CN112430758A - High-silicon aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-silicon aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112430758A CN112430758A CN202011221403.0A CN202011221403A CN112430758A CN 112430758 A CN112430758 A CN 112430758A CN 202011221403 A CN202011221403 A CN 202011221403A CN 112430758 A CN112430758 A CN 112430758A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
- C22B9/026—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves by acoustic waves, e.g. supersonic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy forming processing, and particularly relates to a high-silicon aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) heating the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to above 650 ℃, and preserving heat; 2) adding a refining agent into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 1) while stirring, and removing impurities from the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained after refining; 3) adding a refiner into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 2), stirring, and then extending a tool head of an ultrasonic instrument into the stirred aluminum-silicon alloy melt for ultrasonic treatment; 4) cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 3) to 620-650 ℃, preserving heat, and then removing impurities and purifying the aluminum-silicon alloy melt. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple and feasible process, low production cost and good refining effect of the primary silicon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy forming processing, and particularly relates to a high-silicon aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum occupies 8.13 wt% of the total shell, and is one of the most abundant elements stored in metal elements. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have the characteristics of small density, light weight, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and the like, and are nonferrous metal materials widely used in reality. With the rising of the price of crude oil, the requirement of social environmental protection and the rapid development of manufacturing technology, under the requirements of energy conservation, weight reduction and environmental protection, the materials used in the industrial fields of transportation, aerospace and the like are developed to increase the light weight, so as to achieve the purposes of high strength, high efficiency and energy conservation.
The high-silicon aluminum alloy has the advantages of small specific gravity, high hardness, good wear resistance, good casting formability, high dimensional stability and the like, has great potential for replacing the traditional steel material under the requirements of low energy consumption and light weight of material use, and is expected to be widely applied to industries such as aerospace, automobiles, ships and the like. The content of Si element in the high-silicon aluminum alloy is usually between 18 and 30 weight percent, and the mechanical property of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is closely related to the content and the appearance of the element in the alloy. As the content of Si element in the aluminum alloy increases, coarse primary silicon in the shape of five-lobed stars, plates, octahedrons, and other complex morphologies is generally formed in the microstructure of the alloy. These complex shaped, coarse primary silicon severely spall the alloy matrix. Under the action of external force, local stress concentration is easily generated at the tip and the edge part of a coarse primary silicon phase, the plasticity and the wear resistance of the alloy are obviously influenced, and the mechanical property of the alloy is seriously reduced. In addition, during the machining process of various parts made of high-silicon aluminum alloy, hard and brittle coarse primary silicon is easy to peel off under stress, and the wear of a machining tool is accelerated while the smoothness of the surface of a machined part is reduced.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing a high silicon aluminum alloy, which refines primary silicon.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is provided, the process is simple and feasible, the production cost is low, and the primary silicon refining effect is good.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) heating the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to above 650 ℃, and preserving heat;
2) adding a refining agent into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 1) while stirring, and removing impurities from the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained after refining;
3) adding a refiner into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 2), stirring, and then extending a tool head of an ultrasonic instrument into the stirred aluminum-silicon alloy melt for ultrasonic treatment;
4) cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 3) to 620-650 ℃, preserving heat, and then removing impurities and purifying the aluminum-silicon alloy melt.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 1), the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 30 min.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 2), the content of the added refining agent is 3-8 wt%.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 2), the mixture is stirred and then kept stand for more than or equal to 30min before impurity removal.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 3), the content of the added refiner is 3-5 wt%, and the refiner is Al-5 Ti-1B.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 3), the depth of the tool head of the ultrasonic instrument extending into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt is 30 +/-5 mm.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 3), the time of ultrasonic treatment is more than or equal to 30 min.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 3), the ultrasonic instrument is a digital ultrasonic instrument, and the tool head is made of a titanium alloy.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, in the step 4), the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 30 min.
