CN112428630A - 一种防弹头盔盔体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防弹头盔盔体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112428630A
CN112428630A CN202011286654.7A CN202011286654A CN112428630A CN 112428630 A CN112428630 A CN 112428630A CN 202011286654 A CN202011286654 A CN 202011286654A CN 112428630 A CN112428630 A CN 112428630A
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fabric
split
helmet body
fiber
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CN112428630B (zh
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马天
李伟萍
来悦
黄献聪
龙知洲
马琪皓
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Yangzhou Huahao New Material Co ltd
Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences
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Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防弹头盔盔体及其制备方法。所述防弹头盔盔体由外层、中间层和内层经模压成型得到；外层和内层均由1～5层织物预浸料复合而成，中间层由2～7个分体拼接而成，每个分体由15～75层织物预浸料复合而成，分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面或台阶式搭接面。本发明防弹头盔盔体由于中间层采用多个分体单独加热模压后拼合，各分体面积小、曲率小，使得模压成型所用片料无需裁剪成风叶轮形状，避免了片料搭接不均匀而导致的盔体出现褶皱、面密度不均匀的问题，确保了盔体防弹性能的稳定。另一方面，由于中间层各分体面积小、曲率小，模具闭合加压过程中避免了织物中的纤维在模压过程中受拉伸断裂损伤问题，保持了织物的力学性能，从而提高防弹头盔的防弹性能。

Description

一种防弹头盔盔体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防弹头盔盔体及其制备方法，属于头盔制备技术领域。
背景技术
头盔是用于使头部免受伤害的一种重要的单兵防护装备。在战场上，弹丸击穿头盔将会对人体造成致命的伤害。防弹头盔可以有效地减少战场上的人员伤亡。随着科技的发展和新材料的问世，现代防弹头盔经历了从钢盔到纤维增强复合材料的发展过程。近年来，头盔盔体的发展聚焦在轻量化和高防护等级方面，目前防弹头盔所使用的高性能纤维主要包括芳纶纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维(PBO)和玻璃纤维等，这些高性能纤维被加工成织物或无纬布，经涂胶或覆膜工艺制成预浸料，预浸料被裁剪成风叶轮形状片料并按头盔形状进行层层搭接、堆叠，再经加热模压制成头盔盔体。通过该方法获得的防弹头盔盔体，一方面由于采用风叶轮形状片料层层搭接时难以实现搭接处层数、厚度完全均匀一致，致使盔体在模压过程中出现褶皱，盔体面密度不均匀，导致头盔防弹性能不稳定；另一方面，头盔盔体为大曲率曲面形状，在整体模压过程中，模具闭合时头盔局部区域片料织物中的部分经向和/或纬向纤维由于模压受力发生位移、拉伸变形甚至断裂，导致织物强力损失，进而使防弹性能下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防弹头盔盔体及其制备方法，通过该方法可以降低头盔用织物在模压过程中的强力损失和避免制得的盔体面密度不一致的问题，从而提升头盔制成品的抗冲击性能和防弹性能。
本发明所提供的防弹头盔盔体，由外层、中间层和内层经模压成型得到；
所述外层和所述内层均由1～5层织物预浸料复合而成；
所述中间层由2～7个分体拼接而成，每个分体由15～75层织物预浸料复合而成，所述分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面或台阶式搭接面。
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，复合形成所述外层、所述中间层和所述内层的每层所述织物预浸料均为覆有胶膜的织物、浸渍胶粘剂的织物或刮涂胶粘剂的织物。
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，所述胶膜选自苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物胶膜、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物胶膜、聚氨酯胶膜、酚醛树脂胶膜、环氧树脂胶膜、聚乙烯醇缩醛胶膜和丙烯酸酯胶膜中至少一种；
