CN112421632B - Nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method - Google Patents

Nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method Download PDF

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CN112421632B
CN112421632B CN202011242344.5A CN202011242344A CN112421632B CN 112421632 B CN112421632 B CN 112421632B CN 202011242344 A CN202011242344 A CN 202011242344A CN 112421632 B CN112421632 B CN 112421632B
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current
grid
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power grid
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CN112421632A (en
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蒋秀
钟竟成
闻建中
罗益荣
高垣
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Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution networks, in particular to a nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method, which comprises the following steps: s1: collecting and analyzing operation data of a power grid system; s2: judging whether the power grid system is abnormal or not according to the operation data, if so, entering a step S3, and if not, ending; s3: a plurality of small power generation devices are integrated into a power grid system, and the power grid system is controlled and regulated; s4: detecting output current pulsation of a grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of a power grid system and small-sized power generation equipment, and compensating pulsation power components of grid-connected current; s5: and carrying out harmonic compensation on the power grid system by utilizing a plurality of small power generation devices. According to the invention, the voltage and the power of the power grid system are controlled and regulated simultaneously, and the harmonic compensation is carried out by utilizing the small power generation equipment, so that the dynamic response of the small power generation equipment to the DC bus voltage is improved, and the stability of the power grid system is further improved.

Description

Nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution networks, in particular to a nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method.
Background
The harmonic wave in the power grid system mainly comes from various self-generating devices and electric equipment, the magnetic field generated by the self-generating devices cannot be standard sine waves, therefore, the voltage waveform generated by the generator cannot be undistorted sine waves, the current self-generating devices in China are two main types, namely a non-salient pole machine and a salient pole machine, the non-salient pole machine is mainly used for thermal power generation, the salient pole machine is mainly used for hydroelectric power generation, the sine wave of the non-salient pole machine is superior to the sine wave of the salient pole machine, when the terminal voltage of the generator is higher than 10% of rated voltage, the magnetic saturation of the motor can obviously increase the third harmonic wave of the voltage, and when the voltage of the power supply side of the transformer exceeds 10% of rated voltage, the third harmonic of the secondary side voltage is obviously increased, but because the deviation amplitude of the power grid voltage is below 7%, harmonic components generated by power generation equipment are smaller, and the power grid voltage waveform quality can be influenced by the power equipment, especially nonlinear power equipment is a main harmonic source of the current power grid, the nonlinear power equipment is mainly heating equipment such as an arc furnace, an electric welding machine and the like, alternating current rectifying power equipment such as an electrolysis device, an electroplating device and the like, inverter power equipment such as a variable frequency speed regulating device, a variable frequency air conditioner and the like, and switching power supply equipment such as a television, a computer and the like, the harmonic components generated by the equipment are different, and the equipment has larger harmonic influence on a local low-voltage power grid.
To solve the above problems, chinese patent CN105870975B discloses a micro-grid structure and a power quality control method thereof, the micro-grid including a plurality of distributed micro-sources and a common bus; the distributed micro-sources are connected to a public bus through corresponding feeder lines, the distributed micro-sources are respectively connected with a nonlinear load and a linear load, and the public bus is connected with the nonlinear load and the linear load; the first switch is connected with the isolation transformer in parallel and controls the input state of the compensating inverter; a static switch is arranged at the public connection point; the static switch is a selection switch, and the selection end of the static switch corresponds to the large power grid side and the grounding end respectively; the micro-grid is in a grid-connected operation mode initially, and the compensating inverter is connected with the large power grid in series through an isolation transformer; in a grid-connected operation mode, the distributed micro-source adopts a P/Q control strategy based on grid voltage orientation; in a grid-connected operation mode, the compensation inverter control comprises harmonic compensation control and public connection point power quality control, the compensation command voltage is the sum of the compensation command voltage under the harmonic compensation control and the compensation command voltage under the public connection point power quality adjustment mode, and the voltage tracking is performed by adopting a PI+ repeated control strategy; when the electric energy quality of the large power grid does not meet the requirement, the island operation mode is entered, the compensation inverter is connected with the micro power grid in parallel, and the function of the parallel active power filter is realized. However, when the scheme is in grid-connected operation, current pulsation can be caused, and nonlinear loads in the power grid can generate low-order harmonics, which still can influence the stability of the power grid and the power supply quality of the power grid, and influence the electricity utilization experience.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method which is high in stability and can effectively control the running stability of a power grid system.
