CN112431029B - High-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
- D06N3/0036—Polyester fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0043—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by their foraminous structure; Characteristics of the foamed layer or of cellular layers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds
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- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0086—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique
- D06N3/0095—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique by inversion technique; by transfer processes
- D06N3/0097—Release surface, e.g. separation sheets; Silicone papers
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
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- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06N2201/042—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
- D06N2211/28—Artificial leather
Abstract
The invention provides a high-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture and a preparation method thereof. The sofa leather product prepared by the preparation method of the polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environment-friendly solvent-free sofa furniture has the advantages that the leather surface is not cracked or pulverized after being subjected to hydrolysis resistance (70 ℃ C. 95% RH) for 7 weeks, the peel strength is not less than 30N/3cm (Newton per 3 cm), the leather surface is not cracked after being bent for 10 ten thousand times at normal temperature, the Weishibo is wear-resistant, the leather surface is not damaged, the DMF content ND (detection limit: 5ppm) is tested according to the detection method of ISO16189, compared with a solvent-based product, the ecological environment-friendly performance of the product is not only reflected in that the product does not use an organic solvent, but also the production process has low energy consumption and low emission, and the life cycle LCA carbon footprint is certified, and compared with a solvent-based product with the same specification, the greenhouse gas emission (calculated by CO 2) of the project product is reduced by 47.37%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to high-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The traditional polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture is mainly divided into a dry product and a wet product according to a processing mode, and is prepared by processing polyurethane resin with solid content of 20-40% by taking N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), butanone (MEK), Toluene (TOL) and the like as organic solvents. Moreover, as a household product, people have a long contact time every day, and the residual solvent is harmful to people. With the strictness of national environmental protection policies and the increasing enhancement of environmental protection consciousness of people, polyurethane synthetic leather tends to move towards a clean production process with low emission and zero pollution, and the development of environment-friendly sofa furniture leather products tends to be great.
The synthetic leather product for the sofa furniture, which is prepared by the one-knife-pasting solvent-free foaming pasting process, has the characteristics of soft hand feeling, excellent wear resistance and scratch resistance, environmental friendliness, low carbon footprint and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides high-environment-friendly solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture, which comprises a base cloth layer and a solvent-free layer;
the solvent-free layer is formed by mixing a polyether type combined material A and a polyether type material B prepolymer according to a mass ratio of 100:62 are mixed together.
Further, the preparation raw materials of the polyether type composite material A comprise the following components in parts by mass: 70-80 parts of polyether type combined A material stock solution, 10-15 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-15 parts of color paste and 0.05-0.1 part of catalyst.
Further, the catalyst is an amine and metal composite catalyst.
Further, the thickness of the base fabric layer is 0.70 +/-0.05 mm.
Further, the fiber proportion of the base cloth layer is 75% of polyester and 25% of cotton.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environment-friendly solvent-free sofa furniture, which comprises the following steps:
step a, coating the surface of release paper with solvent-free layer slurry formed by mixing polyether type combination material A and polyether type material B prepolymer, and drying to form a solvent-free layer;
and b, laminating the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer through a laminating roller, sending the laminated product of the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer into an oven for curing after the lamination is finished, cooling after the curing, and peeling off the release paper to obtain the finished product of the polyurethane synthetic leather.
Further, in the step a, the coating thickness of the solvent-free layer slurry is in the range of 0.30-0.35 mm; the drying condition is drying for 1-2 min at 100-120 ℃.
Further, the curing condition of the oven in the step b is oven curing at 130-140 ℃ for 8-10 min.
Further, the solvent-free layer is thermosetting two-component polyether type solvent-free foaming polyurethane resin.
Further, when laminating is carried out in the step b, the laminating gap between the laminating roller and the release paper ranges from 0.55mm to 0.65 mm.
The one-cut adhesive solvent-free double-component polyurethane resin can be directly coated and scraped on release paper through an AB material mixing coating head, can be used as an adhesive layer in a semi-dry state, can be immediately peeled after being cured for 8-10 minutes after being attached to a base fabric, and is low in production energy consumption and simple in process route. The sofa furniture leather product prepared by using the method has the advantages that the leather surface is not cracked or pulverized after hydrolysis resistance (70 ℃ C. 95% RH) for 7 weeks, the peel strength is not less than 30N/3cm, the leather surface is not cracked after being flexed for 10 ten thousand times at normal temperature, the Weishibo is wear-resistant and has no crack, and the DMF content ND (detection limit: 5ppm) is tested according to the detection method of ISO 16189. Compared with solvent type products, the ecological environment-friendly performance of the product is not only reflected in that the product does not use organic solvent, but also has low energy consumption and low emission in the production process, and compared with the solvent type products with the same specification, the product has the greenhouse gas emission (in terms of CO) through the life cycle LCA carbon footprint certification 2 Calculated) was reduced by 47.37%.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of polyurethane synthetic leather for high-environmental-protection solvent-free sofa furniture in the embodiment of the invention.
