CN112427587B - Preparation method of beryllium-copper ring forging - Google Patents
Preparation method of beryllium-copper ring forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112427587B CN112427587B CN201910786200.7A CN201910786200A CN112427587B CN 112427587 B CN112427587 B CN 112427587B CN 201910786200 A CN201910786200 A CN 201910786200A CN 112427587 B CN112427587 B CN 112427587B
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- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical group [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004033 diameter control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a beryllium copper ring forging, which comprises the steps of blanking, heating before forging, punching, ring rolling, solid solution and aging heat treatment. The relation between the height and the diameter of the upset cake is controlled in the same mode according to a preset value, the control of the hole expansion diameter is operated according to the preset value in the hole expansion process, the problem that a riser, an ingot bottom and the surface of the beryllium copper ring piece are cracked in the forging process is solved, finally, the grain size of the ring piece reaches over 4 grade, the electric conductivity of the ring piece body is 22-29% IACS, the product quality is improved, the rejection rate is reduced, and the practical application value is higher compared with the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rolling and forming of annular forgings, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a beryllium copper ring forging.
Background
Beryllium copper is a supersaturated solid solution copper-based alloy and has a series of advantages of high strength, elasticity, hardness, fatigue strength, small elastic hysteresis, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, cold resistance, high conductivity, no magnetism and the like. Beryllium copper is not easy to generate stress corrosion cracking, has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, can be applied to severe working conditions with severe environment, and is commonly used for manufacturing ring pieces.
As beryllium copper is extremely sensitive to heating degree and deformation in the forging process, the temperature control and deformation requirements of the forge piece are different, the heating time before forging and the height control of each firing time are set according to the performance requirements of the beryllium copper ring piece, and the diameter size of the hole expansion of the trestle is controlled, so that the final required requirements of the forge piece are met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the beryllium copper ring forging, which can reduce the crack tendency of the beryllium copper ring, improve the product performance, the quality and the production efficiency, and reduce the cost and the rejection rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a beryllium copper ring forging comprises the following steps:
(1) Blanking: selecting a beryllium copper ingot to be blanked according to the size of a beryllium copper ring product, and chamfering R5mm at two end faces of the blanked blank;
(2) Heating before forging: charging the beryllium copper ingot obtained by blanking into a furnace, wherein the temperature in the furnace is less than or equal to 50 ℃, paving heat preservation cotton at the bottom of the electric furnace in advance, then loading the ingot into the furnace, placing the ingot on the heat preservation cotton, and forbidding the ingot to be in direct contact with a hearth sizing block; after the charging is finished, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 600 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, and then the temperature is kept for 2h; then raising the temperature to 780-790 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 12h, and then discharging from the furnace for forging; baking the upper and lower flat anvils and clamping the jaw to 300 ℃;
(3) Forging: upsetting the heated beryllium copper cast ingot, drawing out the beryllium copper cast ingot after upsetting, and upsetting for the second time after drawing out the beryllium copper cast ingot;
(4) Punching: charging and heating the beryllium copper blank subjected to secondary upsetting into a furnace, heating to 780-790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and sequentially performing hexagonal pressing, chamfering, upper and lower end face flattening, rounding, end face flattening, punching and trestle reaming;
(5) Ring rolling: putting the blank with the hole expanded on the trestle into a furnace, heating to 770-780 ℃, and preserving heat for 4.5h; preheating a core roller, a main roller, a guide roller and a conical roller of a ring rolling machine in advance until the local appearance is dark red, and rolling the ring until the size of a beryllium copper ring forging blank is reached;
(6) Solid solution: charging the beryllium copper ring forging blank at room temperature, heating the blank to 780-790 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, then rapidly cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is less than 25 ℃, and cooling until the surface temperature of the beryllium copper ring forging blank reaches the room temperature;
(7) Aging heat treatment: and (3) processing the beryllium copper ring forging blank subjected to the solution treatment to the size of the drawing, then carrying out aging treatment, keeping the temperature at 180-220 ℃ and 300-320 ℃ for 2h respectively, discharging from the furnace, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished beryllium copper ring forging.