In the technical scheme, the harmonic compensation control method of the nonlinear load power grid comprises the following steps of:
s1: collecting and analyzing operation data of a power grid system;
s2: judging whether the power grid system is abnormal or not according to the operation data, if so, entering a step S3, and if not, ending;
s3: a plurality of small power generation devices are integrated into a power grid system, and the power grid system is controlled and regulated;
s4: detecting output current pulsation of a grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of a power grid system and small-sized power generation equipment, and compensating pulsation power components of grid-connected current;
s5: and carrying out harmonic compensation on the power grid system by utilizing a plurality of small power generation devices.
According to the scheme, the pulsating power generated in the grid connection process of the power grid system and the small power generation equipment is compensated, so that the problem of harmonic wave in the power grid system can be solved, the problem of current pulsation in the grid connection process is solved, the power supply stability of the power grid system is integrally improved, and the electricity consumption experience of residents is greatly improved.
Further, the operation data in the step S1 includes three-phase load current, voltage and frequency in the power grid system.
Further, in the step S3, the power grid system is controlled and regulated by the relationship between the voltage and the power of the dc bus under the off-grid operation of the small-sized power generation device, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002768845680000021
wherein ,Udc Is the voltage of the DC bus side, P dc Absorb power for DC bus side, C dc Is a direct current bus side capacitor.
Further, in the step S4, the detection of the output current pulsation of the grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of the grid system and the small-sized power generation device is mainly to detect the current reference value change caused by the abrupt change of the supply power and the load power in the grid-connected transient process, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002768845680000031
Figure BDA0002768845680000032
wherein ,Δid and Δiq As a direct current component generated during a transient,
Figure BDA0002768845680000033
and />
Figure BDA0002768845680000034
Is the current reference value, i d and iq Is a two-phase current. Therefore, the dynamic response speed of the small power generation equipment to the power grid current can be greatly improved.
Further, the pulsating power component of the grid-connected current is compensated for by the small power generation device charging and discharging in step S4.
Further, in the step S4, the output current of the grid system is used as a current reference value, and the current reference value is used to calculate the compensation power, so as to offset the grid current pulsation generated by the low harmonic wave and compensate the pulsation power component of the grid-connected current.
Further, in step S4, the compensation power is calculated by using the current reference value, specifically, the grid current is decomposed into an average current component and a high-frequency current component by a low-pass filter, and then the compensation power is calculated by the following specific formula:
Figure BDA0002768845680000035
Figure BDA0002768845680000036
Figure BDA0002768845680000037
Figure BDA0002768845680000038
Figure BDA0002768845680000039
Figure BDA00027688456800000310
wherein ,
Figure BDA00027688456800000311
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000312
For the reference value of the mains current, < >>
Figure BDA00027688456800000313
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000314
For the average current component>
Figure BDA00027688456800000315
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000316
For high-frequency current components, ">
Figure BDA00027688456800000317
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000318
High-frequency pulsating current component P generated for low-order harmonic SC_Ripple For pulsating power, P SC_Total For total compensation power, +.>
Figure BDA00027688456800000319
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000320
For the average current component>
Figure BDA00027688456800000321
For the current component generated during transients, +.>
Figure BDA00027688456800000322
E is a high frequency current component d and eq For the two-phase voltage of the power network system, i d and iq Is the grid system current.
Further, the compensation capacity difference calculation is further performed after step S4, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002768845680000041
wherein ,SCi For the total compensation power that the ith small power generation equipment needs to bear in the condition of enough compensation capacity, S ni Rated capacity of i-th small-sized power generating equipment, P i Active power of i-th small power generating equipment, Q i Reactive power for the i-th small-sized power generation equipment. The small power generation equipment is connected with the power grid, the load and the power supply are asymmetric at the same time, the small power generation equipment intermittently participates in grid-connected power generation, single-phase small power generation equipment with a harmonic compensation function is connected with the regional power grid, harmonic current is regulated by using the small power generation equipment, and the capacity of different small power generation equipment participating in harmonic compensation is different.
Further, in the step S5, two phase lines of the small-sized power generation equipment are connected to the power grid system, the small-sized power generation equipment is intermittently connected to the grid for power generation, and harmonic current distribution of a line at the upstream of the access point is changed for harmonic current compensation.
Further, the small-sized power generation device is a single-phase small-sized power generation device having a harmonic compensation function.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are that:
(1) The direct current bus power control is added, and the dynamic response of the small power generation equipment to the direct current bus voltage is improved through the feedback of the direct current bus power, so that the stability of a power grid is improved;
(2) The pulsating power generated by the grid connection of the small power generation equipment is compensated, and then the harmonic compensation of the power grid system is performed by utilizing the small power generation equipment, so that the stability of the power grid system is integrally improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship depicted in the drawings is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "long", "short", etc., based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, this is merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and is not an indication or suggestion that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and that it is possible for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the specific meaning of the terms described above according to specific circumstances.
