CN112427446A - Method for arranging discontinuous PRB (reactive resource blocks) reaction columns - Google Patents
Method for arranging discontinuous PRB (reactive resource blocks) reaction columns Download PDFInfo
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- CN112427446A CN112427446A CN202011273882.0A CN202011273882A CN112427446A CN 112427446 A CN112427446 A CN 112427446A CN 202011273882 A CN202011273882 A CN 202011273882A CN 112427446 A CN112427446 A CN 112427446A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for arranging discontinuous PRB reaction columns, which comprises the following steps: a. calculating the space, thickness, row number and height of the reaction columns; b. selecting a medium reaction material of the reaction column; c. digging pipe wells according to the calculated spacing, thickness, row number and height of the reaction columns, and filling the medium reaction materials in the pipe wells to form the reaction columns; d. the arrangement of all the reaction columns is completed. The invention has the advantages that: on the premise of not influencing the repairing effect, the construction cost is effectively reduced, and the constructability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental geotechnics, in particular to a method for arranging a discontinuous PRB reaction column.
Background
Permeable reactive technology (PRB) is an effective in-situ remediation technology of groundwater pollution that has been rapidly developed in recent years. The PRB technology does not need an external force device, the reaction rate of the active medium is very low, the restoration effect can be exerted for a long time, the disturbance to the ecological environment is small, no cost is needed except for large one-time investment and long-term monitoring, and the fitness is high for a reclamation site.
In the field of conventional groundwater remediation, PRB is gradually replacing extraction treatment technology with high operation cost, and becomes groundwater pollution in-situ remediation technology with the most development potential. The PRB technology is a pollution treatment technology for intercepting, blocking and remedying a pollutant plume in situ in a broad sense.
However, the general PRB technology requires trenching construction, and has the disadvantages of high cost, difficult construction, high blindness, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for arranging the discontinuous PRB reaction columns according to the defects of the prior art, and the reaction columns are selected to replace reaction walls, so that the construction cost is effectively reduced and the constructability is improved on the premise of not influencing the repair effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for arranging discontinuous PRB reaction columns is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. calculating the space, thickness, row number and height of the reaction columns;
b. selecting a medium reaction material of the reaction column;
c. digging pipe wells according to the calculated spacing, thickness, row number and height of the reaction columns, and filling the medium reaction materials in the pipe wells to form the reaction columns;
d. the arrangement of all the reaction columns is completed.
The reaction columns are spaced at intervals of not less than 1m and not more than 3 m.
The calculation formula of the thickness of the reaction column is as follows:B=vtwherein, in the step (A),Bis the thickness of the reaction column,vis the flow velocity of the underground water,tis the hydraulic retention time.
The calculation formula of the groundwater flow speed is as follows:v=kiwherein, in the step (A),vin order to be the flow rate of the groundwater,kis the permeability coefficient of the soil and is,ithe permeability coefficient of the soil and the value of the unit hydraulic gradient are both obtained by field measurement or looking up hydrogeological data.
The calculation formula of the hydraulic retention time ist=nt 0.5 u 1 u 2R, wherein,tfor the said hydraulic retention time, the hydraulic retention time,nthe number of half-lives required to restore the contaminant concentration to environmental standards,t 0.5is the half-life of the contaminants,u 1the temperature correction factor is 2.0-2.5,u 2the density correction factor is 1.5-2.0, R is a safety factor, and the safety factor is 2.0-3.0.
The rows of the reaction columns are arranged according to the permeability of the soil layer.
The height of the reaction column depends on the buried depth and thickness of the impermeable or weakly permeable layer.
The medium reaction material comprises a reduction type medium material and an adsorption type medium material, and the wall of the pipe well is made of one of PVC or UPVC.
The invention has the advantages that: on the premise of not influencing the repairing effect, the construction cost is effectively reduced, and the constructability is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow field analysis of a discontinuous reaction column group according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a display table showing the number of rows of reaction columns in different soil layers;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the migration simulation result of the pollution plume before the reaction column is installed according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the migration simulation result of the pollution plume after the reaction column is installed according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a reaction column of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a reaction column of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
as shown in fig. 1-6, the scores are represented as: the device comprises a reaction column 1, a medium reaction material 2, a tube well 3, clay balls 4, a capture range A and a capture blind area B.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1-6, the present embodiment relates to a method for arranging non-continuous PRB reaction columns, which includes the following steps:
a. calculating the distance, the thickness, the row number and the height of the reaction columns 1;
b. selecting a medium reaction material of the reaction column 1;
c. as shown in fig. 5, the construction is performed according to the following procedures based on the calculated pitch, thickness, number of rows and height of the reaction columns 1:
(1) making a plane graph according to the calculation result, and acquiring the coordinates or longitude and latitude of each reaction cylinder;
(2) placing and positioning by using a theodolite according to the longitude and latitude and the coordinates of the reaction cylinder;
(3) drilling by adopting a professional engineering drilling machine, digging a plurality of well mouths, filling filter materials into the square wells 3 below the well mouths, and forming wells (columns);
(4) the clay ball 4 is sealed and filled to protect the deep filter material, and the tissue impurities enter the reaction cylinder;
(5) filling a medium reaction material 2 to finally form a reaction column 1;
wherein, the medium reaction material 2 is used for providing reaction material and degrading pollutants; the pipe well 3 is a tubular main component of a well (column); the clay ball 4 is used for protecting the column body;
d. the arrangement of all the reaction columns 1 is completed.