1-a base fabric layer; 2-solvent free layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a high-environment-friendly solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture, which comprises a base cloth layer and a solvent-free layer, wherein the solvent-free layer is formed by mixing polyether type combined material A and polyether type material B prepolymer according to a mass ratio of 100/62.
The polyurethane synthetic leather is formed by directly attaching solvent-free bi-component polyurethane resin to a base cloth layer, and is a one-step-attaching solvent-free foaming and attaching process, wherein the solvent-free bi-component polyurethane resin is a polyether type combined material A and a polyether type material B prepolymer according to the mass ratio of 100:62, which is a surface layer and an adhesive layer.
Illustratively, the preparation raw materials of the polyether type composite material A comprise the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of polyether type combined A material stock solution, 10-15 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-15 parts of color paste and 0.05-0.1 part of catalyst.
Illustratively, the stock solution of the polyether type composition A is a stock solution of a polyether type hydroxyl component A, the prepolymer of the polyether type B is a polyether type isocyanate component B, and the stock solution of the polyether type hydroxyl component A and the polyether type isocyanate component B are respectively AL-2110A and AL-3055B produced by New polyurethane Material Co.
Illustratively, the catalyst is an amine and metal hybrid catalyst (694590C-CC) from Pasteur; calcium carbonate acts as a filler to support in the coating; the catalyst acts to accelerate the cure crosslinking.
Illustratively, the base fabric layer is a Hubei Jinfuxiang 0.7mm renewable woven fabric with a thickness: 0.70 ± 0.05mm, gram weight: 220 +/-10 g/m 2 The fiber proportion of the base cloth layer is 75% of terylene and 25% of cotton, wherein the terylene can pass GRS certification and is a recyclable material.
The invention provides a preparation method of high-environment-friendly solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture, which completely does not use a solvent in the manufacturing process, has green and environment-friendly production process, can be processed and molded at one time, does not need paper-carrying curing for leather samples, and has high production efficiency.
A preparation method of high-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture comprises the following steps:
step a, coating the surface of release paper with solvent-free layer slurry formed by mixing polyether type combination material A and polyether type material B prepolymer, and drying to form a solvent-free layer; the solvent-free layer is thermosetting double-component polyether type solvent-free foaming polyurethane resin;
the polyether type composite material A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of polyether type combined A material stock solution, 10-15 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-15 parts of color paste and 0.05-0.1 part of catalyst; the polyether type combination A material stock solution is polyether type hydroxyl component A material stock solution, and the polyether type B material prepolymer is polyether type isocyanate component B;
the coating thickness of the solvent-free layer slurry is 0.30-0.35 mm; the drying condition is drying for 1-2 min at 100-120 ℃;
b, laminating the base cloth layer with the thickness of 0.70 +/-0.05 mm with the solvent-free layer through a laminating roller, feeding the laminated body of the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer into an oven for curing after the lamination is finished, cooling after the curing, and peeling off release paper to obtain a finished product of the polyurethane synthetic leather;
the curing condition of the oven is that the oven is cured for 8-10min at the temperature of 130-140 ℃; the lamination gap between the laminating roller and the release paper is 0.55-0.65 mm.
Illustratively, in order to ensure the hand feeling of the finished polyurethane synthetic leather product, the lamination gap between the laminating roller and the release paper is 0.55-0.65 mm.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but it should be noted that the specific material ratios, process conditions, results, etc. described in the examples of the present invention are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Example one
A preparation method of high-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture comprises the following steps:
step a, coating the surface of release paper with solvent-free layer slurry formed by mixing polyether type combination material A and polyether type material B prepolymer, and drying to form a solvent-free layer; the solvent-free layer is thermosetting two-component polyether type solvent-free foaming polyurethane resin, and the proportion of the two-component polyether type solvent-free foaming polyurethane resin AL-2110A to AL-3055B is as follows: 100: 62;
the polyether type composite material A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of AL-2110A stock solution, 15 parts of calcium carbonate, 15 parts of color paste and 0.08 part of catalyst (694590C-CC);
the coating thickness of the solvent-free layer slurry is 0.30 mm; drying for 2min under the drying condition of 100 ℃;
b, laminating the base cloth layer with the thickness of 0.70mm and the solvent-free layer through a laminating roller, sending the laminated product of the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer into an oven for curing after the lamination is finished, cooling after the curing, and peeling the release paper to obtain a finished product of the polyurethane synthetic leather;
oven curing condition is oven curing at 140 deg.C for 8 min; the lamination gap between the laminating roller and the release paper was 0.55 mm.