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:
examples
Fig. 1 is a harmonic control method of a nonlinear load power grid, comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting and analyzing operation data of a power grid system;
s2: judging whether the power grid system is abnormal or not according to the operation data, if so, entering a step S3, and if not, ending;
s3: a plurality of small power generation devices are integrated into a power grid system, and the power grid system is controlled and regulated;
s4: detecting output current pulsation of a grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of a power grid system and small-sized power generation equipment, and compensating pulsation power components of grid-connected current;
s5: and carrying out harmonic compensation on the power grid system by utilizing a plurality of small power generation devices.
The operation data in step S1 in this embodiment includes three-phase load current, voltage, frequency in the grid system.
In step S3 in the embodiment, the power grid system is controlled and regulated by the relationship between the voltage and the power of the dc bus under off-grid operation of the small-sized power generation device, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002768845680000051
wherein ,Udc Is the voltage of the DC bus side, P dc Absorb power for DC bus side, C dc Is a direct current bus side capacitor.
In step S4 in this embodiment, the detection of output current pulsation of the grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of the grid system and the small-sized power generation device is mainly used for detecting current reference value change caused by abrupt change of supply power and load power in the grid-connected transient process, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002768845680000052
Figure BDA0002768845680000053
wherein ,Δid and Δiq As a direct current component generated during a transient,
Figure BDA0002768845680000054
and />
Figure BDA0002768845680000055
Is the current reference value, i d and iq Is a two-phase current. Therefore, the dynamic response speed of the small power generation equipment to the power grid current can be greatly improved.
In this embodiment, the pulsating power component of the grid-connected current is compensated for by the small power generation device in step S4.
In step S4 in this embodiment, the output current of the grid system is used as a current reference value, and the current reference value is used to calculate the compensation power, so as to cancel the grid current pulsation generated by the low harmonic wave, and compensate the pulsating power component of the grid-connected current.
In step S4, the compensation power is calculated by using the current reference value, specifically, the grid current is decomposed into an average current component and a high-frequency current component by a low-pass filter, and then the compensation power is calculated by using the following specific formula:
Figure BDA0002768845680000061
Figure BDA0002768845680000062
Figure BDA0002768845680000063
Figure BDA0002768845680000064
Figure BDA0002768845680000065
Figure BDA0002768845680000066
wherein ,
Figure BDA0002768845680000067
and />
Figure BDA0002768845680000068
For the reference value of the mains current, < >>
Figure BDA0002768845680000069
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000610
For the average current component>
Figure BDA00027688456800000611
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000612
For high-frequency current components, ">
Figure BDA00027688456800000613
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000614
High-frequency pulsating current component P generated for low-order harmonic SC_Ripple For pulsating power, P SC_Total For total compensation power, +.>
Figure BDA00027688456800000615
and />
Figure BDA00027688456800000616
For the average current component>
Figure BDA00027688456800000617
For the current component generated during transients, +.>
Figure BDA00027688456800000618
E is a high frequency current component d and eq For the two-phase voltage of the power network system, i d and iq Is the grid system current.
In addition, the compensation capacity difference calculation is performed after step S4, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00027688456800000619
wherein ,SCi For the total compensation power that the ith small power generation equipment needs to bear in the condition of enough compensation capacity, S ni Rated capacity of i-th small-sized power generating equipment, P i Active power of i-th small power generating equipment, Q i Reactive power for the i-th small-sized power generation equipment. The small power generation equipment is connected with the power grid, the load and the power supply are asymmetric at the same time, the small power generation equipment intermittently participates in grid-connected power generation, single-phase small power generation equipment with a harmonic compensation function is connected with the regional power grid, harmonic current is regulated by using the small power generation equipment, and the capacity of different small power generation equipment participating in harmonic compensation is different.
In the step S5 of the implementation, two phase lines of the small power generation equipment are connected into a power grid system, the small power generation equipment is intermittently connected into a grid for power generation, and harmonic current distribution of a line at the upstream of an access point is changed to perform harmonic current compensation.
The small-sized power generating apparatus in the present embodiment is a single-phase small-sized power generating apparatus having a harmonic compensation function.