The non-continuous permeable reactive column has the obvious defect that a capture blind area is obvious. As shown in FIG. 1, the larger the number of rows of reaction columns 1, the smaller the pitch of the reaction columns 1, and the smaller the dead zone B. Therefore, in theory, when the reaction columns 1 are sufficiently dense or the number of rows of the reaction columns 1 is sufficiently large, the trapping dead zone B is negligible. Therefore, the design of the essentially discontinuous permeable reaction column is the comprehensive evaluation result of the space of the reaction columns 1, the row number of the reaction columns 1 and the construction cost.
The reaction column 1 adopts quincunx arrangement, which can effectively improve the capture efficiency of the reaction column 1 to pollution feathers. In addition, the distance between the reaction columns 1 is preferably close enough to capture the pollution plume, but the distance between the reaction columns 1 is preferably designed to be combined with practical construction conditions, for example, the distance is not too close in silty soil, and hole collapse is likely to cause hole string phenomenon during construction, the minimum distance between the columns is preferably designed according to different site specific conditions, and is not less than 1m, and when the distance between the reaction columns 1 is too large, more rows of permeable reaction columns 1 need to be arranged, so that the cost is high, and the distance between the reaction columns 1 is not more than 3 m.
The thickness of the reaction column 1 is mainly determined by the groundwater flow velocity and the hydraulic retention time. Specifically, the calculation formula of the thickness (diameter) of the reaction column 1 is:B=vtwherein, in the step (A),Bis the thickness (diameter) of the reaction column 1 in cm;vis the groundwater flow speed, which is expressed in cm/s;tthe hydraulic retention time is given in units of s.
Groundwater flow rate in this example: (v) It means the average flow rate of groundwater through the reaction column 1, which is mainly determined by the porosity of the reaction medium and the permeability coefficient of the aquifer. Without an actual measured flow rate, the groundwater flow rate is determined from the permeability coefficient of the soil and the unit hydraulic gradient. In particular, of groundwater flow rateThe calculation formula is as follows:v=kiwherein, in the step (A),vis groundwater flow rate;kthe permeability coefficient of the soil;iis the unit hydraulic gradient. The permeability coefficient of the soil and the value of the unit hydraulic gradient can be obtained by field measurement or looking up hydrogeological data.
In this example, the hydraulic retention time: (t) The reaction time required for repairing the contaminants, i.e., the residence time of the contaminant plume in the reaction column 1, is the maximum time for repairing the contaminants in the mixed contaminants. Specifically, the residence time (hydraulic residence time) of the contaminant plume in the reaction column 1t) Mainly determined by the Half-life (Half-life) of the contaminants and the initial concentration when flowing into the reaction column 1. Because the concentration distribution of the underground water pollutants on the site is not uniform, the maximum concentration value of the pollutants is generally calculated during design based on the safety and durability consideration of engineering. In addition, factors such as temperature, reaction medium density, and engineering safety are also considered. The concrete calculation formula of the hydraulic retention time is as follows:t=nt 0.5 u 1 u 2r, wherein,tthe hydraulic retention time;nthe number of half-lives required to restore the contaminant concentration to environmental standards;t 0.5the half-life of the pollutant is determined by an indoor cylinder test;u 1the temperature of the factor is used as a temperature correction factor, the reaction rate of the factor is mainly influenced by an Allen equation, and can be 2.0-2.5, specifically, when the temperature is more than 25 ℃,u 1taking 2.5, when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃,u 1taking 2.0, when the temperature is between 20 and 25 ℃,u 1linear interpolation (2.0-2.5) is taken;u 2the density correction factor mainly influences the permeability coefficient of the reaction medium and can be 1.5-2.0; r is a safety factor, and can be 2.0-3.0.