所述胶粘剂选自苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩醛和丙烯酸酯中至少一种。
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，所述胶膜或所述胶粘剂的含量为每层所述织物预浸料的面密度的10～20％，如13～20％、13～16％、13～15％、13％、15％、16％或20％。
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，复合形成所述外层和所述内层的每层所述织物预浸料的面密度为100～380g/m2，如150～200g/m2；
复合形成所述中间层的每层所述织物预浸料的面密度为100～380g/m2，如120～380g/m2、150～380g/m2或120～150g/m2；
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，所述外层和所述内层采用的织物均选自芳纶纤维、超高聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、芳杂环纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维中的至少一种；
所述中间层的各分体采用的织物选自芳纶纤维、超高聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、芳杂环纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维中的至少一种。
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，所述外层、所述内层和所述中间层的各分体采用的织物均为平纹织物、斜纹织物、无纬布织物、经编织物和纬编织物中任一种。
上述的防弹头盔盔体中，所述分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面时，所述斜切面的搭接宽度为5～12mm，所述斜切面的角度为0°～60°；各分体斜切搭接面示意图如图4所示；
所述分体结合处为台阶式搭接面时，所述台阶式搭接面的搭接宽度为2～5mm；各分台阶式搭接面示意图如图5所示。
所述防弹头盔盔体可按照下述方法制备：
1)将复合形成所述中间层的所述织物预浸料按照中间层预设的面密度铺层，将相同面密度的铺层放入各分体模具中模压成型，脱模切边后得到中间层各分体，各分体结合处具有斜切面或台阶式搭接面；
2)将复合形成所述外层的所述织物预浸料置于头盔模具的凹模上，然后在步骤2)得到的中间层各分体结合处涂覆胶粘剂Ⅰ，拼合得到所述中间层，然后放置到复合形成所述外层的所述织物预浸料上；
3)将复合形成所述内层的事实织物预浸料置于所述中间层上，通过加热模压得到防弹头盔盔体。
上述的制备方法中，步骤1)中，所述模压成型的条件为：成型压力为5～25Mpa，如15～20Mpa，模具温度为100～140℃，如120～130℃，保压时间为10～30min，如18～20min；
步骤2)中，所述胶粘剂Ⅰ选自苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩醛和丙烯酸酯中任一种；
步骤3)中，所述模压成型的条件为：成型压力为5～20MPa，如10～20Mpa，模具温度为100～140℃，如120～130℃，保压时间为10～25min，如10～20min。
本发明提供的防弹头盔盔体，在结构上采用外层、中间层、内层三层结构，其中间层由多个分体组成，中间层各分体单独模压成型后再与外层、内层同时置于盔形模具模压，得到防弹头盔盔体。本发明防弹头盔盔体由于中间层采用多个分体单独加热模压后拼合，各分体面积小、曲率小，使得模压成型所用片料无需裁剪成风叶轮形状，避免了片料搭接不均匀而导致的盔体出现褶皱、面密度不均匀的问题，确保了盔体防弹性能的稳定。另一方面，由于中间层各分体面积小、曲率小，模具闭合加压过程中避免了织物中的纤维在模压过程中受拉伸断裂损伤问题，保持了织物的力学性能，从而提高防弹头盔的防弹性能。另外，本发明防弹头盔盔体制备方法中，中间层各分体可分模具同时压制，提高了头盔生产效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明防弹头盔盔体整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明防弹头盔盔体三层结构示意图。
图3为本发明防弹头盔盔体的中间层各分体斜切搭接面示意图。
图4为本发明防弹头盔盔体的中间层各分台阶式搭接面示意图。
图5-图7为本发明实施例1-3防弹头盔盔体的中间层的各分体结构示意图。
图2中，11.外层，12.中间层，13.内层。
图5中，31.上分体，32.左分体，33.右分体，34斜切面。
图6中，41.前分体，42.后分体，43.左分体，44.右分体，45台阶式搭接面。
