler by diffusion welding. A weight of 0.028l of microporous structure-3.5 g. The porous titanium anode was washed with water. The microporous structure was charged at a current density of 1A/cm 2. Within 20 minutes, 7.2 liters of hydrogen entered the volume of the microporous structure through the surface of the proton-conducting membrane. During charging, the temperature of the microporous structure was maintained at 280 ℃ by a special heater. The mass content of hydrogen was 18.4 wt%;
example 3 the same device was loaded with a polymer-amous based microporous structure with pore size ofThe polymer fiber of (1). The microporous structure was also charged with hydrogen for 20 minutes. Proton conducting polymer membrane-MF-4 SK. The microporous structure absorbs 7.2 liters of hydrogen. The weight of the porous structure was 0.64g, and the mass content of hydrogen in the microstructure was-101%.
In the present invention, such a tank storing hydrogen has significant advantages over a tank used to fill hydrogen at high pressure or using cryogenic techniques. They are not only safe, but also have a high degree of hydrogen saturation while maintaining a small size. Not only can they be supplied by gas stations or special battery supply points, but these containers can also be charged by the consumer himself (driver) since this is sufficient to pour clean water into the chamber with the anode and to connect the container to the electricity network (power supply).
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high safety hydrogen storage container comprising a sealed housing (1), a process tube (3), a heater (9) and a filler-accumulator (6) disposed in the housing, characterized in that: the vessel is divided by a separator (5) of proton conducting material into a water-filled anode chamber (4) containing a porous anode (2), the cathode chamber having a continuous cathode (7) and a heater (9) located therein and being filled with a hydrogen storage filler made of a material having a tensile strength greater than 30kg/mm2 and a microporous structure.
2. The highly safe hydrogen storage vessel according to claim 1, wherein the filler-accumulator (6) is made of hollow microspheres (10).
3. The highly safe hydrogen storage vessel according to claim 1, wherein the filler-accumulator (6) is made of an aramid-based polymer.
4. A high safety hydrogen storage vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler-accumulator (6) is made of a metal foam, such as nickel foam, titanium foam.
5. A highly safe hydrogen storage vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition (5) is made in the form of a proton conducting membrane.
6. The highly safe hydrogen storage vessel according to claim 1, wherein the filler-accumulator (6) is made of a material with proton conducting properties.
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CN202011267394.9A CN112432048A (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | High-safety hydrogen storage container |
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CN202011267394.9A CN112432048A (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | High-safety hydrogen storage container |
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Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2267694C1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-01-10 | Александр Федорович Чабак | Container for storage of hydrogen |
CN1849724A (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2006-10-18 | 通用电气公司 | Hydrogen storage-based rechargeable fuel cell system |
RU2285859C1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-20 | Александр Федорович Чабак | Tank for storing and accumulating hydrogen |
RU2345273C1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-01-27 | Александр Федорович Чабак | Capacity for storage of hydrogen |
CN101918337A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2010-12-15 | 休斯敦系统大学 | The novel cathode and the electrolyte that are used for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and ion transport membranes |
CN103968231A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-08-06 | 上海华篷防爆科技有限公司 | Hydrogen storage device made of iron-based porous metal material |
-
2020
- 2020-11-13 CN CN202011267394.9A patent/CN112432048A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1849724A (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2006-10-18 | 通用电气公司 | Hydrogen storage-based rechargeable fuel cell system |
RU2267694C1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-01-10 | Александр Федорович Чабак | Container for storage of hydrogen |
RU2285859C1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-20 | Александр Федорович Чабак | Tank for storing and accumulating hydrogen |
CN101918337A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2010-12-15 | 休斯敦系统大学 | The novel cathode and the electrolyte that are used for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and ion transport membranes |
RU2345273C1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-01-27 | Александр Федорович Чабак | Capacity for storage of hydrogen |
CN103968231A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-08-06 | 上海华篷防爆科技有限公司 | Hydrogen storage device made of iron-based porous metal material |
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Application publication date: 20210302 |