The design of the row number of the reaction columns 1 is difficult to calculate by theory, the reaction columns 1 remove pollutants by means of the pollution plume capture capacity caused by the difference between the permeability coefficient of the columns and the surrounding soil body, and the larger the permeability coefficient of the column material is, the stronger the pollution plume capture capacity is. As shown in FIG. 2, the permeability coefficient of the reaction columns in the cohesive soil layer can reach 10-100 times of that of the surrounding soil body, and at the moment, 1-2 rows of permeable reaction columns 1 can be arranged to complete the capture of the pollution plume. In a soil layer (silty soil) with good permeability, the permeability coefficient of the reaction columns can only reach 2-10 times of that of the surrounding soil body, and at the moment, 2-3 rows of reaction columns 1 are required to complete the capture of pollutants. In a soil layer (sandy soil) with better permeability, the permeability coefficient of the reaction columns can only reach 1-2 times of that of a peripheral soil body, and at the moment, 4-6 rows of reaction columns 1 are required to complete the capture of pollutants.
The height of the reaction column 1 is mainly determined by the buried depth and thickness of the impermeable or weakly permeable layer. Specifically, the bottom end of the reaction column 1 is embedded into a water-impermeable layer of at least 0.60m to prevent the pollutant plume from being subjected to bottom permeation and flowing to the downstream area.
As shown in fig. 6, a soil-water sampling point and a monitoring point are further arranged on the temporary pollution range of the soil body, and are used for sampling the soil body and water in the temporary pollution range of the soil body, so that the soil body and the water can be conveniently monitored.
In the aspect of quantitative design, finite element numerical software (such as GMS or Comsol) can be adopted to complete specific working condition design, and migration simulation results of the designed thickness (diameter) of the reaction column 1 and the designed distance (combined with construction conditions) of the reaction column 1 under specific site conditions (pollution source strength, specific flow field conditions and the like) are obtained. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the concentration of the core pollution area in a certain site is 600ug/L (standard of standard is 300 ug/L), the half-life period of a permeable reactive material for degrading the organic substances is 19 hours after indoor experimental analysis, the minimum thickness of the reaction column 1 is 200mm according to the formula, and the maximum concentration of the downstream is not more than 300ug/L after the double-row reaction column 1 is designed, which indicates the effectiveness of the double-row reaction column 1.
The medium reaction material 2 comprises a reduction type medium material and an adsorption type medium material. The reducing type medium material is a reducing agent, mainly comprises zero-valent iron, Fe (II) minerals and double metals, and mainly utilizes the reducibility of the reducing type medium material to perform oxidation-reduction reaction with inorganic ions and organic matters in underground water so as to separate out the inorganic ions from the water as simple substances or insoluble compounds; organic matters which are difficult to biodegrade or not are reduced into simple organic matters which can be biodegraded or are easy to biodegrade, so that the underground water environment is improved. The adsorption type medium material is an adsorbent, such as granular activated carbon, turfy soil, zeolite, bentonite, fly ash, hydroxide of iron, aluminosilicate and the like, the reaction mechanism is that the adsorption property of the adsorption type medium material is mainly utilized, the purpose of removing pollutants is achieved through adsorption and ion exchange, and the adsorption type medium material has good removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal. In addition, the wall of the pipe well 3 is mainly made of PVC or UPVC material or other materials meeting the specification requirements.
Although the conception and the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims, and therefore, they are not to be considered repeated herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for arranging discontinuous PRB reaction columns is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. calculating the space, thickness, row number and height of the reaction columns;
b. selecting a medium reaction material of the reaction column;
c. digging pipe wells according to the calculated spacing, thickness, row number and height of the reaction columns, and filling the medium reaction materials in the pipe wells to form the reaction columns;
d. the arrangement of all the reaction columns is completed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the reaction columns are spaced at intervals of not less than 1m and not more than 3 m.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the calculation formula of the thickness of the reaction column is as follows:B=vtwherein, in the step (A),Bis that it isThe thickness of the reaction column is determined,vis the flow velocity of the underground water,tis the hydraulic retention time.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the calculation formula of the groundwater flow speed is as follows:v=kiwherein, in the step (A),vin order to be the flow rate of the groundwater,kis the permeability coefficient of the soil and is,ithe permeability coefficient of the soil and the value of the unit hydraulic gradient are both obtained by field measurement or looking up hydrogeological data.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the calculation formula of the hydraulic retention time ist=nt 0.5 u 1 u 2R, wherein,tfor the said hydraulic retention time, the hydraulic retention time,nthe number of half-lives required to restore the contaminant concentration to environmental standards,t 0.5is the half-life of the contaminants,u 1the temperature correction factor is 2.0-2.5,u 2the density correction factor is 1.5-2.0, R is a safety factor, and the safety factor is 2.0-3.0.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the rows of the reaction columns are arranged according to the permeability of the soil layer.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the height of the reaction column depends on the buried depth and thickness of the impermeable or weakly permeable layer.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the medium reaction material comprises a reduction type medium material and an adsorption type medium material, and the wall of the pipe well is made of one of PVC or UPVC.
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