图7中，51.上分体，52.前分体，53.后分体，54.左分体，55.右分体，56斜切面。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、
如图1-2所示，为本发明提供的防弹头盔盔体的结构示意图，包括外层11、中间层12和内层13。其中，外层11、内层13分别由2层覆有酚醛树脂胶膜的碳纤维平纹织物预浸料复合组成；如图5所示，中间层12由3个分体(上分体31、左分体32、右分体33)粘结拼合而成，各分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面34，如图3所示，各分体斜切面34搭接宽度为7mm；斜切面34的角度为30°，各分体由48层浸渍聚氨酯的超高分子量聚乙烯无纬布预浸料复合组成；外层11、内层13所用织物预浸料的单层面密度为150g/m2，胶膜含量为单层织物预浸料面密度的15wt％；中间层所用织物预浸料的单层面密度为120g/m2，聚氨酯胶粘剂含量为单层织物预浸料面密度的16wt％。
将48层浸渍聚氨酯的超高分子量聚乙烯无纬布预浸料按照各分体模具大小裁剪铺层，然后置于模具中加热模压成型，脱模切边后得到上分体31、左分体32、右分体33，其中，模压成型压力为15MPa，模具温度为120℃，时间为20min。
将外层11的2层织物预浸料置于头盔模具凹模上，然后将中间层各分体结合处涂覆环氧树脂胶粘剂，拼合得到中间层12，然后放置到外层11的织物预浸料上；最后将内层13织物预浸料置于中间层12上，通过加热模压得到防弹头盔盔体，其中，模压成型压力为10MPa，模具温度为120℃，保压时间为20min。
本实施例防弹头盔盔体的测试数据如表1中所示：
表1本施例防弹头盔盔体的测试数据
Figure BDA0002782619890000041
由表1中的数据可知，与传统的铺层模压制备方法相比，相同条件下的弹击测试结果表明，采用本发明方法制得的防弹头盔盔体受弹击后所产生的凹陷深度明显减小，且1.1g破片V50值有很大提高。可见，本发明方法制备的防弹头盔盔体具有很好的防弹效果。
实施例2、
本实施例防弹头盔盔体包括外层11、中间层12内层13。其中，外层11、内层13分别由2层覆有环氧树脂胶膜的碳纤维平纹织物预浸料复合组成，中间层12由4个分体(前分体41、后分体42、左分体43、右分体44)粘结拼合而成，如图4所示，各分体结合处为台阶式搭接面45，各分体台阶式搭接面45搭接宽度为4mm；各分体由48层浸渍苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的超高分子量聚乙烯无纬布预浸料复合组成；外层11、内层13所用织物预浸料单层面密度为150g/m2，胶膜含量为单层织物预浸料面密度的15wt％；中间层所用织物预浸料单层面密度为150g/m2，聚氨酯胶黏剂含量为单层织物预浸料面密度的20wt％。
将48层浸渍苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的超高分子量聚乙烯无纬布预浸料按照各分体模具大小裁剪铺层，然后置于模具中加热模压成型，脱模切边后得到前分体41、后分体42、左分体43、右分体44，其中，模压成型压力为18MPa，模具温度为128℃，时间为18min。
将外层11的2层织物预浸料置于头盔模具凹模上，然后将中间层各分体结合处涂覆环氧树脂胶粘剂，拼合得到中间层12，然后放置到外层11织物预浸料上；最后将内层13织物预浸料置于中间层12上，通过加热模压得到防弹头盔盔体，其中，压成型压力为20MPa，模具温度为123℃，保压时间为18min。
本实施例防弹头盔盔体的测试数据如表2中所示：
表2本施例防弹头盔盔体的测试数据
Figure BDA0002782619890000051
由表2中的数据可知，与传统的铺层模压制备方法相比，相同条件下的弹击测试结果表明，采用本发明制得防弹头盔盔体受弹击后所产生的凹陷深度明显减小，且1.1g破片V50值有很大提高。可见，本发明方法制备的防弹头盔盔体具有很好的防弹效果。
实施例3、
本实施例防弹头盔盔体包括外层11、中间层12内层13。其中，外层11、内层13分别由2层覆有环氧树脂胶膜的玻璃纤维平纹织物预浸料复合组成；中间层12由5个分体(上分体51、前分体52、后分体53、左分体54、右分体55)粘结拼合而成，如图7所示，各分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面56，各分体斜切面56搭接宽度为7mm；斜切面56角度为60°，各分体由19层覆有酚醛树脂胶膜的芳纶平纹织物预浸料复合组成；外层11、内层13所用织物预浸料单层面密度为200g/m2，胶膜含量为单层织物预浸料面密度的15wt％；中间层所用织物预浸料单层面密度为380g/m2，酚醛树脂胶膜含量为单层织物预浸料面密度的13wt％。
将19层覆有酚醛树脂胶膜的芳纶平纹织物预浸料按照各分体模具大小裁剪铺层，然后置于模具中加热模压成型，脱模切边后得到上分体51、前分体52、后分体53、左分体54、右分体55，其中，模压成型压力为20MPa，模具温度为128℃，时间为20min。