The second purpose of the invention is: the high-silicon aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention include but are not limited to: according to the invention, the refiner is added into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt, and the melt is treated by an ultrasonic instrument, so that the penetration of the refiner into a grain boundary is accelerated and the refiner is uniformly distributed in the whole structure. Therefore, the silicon segregation in the whole tissue is smashed, so that the generation of silicon segregation is effectively prevented, and an excellent tissue thinning effect is achieved. Therefore, the method has the advantages of simple and easy process, low production cost and good refining effect of the primary silicon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a high silicon aluminum alloy obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the high silicon aluminum alloy obtained in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of the high silicon aluminum alloy obtained in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of the high silicon aluminum alloy obtained in example 4.
FIG. 5 is a microstructure diagram of the high-silicon aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 1.
FIG. 6 is a microstructure diagram (different in scale from FIG. 1) of the high-silicon aluminum alloy obtained in example 1.
FIG. 7 is a microstructure diagram of the high-silicon aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 2.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of the mechanical strength of die-cast parts obtained by die-casting the high-silicon aluminum alloys obtained in examples and comparative examples 2 to 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
1. Preparation method of high-silicon aluminum alloy
The first aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) heating the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to above 650 ℃, and preserving heat; in this step, the heating temperature is preferably controlled to be 650-680 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 30min, and the longer the heat preservation time is, the better the effect is, for example: preserving heat for 30min, 40min, 60min, 90min, 120min or longer;
2) adding 3-8 wt% of refining agent into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 1), stirring, and removing impurities from the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained after refining; in this step, it is preferable that the content of the refining agent added may be 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, or the like; the stirring is carried out for a period of not less than 30min, for example: stirring for 30min, 40min, 60min, 90min, 120min or longer; the refining agent is added to remove hydrogen and floating oxidation slag inclusion in the aluminum liquid, so that the aluminum liquid is purer and has the function of the slag removal agent;
3) adding 3-5 wt.% of Al-5Ti-1B into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 2), and stirring; extending a tool head of an ultrasonic instrument into the stirred aluminum-silicon alloy melt for ultrasonic treatment; in this step, Al-5Ti-1B is preferably added in an amount of 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, or the like; as is easy to understand, impurities, silicon elements and the like are easy to aggregate at the grain boundary in the process of forming the structure, so that silicon segregation is mainly generated by silicon aggregation at the grain boundary, and therefore, after Al-5Ti-1B is added for stirring, the Al-5Ti-1B can drill into the grain boundary after the structure is formed and react with the silicon through titanium, and then large silicon pieces are broken to treat the silicon segregation phenomenon; according to the invention, the Al-Si melt after Al-5Ti-1B is added is treated by ultrasonic waves, and then Al-5Ti-1B is more uniformly and rapidly drilled into a grain boundary by high-frequency vibration, so that the silicon segregation phenomenon in the whole structure is effectively prevented, and a good structure thinning effect is achieved;
4) cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 3) to 620-650 ℃, preserving heat, and then removing impurities and purifying the aluminum-silicon alloy melt. Because the aluminum alloy material has extremely high gas content and certain impurities and oxides, the performance of the die casting is greatly influenced, so that the impurities are removed and the gas is removed, the purity of raw materials and the yield of products are improved, and the mechanical property of the products is finally improved.
2. Preparation method of high-silicon aluminum alloy
The second aspect of the invention provides a high-silicon aluminum alloy which is prepared by the preparation method. The high-silicon aluminum alloy has good quality, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy can be used for preparing castings with high surface smoothness and excellent mechanical properties by adopting forming technologies such as high pressure, extrusion casting and the like.
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below with reference to examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) heating the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to above 650 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 min;
2) adding 5 wt% of refining agent into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 1), stirring, standing for 30min, and removing impurities from the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained after refining;
3) adding 3 wt% of Al-5Ti-1B refiner into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 2), stirring, and then extending a tool head of an ultrasonic instrument into the stirred aluminum-silicon alloy melt for ultrasonic treatment for 30 min;
4) cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 3) to 620-650 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, and then removing impurities and purifying the aluminum-silicon alloy melt.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is:
the time for ultrasonic treatment was 60 min.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is:
the time for ultrasonic treatment was 90 min.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is:
the time for ultrasonic treatment was 120 min.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is:
no ultrasonic treatment was performed.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is:
no Al-5Ti-1B refiner was added.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is:
and (4) directly entering the step (4) after the step (1) is finished).