Furthermore, the Be content of the beryllium copper ingot in the step (1) is below 2.2%.
Further, the heating time before the trestle broaching forging is as follows: t = b × (1.5 to 2.0); wherein t is heating time, unit: min; b is wall thickness, unit: mm.
Further, the upset heightThe degree and the diameter are controlled according to preset values:
(ii) a Wherein, H is the forging stock height, and d is the forging stock diameter, the unit: mm.
Further, the forging deformation amount in the step (4) is required to be: the first fire time and the last fire time are less than or equal to 30mm in pressure drop, and the middle fire time is less than or equal to 50mm in pressure drop.
Further, the punching diameter control in the step (4) is controlled according to preset values as follows:
and D is the external diameter of the beryllium copper blank subjected to secondary upsetting, and the unit is as follows: mm.
Further, the ring rolling machine in the step (5) adopts a RAM3500 ring rolling machine.
Further, the ring rolling mill in the step (5) is preset with target size phi 850mm phi 710mm phi 135mm, and density setting: 8.25kg/dm 3 The linear expansion coefficient is 18 per mill.
Has the advantages that: according to the size requirement of the beryllium copper ring piece, selecting a corresponding beryllium copper ingot, heating the ingot to a preset temperature for upsetting, drawing out and secondary upsetting, punching, trestle reaming and ring rolling to obtain a beryllium copper ring forging blank, and performing solution treatment, processing and aging treatment to obtain a final beryllium copper ring forging finished product. The preset value of the heating time before forging is controlled in the same mode in the forging process, the relation between the drawing height and the upsetting diameter is controlled in the same mode according to the preset value, and the reaming diameter of the trestle is controlled according to the upsetting section in the preset value. According to the invention, by controlling the heating time of the beryllium-copper alloy before forging and the height of the ring piece, the height and the deformation of the ring blank are effectively controlled, the cracking problem caused by unreasonable control of the heating degree and the size is reduced, the product performance is more stable and excellent, the production cost is reduced, and the product percent of pass is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the upsetting structure in the preparation method of the beryllium copper ring forging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a trestle reaming structure in the method for manufacturing the beryllium copper ring forging.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, different preset heating time values are set in the trestle reaming link before forging according to different thicknesses of the beryllium copper forging:
t = bx (1.5 to 2.0) formula (1),
wherein t is heating time, unit: min; b is wall thickness, unit: mm.
Setting the relation between the upsetting height and the diameter according to the height of the beryllium copper piece forge piece:
wherein H is the height of the beryllium copper forging stock, d is the diameter of the beryllium copper forging stock, and the unit is as follows: mm.
In a trestle reaming link, according to the section size of a beryllium copper piece, controlling the diameter of a punched hole by adopting a preset value:
wherein, H is the beryllium copper forging stock height, and D is beryllium copper forging stock diameter, unit: mm.
And in the ring rolling section, the size of the ring rolling is controlled to be +20mm.
Therefore, the reaming size of the metal piece trestle with the preset value is obtained, the sizes of the inner hole and the outer hole required by the forge piece can be obtained after reaming, and the forging size requirement is met.