将外层11的2层织物预浸料置于头盔模具凹模上，然后将中间层各分体结合处涂覆环氧树脂胶粘剂，拼合得到中间层12，然后放置到外层11织物预浸料上；最后将内层13织物预浸料置于中间层12上，通过加热模压得到防弹头盔盔体，其中，压成型压力为18MPa，模具温度为130℃，保压时间为15min。
本实施例防弹头盔盔体的测试数据如表3中所示：
表3本施例防弹头盔盔体的测试数据
Figure BDA0002782619890000061
由表3中的数据可知，与传统的铺层模压制备方法相比，相同条件下的弹击测试结果表明，采用本发明制得防弹头盔盔体受弹击后所产生的凹陷深度明显减小，且1.1g破片V50值有很大提高。由表可知，采用本发明制备的防弹头盔盔体具有很好的防弹效果。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

1.一种防弹头盔盔体，由外层、中间层和内层经模压成型得到；
所述外层和所述内层均由1～5层织物预浸料复合而成；
所述中间层由2～7个分体拼接而成，每个分体由15～75层织物预浸料复合而成，所述分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面或台阶式搭接面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：复合形成所述外层、所述中间层和所述内层的每层所述织物预浸料均为覆有胶膜的织物、浸渍胶粘剂的织物或刮涂胶粘剂的织物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：所述胶膜选自苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物胶膜、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物胶膜、聚氨酯胶膜、酚醛树脂胶膜、环氧树脂胶膜、聚乙烯醇缩醛胶膜和丙烯酸酯胶膜中至少一种；
所述胶粘剂选自苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩醛和丙烯酸酯中至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：所述胶膜或所述胶粘剂的含量为每层所述织物预浸料的面密度的10～20％。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：复合形成所述外层和所述内层的每层所述织物预浸料的面密度为100～380g/m2；
复合形成所述中间层的每层所述织物预浸料的面密度为100～380g/m2。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：所述外层和所述内层采用的织物均选自芳纶纤维、超高聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、芳杂环纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维中的至少一种；
所述中间层的各分体采用的织物选自芳纶纤维、超高聚乙烯纤维、PBO纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、芳杂环纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：所述外层、所述内层和所述中间层的各分体采用的织物均为平纹织物、斜纹织物、无纬布织物、经编织物和纬编织物中任一种。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的防弹头盔盔体，其特征在于：所述分体结合处为可搭接的斜切面时，所述斜切面的搭接宽度为5～12mm，所述斜切面的角度为0°～60°；
所述分体结合处为台阶式搭接面时，所述台阶式搭接面的搭接宽度为2～5mm。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项防弹头盔盔体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将复合形成所述中间层的所述织物预浸料按照中间层预设的面密度铺层，将相同面密度的铺层放入各分体模具中模压成型，脱模切边后得到中间层各分体，各分体结合处具有斜切面或台阶式搭接面；
2)将复合形成所述外层的所述织物预浸料置于头盔模具的凹模上，然后在步骤2)得到的中间层各分体结合处涂覆胶粘剂Ⅰ，拼合得到所述中间层，然后放置到复合形成所述外层的所述织物预浸料上；
3)将复合形成所述内层的事实织物预浸料置于所述中间层上，通过加热模压得到防弹头盔盔体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，所述模压成型的条件为：成型压力为5～25MPa，模具温度为100～140℃，保压时间为10～30min；
步骤2)中，所述胶粘剂Ⅰ选自苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩醛和丙烯酸酯中任一种；
步骤3)中，所述模压成型的条件为：成型压力为5～20MPa，模具温度为100～140℃，保压时间为10～25min。
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