In step S5 in this embodiment, the feedback tracking control is performed on the grid-connected current of the small-sized power generation device by adopting multi-resonance control and pulse width modulation. The sine half-wave waveform is divided into five equal parts, the sine half-wave is composed of five pulses which are connected with each other, the five pulse widths are equal and are equal to pi/5, the amplitude is unequal, the top of each pulse is a curve, and the amplitude of each pulse changes according to a sine rule. The pulse sequence is replaced by rectangular pulse sequences with the same number, equal amplitude and unequal width, so that the middle point of the rectangular pulse is overlapped with the middle point of the corresponding sinusoidal equal part, the areas of the rectangular pulse and the corresponding sinusoidal part are equal, and a group of variable pulse waveforms of the pulse sequence are obtained, and the variable pulse waveforms and the sinusoidal half waves are equivalent to each other. The method adopts a proportional resonance controller to inhibit the circulation, and in the variable pulse waveform, the amplitude of each pulse is equal, and when the amplitude of the equivalent output sine wave is changed, the width of each pulse needs to be changed according to the same proportional coefficient, so in the AC-DC converter, the pulse voltage output by the variable pulse waveform inverter circuit is the amplitude of the DC side voltage. The on-off of the inverter circuit switching device is controlled by a pulse width modulation control mode, so that the output end obtains pulses with equal amplitude, the pulses are used for replacing waveforms required by sine waves, a plurality of pulses are generated in a half period of an output waveform, the equivalent voltage of each pulse is a sine waveform, and the obtained output waveform is smooth and has less low-order harmonic waves.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. The nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: collecting and analyzing operation data of a power grid system;
s2: judging whether the power grid system is abnormal or not according to the operation data, if so, entering a step S3, and if not, ending;
s3: a plurality of small power generation devices are integrated into a power grid system, and the power grid system is controlled and regulated;
s4: detecting output current pulsation of a grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of a power grid system and small-sized power generation equipment, and compensating pulsation power components of grid-connected current; the method comprises the steps of detecting current reference value change caused by supply power and load power mutation in a grid-connected transient process, wherein the current reference value change caused by the supply power and load power mutation in the grid-connected transient process is mainly detected by the output current pulsation of a grid-connected inverter in the grid-connected process of a power grid system and small-sized power generation equipment, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure QLYQS_1
Figure QLYQS_2
wherein ,Δid and Δiq As a direct current component generated during a transient,
Figure QLYQS_3
and />
Figure QLYQS_4
Is the reference value of the current of the power grid, i d and iq The current is the system current of the power grid;
s5: and carrying out harmonic compensation on the power grid system by utilizing a plurality of small power generation devices.
2. A nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the operational data comprises three phase load current, voltage, frequency in a power grid system.
3. The method for controlling harmonic compensation of a nonlinear load power grid according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the power grid system is controlled and regulated by the relationship between the voltage and the power of a dc bus under off-grid operation of a small-sized power generating device, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure QLYQS_5
wherein ,Udc Is the voltage of the DC bus side, P dc Absorb power for DC bus side, C dc Is a direct current bus side capacitor.
4. A nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method in accordance with claim 3, wherein the pulsating power component of the grid-connected current is compensated for by the small power generation device charge-discharge in step S4.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the output current of the grid system is used as a current reference value, and the current reference value is used to calculate the compensation power, so as to cancel the grid current pulsation generated by the low harmonic wave, and compensate the pulsating power component of the grid-connected current.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S4, the compensation power is calculated by using the current reference value, specifically, the grid current is decomposed into an average current component and a high-frequency current component by a low-pass filter, and the compensation power is calculated by using the following specific formula:
Figure QLYQS_6
Figure QLYQS_7
Figure QLYQS_8
Figure QLYQS_9
Figure QLYQS_10
Figure QLYQS_11
wherein ,
Figure QLYQS_14
and />
Figure QLYQS_17
For the reference value of the mains current, < >>
Figure QLYQS_20
and />
Figure QLYQS_13
For the average current component>
Figure QLYQS_15
and />
Figure QLYQS_18
For high-frequency current components, ">
Figure QLYQS_21
and />
Figure QLYQS_12
High-frequency pulsating current component P generated for low-order harmonic SC_Ripple For pulsating power, P SC_Total For total compensation power, +.>
Figure QLYQS_16
For the current component generated during transients, +.>
Figure QLYQS_19
E is a high frequency current component d and eq For the two-phase voltage of the power network system, i d and iq Is the grid system current.
7. The harmonic compensation control method of a nonlinear load power grid according to claim 6, wherein the compensation capacity difference calculation is further performed after the step S4, and the specific formula is as follows:
Figure QLYQS_22
wherein ,SCi For the total compensation power that the ith small power generation equipment needs to bear in the condition of enough compensation capacity, S ni Rated capacity of i-th small-sized power generating equipment, P i Active power of i-th small power generating equipment, Q i Reactive power for the i-th small-sized power generation equipment.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S5, the two phase lines of the small-sized power generating device are connected to the power grid system, and the harmonic current distribution of the line upstream of the access point is changed to perform harmonic current compensation.
9. A nonlinear load power grid harmonic compensation control method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the small-sized power generation device is a single-phase small-sized power generation device having a harmonic compensation function.
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CN102355151B (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-10-30 浙江大学 Multi-functional grid-connected inverter and grid-connected inverter control method
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