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is:
after the step 1) is finished, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then entering the step 4).
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Test method
1) The microstructures of the high-silicon aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 were characterized to obtain microstructure diagrams as shown in fig. 1 to 5.
2) The microstructure of the high-silicon aluminum alloy prepared in example 1 and comparative example 2 was characterized, and microstructure diagrams shown in fig. 6 to 7 were obtained.
3) The die castings obtained by die casting the high-silicon aluminum alloys obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 4 were subjected to a mechanical strength test to obtain a mechanical strength comparison graph shown in fig. 8.
Analysis of results
1) As can be seen from comparison of the figures 1-5, the longer the ultrasonic treatment time is, the better the refining effect of the obtained high-silicon aluminum alloy is. The reason is that the high-frequency vibration is generated through ultrasonic treatment, so that the Al-5Ti-1B can be more uniformly and quickly drilled into a grain boundary, the silicon segregation phenomenon in the whole structure is effectively prevented, and an excellent structure thinning effect is achieved.
2) As can be seen from comparison of FIGS. 6 to 7, the refining effect is obvious after the Al-5Ti-1B refiner is added. This is because, when Al-5Ti-1B is added and stirred, Al-5Ti-1B penetrates into grain boundaries after the structure is formed and reacts with silicon by titanium, thereby breaking up large pieces of silicon to cope with the silicon segregation phenomenon.
3) As can be seen from FIG. 8, the die casting piece obtained by die casting the high-silicon aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the invention has the best mechanical property.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may also occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed and taught herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious improvement, replacement or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) heating the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to above 650 ℃, and preserving heat;
2) adding a refining agent into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 1) while stirring, and removing impurities from the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained after refining;
3) adding a refiner into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 2), stirring, and then extending a tool head of an ultrasonic instrument into the stirred aluminum-silicon alloy melt for ultrasonic treatment;
4) cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step 3) to 620-650 ℃, preserving heat, and then removing impurities and purifying the aluminum-silicon alloy melt.
2. The preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 30 min.
3. The method for preparing the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the content of the added refining agent is 3-8 wt%.
4. The preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mixture is stirred and then kept stand for more than or equal to 30min before impurity removal.
5. The method for preparing the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the content of the added refiner is 3-5 wt%, and the refiner is Al-5 Ti-1B.
6. The method for preparing the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the tool head of the ultrasonic instrument extends into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to a depth of 30 +/-5 mm.
7. The method for preparing the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the time of the ultrasonic treatment in the step 3) is not less than 30 min.
8. The method for preparing the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the ultrasonic instrument is a digital ultrasonic instrument, and the tool bit is made of titanium alloy.
9. The preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the heat preservation time is not less than 30 min.
10. A high-silicon aluminum alloy produced by the method for producing a high-silicon aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1632146A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2005-06-29 | 清华大学 | Preparation of aluminium titanium carbide intermediate alloy grain refiner in the ultrasonic field |
| CN1861820A (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2006-11-15 | 河北工业大学 | Grain fining agent for casting aluminium alloy, preparation process and application thereof |
| CN102839291A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2012-12-26 | 兰州理工大学 | Refining method for primary silicon in hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloy |
| CN104480357A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-01 | 福州大学 | High-silicon aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN108504885A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-09-07 | 深圳市奥力压铸五金制品有限公司 | The preparation method and alusil alloy of alusil alloy |
-
2020
- 2020-11-05 CN CN202011221403.0A patent/CN112430758A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1632146A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2005-06-29 | 清华大学 | Preparation of aluminium titanium carbide intermediate alloy grain refiner in the ultrasonic field |
| CN1861820A (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2006-11-15 | 河北工业大学 | Grain fining agent for casting aluminium alloy, preparation process and application thereof |
| CN102839291A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2012-12-26 | 兰州理工大学 | Refining method for primary silicon in hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloy |
| CN104480357A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-01 | 福州大学 | High-silicon aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN108504885A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-09-07 | 深圳市奥力压铸五金制品有限公司 | The preparation method and alusil alloy of alusil alloy |
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