Example 1
A preparation method of a beryllium copper ring forging comprises the following steps: the size of the forging is as follows: Φ 1980 mm. Times.Φ 1915 mm. Times.380 mm. The method comprises the steps of blanking, heating before forging, punching, ring rolling, solid solution and aging heat treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Blanking: selecting a beryllium copper ingot with phi 480mm multiplied by 1120mm according to the size of a product, wherein the Be content of the beryllium copper ingot is below 2.2%, blanking the beryllium copper ingot, sawing the head part by 70mm, and sawing the tail part by 20mm;
(2) Heating before forging: charging the discharged beryllium copper ingot at room temperature, wherein the furnace temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃, paving heat preservation cotton at the bottom of the electric furnace in advance, then loading the ingot into the furnace, placing the ingot on the heat preservation cotton, and forbidding the ingot to be in direct contact with a bottom iron pad; raising the furnace temperature to 600 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 2h, then heating to 780 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 12h, and discharging; baking the upper and lower flat anvils and the jaw to 300 ℃;
(3) Forging: upsetting the heated beryllium copper cast ingot, drawing out after upsetting, and upsetting for the second time after drawing out; as can be seen from the formula (2), the bottom surface diameter Φ =600mm when the height H =650mm is upset; the height of the screw is 30mm, 40mm and 40mm in sequence;
(4) Punching: the beryllium copper blank after the secondary upsetting is charged into a furnace and heated, the temperature is raised to 780 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, the blank is discharged from the furnace, hexagonal, chamfered, flattened on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, rounded and flattened on the end surface, and then the blank is punched, wherein the punching diameter phi is 200-300 mm, and the punching diameter is determined to be 280mm according to the field condition as shown in the formula (3); then reaming to H =470mm, d =800mm and D =1050mm by using a core rod trestle with the specification of phi 280mm;
(5) Ring grinding: after reaming the trestle, putting the blank into a furnace, heating to 770-780 ℃, and preserving heat for 4.5h; preheating a core roller of a ring rolling mill, a main roller, a guide roller and a conical roller until the local appearance is dark red, and rolling the ring until the size of a forged piece is phi 2020mm multiplied by phi 1890mm multiplied by 430 mm;
(6) Solid solution: charging the beryllium copper ring forging blank at room temperature, heating the blank to 780 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, rapidly cooling by water, cooling the water to 23 ℃, cooling to the surface temperature of 22 ℃ of the beryllium copper ring forging blank, and finishing solid solution and water cooling;
(7) Aging heat treatment: the beryllium copper ring forging blank after the solution treatment is firstly processed to phi 1980mm multiplied by phi 1915mm multiplied by 380mm, and then the aging treatment is carried out, and the charging temperature is 45 ℃. Keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ and 320 ℃ for 2h respectively, discharging the alloy from the furnace, and cooling the alloy to room temperature in the air to obtain a beryllium copper ring forging finished product.
And (3) performing performance test on the beryllium copper ring forging, wherein the grain size is grade 6, and the body conductivity is 28.5 IACS, and meets the standard requirement.
Example 2
A preparation method of a beryllium copper ring forging comprises the following steps: the size of the forging is as follows: phi 1600mm x phi 1540mm x 380mm. The method comprises the steps of blanking, heating before forging, punching, ring rolling, solid solution and aging heat treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Blanking: beryllium copper cast ingots with the diameter of phi 750mm multiplied by 920mm are selected to be blanked according to the size of the product, the head part is sawed for 70mm, and the tail part is sawed for 20mm;
(2) Heating before forging: charging the beryllium copper ingot obtained by blanking at room temperature, wherein the temperature in the charging furnace is less than or equal to 50 ℃, paving heat preservation cotton on the bottom of the electric furnace in advance, then loading the ingot, placing the ingot on the heat preservation cotton, and forbidding the ingot to be in direct contact with a bottom iron pad; raising the furnace temperature to 600 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 2h, then heating to 780 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 12h, and discharging;
(3) Forging: upsetting the heated cast ingot, drawing out the cast ingot after upsetting, and performing secondary upsetting after drawing out; as can be seen from the formula (2), the bottom surface diameter Φ =680mm when the height was increased to H =515 mm; the height of the screw is 30mm, 20mm and 10mm respectively;
(4) Punching: the beryllium copper blank after the secondary upsetting is charged into a furnace and heated, the temperature is raised to 780 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6H, the blank is discharged from the furnace, hexagonal shape, chamfering, upper and lower end surfaces are leveled, rounding and end surface flattening are sequentially carried out, then punching is carried out, as can be seen from formula (3), the punching diameter phi is 260-340mm, a phi 280mm punch is used for punching, and then a saddle reaming H =490mm, d =850mm and D =1100mm with the specification of phi 280mm are used;
(5) Ring rolling: after reaming the trestle, putting the blank into a furnace, heating to 780 ℃, and preserving heat for 4.5 hours; preheating a core roller of a ring rolling mill, a main roller, a guide roller and a conical roller until the local appearance is dark red, and rolling the ring until the size of a forged piece is phi 1620mm multiplied by phi 1485mm multiplied by 470 mm;
(6) Solid solution: charging the beryllium copper ring forging blank at room temperature, heating the blank to 780 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, rapidly cooling by water, cooling the water to 25 ℃, and cooling to the surface temperature of 23 ℃ of the beryllium copper ring forging blank to finish solid solution and water cooling;
(7) Aging heat treatment: the beryllium copper ring forging blank after the solution treatment is firstly processed to phi 1600mm multiplied by phi 1540mm multiplied by 380mm and then subjected to aging treatment, and the charging temperature is 48 ℃. Keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ and 320 ℃ for 2h respectively, discharging the alloy from the furnace, and cooling the alloy to room temperature in the air to obtain a beryllium copper ring forging finished product.