Example two
A preparation method of high-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture comprises the following steps:
step a, coating the surface of release paper with solvent-free layer slurry formed by mixing polyether type combination material A and polyether type material B prepolymer, and drying to form a solvent-free layer; the solvent-free layer is thermosetting two-component polyether type solvent-free foaming polyurethane resin, and the proportion of the two-component polyether type solvent-free foaming polyurethane resin AL-2110A to AL-3055B is as follows: 100: 62;
the polyether type composite material A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of AL-2110A stock solution, 10 parts of calcium carbonate, 15 parts of color paste and 0.1 part of catalyst (694590C-CC);
the coating thickness of the solvent-free layer slurry is 0.35 mm; drying for 2min under the drying condition of 110 ℃;
b, laminating the base cloth layer with the thickness of 0.70mm and the solvent-free layer through a laminating roller, sending the laminated product of the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer into an oven for curing after the lamination is finished, cooling after the curing, and peeling the release paper to obtain a finished product of the polyurethane synthetic leather;
the curing condition of the oven is that the oven is cured for 10min at 135 ℃; the lamination gap between the lamination roller and the release paper was 0.65 mm.
Relevant features of both embodiments are as follows:
the sofa leather product prepared by the preparation method of the polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environment-friendly solvent-free sofa furniture has the advantages that the leather surface is not cracked or pulverized after being subjected to hydrolysis resistance (70 ℃ C. 95% RH) for 7 weeks, the peel strength is not less than 30N/3cm (Newton per 3 cm), the leather surface is not cracked after being bent for 10 ten thousand times at normal temperature, the Weishibo is wear-resistant, the leather surface is not damaged, the DMF content ND (detection limit: 5ppm) is tested according to the detection method of ISO16189, compared with a solvent-based product, the ecological environment-friendly performance of the product is not only reflected in that the product does not use an organic solvent, but also the production process has low energy consumption and low emission, and the life cycle LCA carbon footprint is certified, and compared with a solvent-based product with the same specification, the greenhouse gas emission (calculated by CO 2) of the project product is reduced by 47.37%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-environment-friendly solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture is characterized by comprising a base cloth layer and a solvent-free layer;
the solvent-free layer is formed by mixing a polyether type combined material A and a polyether type material B prepolymer according to a mass ratio of 100:62, the solvent-free layer is a surface layer and an adhesive layer;
the coating thickness of the solvent-free layer slurry is 0.30-0.35 mm;
the preparation raw materials of the polyether type combined material A comprise the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of polyether type combined A material stock solution, 10-15 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-15 parts of color paste and 0.05-0.1 part of catalyst;
the polyether type combined material stock solution A is polyether type hydroxyl component material stock solution A AL-2110A;
the polyether type B material prepolymer is a polyether type isocyanate component B AL-3055B.
2. The high-environment-friendly solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is an amine and metal composite catalyst.
3. The high-environmental-protection solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the base fabric layer is 0.70 ± 0.05 mm.
4. The polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environment-friendly solvent-free sofa furniture as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fiber proportion of the base fabric layer is 75% of polyester and 25% of cotton.
5. The preparation method of the polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environment-friendly solvent-free sofa furniture, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step a, coating the surface of release paper with solvent-free layer slurry formed by mixing polyether type combination material A and polyether type material B prepolymer, and drying to form a solvent-free layer;
and b, laminating the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer through a laminating roller, sending the laminated product of the base cloth layer and the solvent-free layer into an oven for curing after the lamination is finished, cooling after the curing, and peeling off the release paper to obtain a finished product of the polyurethane synthetic leather.
6. The method for preparing polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture in high environmental protection and without solvent according to claim 5, wherein in step a, the coating thickness of the slurry of the solvent-free layer is in the range of 0.30-0.35 mm; the drying condition is drying for 1-2 min at 100-120 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environment-friendly solvent-free sofa furniture according to claim 5, wherein the oven curing condition in the step b is oven curing at 130-140 ℃ for 8-10 min.
8. The preparation method of the polyurethane synthetic leather for the high-environmental-protection solvent-free sofa furniture, according to claim 5, wherein the solvent-free layer is thermosetting two-component polyether type solvent-free foamed polyurethane resin.
9. The method for preparing polyurethane synthetic leather for sofa furniture in high environmental protection and solvent-free according to claim 5, wherein the laminating gap between the laminating roller and the release paper during laminating in step b is in the range of 0.55-0.65 mm.
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