And (3) performing performance test on the beryllium copper ring forging, wherein the grain size is 6 grade, and the conductivity of the body is 28 IACS, and the beryllium copper ring forging meets the standard requirement.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the beryllium copper ring forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Blanking: selecting a beryllium copper ingot to carry out blanking according to the size of a beryllium copper ring product, chamfering R5mm at two end faces of the blanked blank, wherein the Be content of the beryllium copper ingot is below 2.2%;
(2) Heating before forging: charging the beryllium copper ingot obtained by blanking into a furnace, wherein the temperature in the furnace is less than or equal to 50 ℃, laying heat preservation cotton on the bottom of the electric furnace in advance, then filling the ingot, placing the ingot on the heat preservation cotton, and forbidding the ingot to be in direct contact with a bottom iron pad; after the charging is finished, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 600 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, and then the temperature is kept for 2h; then raising the temperature to 780-790 ℃ at a speed of 100 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 12h, discharging from the furnace, forging, baking the upper and lower flat anvils, and clamping the jaw to 300 ℃;
(3) Forging: upsetting the heated beryllium copper ingot, drawing out after upsetting, and performing secondary upsetting after drawing out, wherein the upsetting height and diameter are controlled according to preset values:
wherein, H is the forging stock height, and d is the forging stock diameter, the unit: mm, the forging deformation requirement is as follows: the first fire time and the last fire time are pressed down by less than or equal to 30mm, and the middle fire time is pressed down by less than or equal to 50mm;
(4) Punching: the beryllium copper blank after the secondary upsetting is charged into a furnace and heated, and the temperature is increased to 780 DEGAnd (3) keeping the temperature at 790 ℃ for 6 hours, discharging the steel plate, sequentially pressing a hexagon, chamfering, flattening the upper end face and the lower end face, rounding, flattening the end face, punching, expanding a hole on a trestle, and controlling the diameter of the punched hole to be controlled according to preset values:
wherein D is the external diameter of the beryllium copper blank after the secondary upsetting, and the unit is as follows: mm; heating time before trestle reaming forging: t = b × (1.5 to 2.0), where t is the heating time in units of: min; b is wall thickness, unit: mm;
(5) Ring rolling: putting the beryllium copper blank with the hole expanded on the trestle into a furnace, heating to 770-780 ℃, and preserving heat for 4.5h; preheating a core roller, a main roller, a guide roller and a conical roller of a ring rolling machine in advance until the local appearance is dark red, and rolling the ring until the size of a beryllium copper ring forging blank is reached;
(6) Solid solution: charging a beryllium copper ring forging blank at room temperature, heating to 780-790 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h after charging, keeping the temperature for 4h, then rapidly cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is less than 25 ℃, and cooling to the temperature of the surface of the beryllium copper ring forging blank to room temperature;
(7) Aging heat treatment: and (3) processing the blank of the beryllium copper ring forging after the solution treatment, carrying out aging treatment after the blank is processed to the size of the drawing, carrying out furnace charging at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature at 180-220 ℃ and 300-320 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then discharging the blank from the furnace, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product of the beryllium copper ring forging.
2. The method for preparing a beryllium copper ring forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ring rolling mill in step (5) is a RAM3500 ring rolling mill.
3. The method for preparing a beryllium copper ring forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ring rolling mill in the step (5) is preset with a target size of
Setting the density: 8.25kg/dm 3 The linear expansion coefficient is 18 per mill.
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