CN112415576B - Walkround while-drilling real-time geosteering technique and device - Google Patents
Walkround while-drilling real-time geosteering technique and device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
- G01V1/305—Travel times
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/121—Active source
- G01V2210/1216—Drilling-related
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
- G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
Abstract
The invention relates to walkround real-time geosteering while drilling technology and device. Comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of arranging and positioning the detectors on a plurality of circumferences on the ground with the drilling holes as the center, wherein the detectors on the same circumference are symmetrically distributed with the drilling holes as the center; a plane position determining step of recording the relative delay time delta tau ij between the drill bit and the receiving point i and the receiving point j within a preset time interval delta T and obtaining the plane coordinate of the drill bit at the moment T based on optimized inversionAnd determining the drilling depth, namely calculating the real-time space position and track of the drill bit based on the plane coordinates of the drill bit and the drill bit footage at adjacent moments. Therefore, the invention has the following advantages: (1) The receiver is not required to be arranged near the underground drill bit to receive the near-field signal, so that the difficulty of construction and related real-time data return is avoided; (2) Through walkaround multiple survey lines observation mode, the space positioning accuracy of the drill bit and the imaging accuracy in front of the drill bit are improved well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection method, belongs to the field of geological detection, and particularly relates to walkround real-time geological guiding technology while drilling and a device.
Background
Drilling channels are commonly used to rescue trapped personnel downhole. The drilling rescue mode of the small-diameter life-saving hole and the large-diameter life-saving hole is an effective way for mine disaster rescue. The construction rescue drilling hole has the following characteristics: (1) Under the catastrophe condition, the drilling site of the ground relief well corresponding to the position of the underground trapped person has little choice and the complexity of drilling the stratum is often difficult to avoid; (2) During the drilling process, the drilling accident is avoided as much as possible, and the best time for rescuing is delayed no matter the drilling accident is processed or the drilling is restarted; the time is life, and the real-time performance is high; (4) The positioning precision of the drill bit is high, and a rescue drill target is usually in a roadway (the roadway width is generally 3 meters). Therefore, in the drilling process, the prediction that the stratum is encountered by the drill under the drill bit is particularly important to take preventive measures in advance and prevent drilling accidents. Taking some additional measures may increase the cost of drilling well properly, but behind the first principles of rescuing people, all costs should be kept away.
The conventional earthquake while drilling usually only arranges a measuring line on the earth surface, and adopts RVSP technique while drilling to complete formation imaging in front of the drill bit, and the positioning accuracy, the speed analysis precision and the imaging quality of the drill bit in the observation mode are difficult to meet the rescue drilling requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention mainly aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a real-time geosteering method while drilling and a device thereof.
In order to solve the problems, the scheme of the invention is as follows:
walkround while drilling real-time geosteering techniques and apparatus, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of arranging and positioning the detectors on a plurality of circumferences on the ground with the drilling holes as the center, wherein the detectors on the same circumference are symmetrically distributed with the drilling holes as the center;
A plane position determining step of recording the relative delay time delta tau ij between the drill bit and the receiving point i and the receiving point j within a preset time interval delta T, and obtaining the plane coordinate of the drill bit at the moment T based on the optimized inversion of the following formula
Wherein X i,Xj represents the plane coordinates of the ith and j-th detectors, respectively; k is a constant;
and determining the drilling depth, namely calculating the real-time space position and track of the drill bit based on the plane coordinates of the drill bit and the drill bit footage at adjacent moments.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned walkround while drilling real-time geosteering technique and apparatus, in the step of positioning the detectors, the detectors are arranged on three circumferences (which may be greater than three, and are described as 3 in the embodiment for convenience of description), and 8 detectors are arranged on each circumference; the radius R 1 of the circumference of the outermost ring is=H/2, the radius R 2 of the middle ring is=H/3, and the radius R 3 of the inner ring is=H/6, wherein H is the depth of a rescue drill target layer.
Preferably, in the foregoing walkround while drilling real-time geosteering technique and apparatus, the plane position determining step determines the predetermined time interval Δt based on:
In the formula, the average velocity of V-bit seismic wave propagation, f is the main frequency of the seismic wave, and V is the drilling speed of a drill bit.
Preferably, in the step of determining the plane position, the time signals from the drill bit to the receiving point i and the receiving point j are cross-correlated within a predetermined time interval Δt to obtain the relative delay time Δτ ij between the two.
Preferably, one of the above walkround while drilling real-time geosteering techniques and apparatus, in the planar position determining step,
Using a period of signals recorded by each receiving point (the length delta T, the recording starting time is T, the k-th detector recording signal is represented as X k (t+tau)), carrying out mutual correlation two by two, and obtaining the relative delay time delta tau ij between the drill bit and the drill bit;
Preferably, in the foregoing walkround while drilling real-time geosteering technique and apparatus, in the drilling depth determining step, the bit depth Z t at time t is calculated based on the following formula:
Where L is the drill length of the borehole during the DeltaT period.
Preferably, the foregoing walkround while drilling real-time geosteering technique and apparatus further includes:
And a stratum detection step, wherein the frequency domain expression of the excitation pulse focus at the drill bit is calculated based on the following formula:
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the frequency domain representation of R, represents conjugation; /(I)Receiving frequency domain expression of seismic wave Z components generated by a drill bit after superposition for detectors on the same circumference; t i is the direct wave travel time from the drill bit to the ith circumference, N is the number of turns of the detector, and N is more than or equal to 3;
To be calculated The time domain expression Y k (t) of the excitation pulse focus at the drill bit obtained by inverse Fourier transform back to the time domain;
And carrying out reflected wave imaging on the time domain expression Y k (t) of the excitation pulse focus at the drill bit based on the RVSP seismic data processing method to obtain a one-dimensional stratum imaging section I (z) below the drill bit.
Preferably, according to the walkround while drilling real-time geosteering technique and device, the seismic wave lamellar speed model V (Z) generated by the drill bit is calculated based on the drilling depth and the time interval of the drill bit at adjacent moments; based on the seismic wave lamellar speed model V (Z) and drill bit coordinates, the direct wave travel time of the drill bit to each circle is calculated using ray tracing.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages: (1) The receiver is not required to be arranged near the underground drill bit to receive the near-field signal, so that the difficulty of construction and related real-time data return is avoided; (2) Through walkaround multiple survey line observation modes, the space positioning precision of the drill bit and the imaging precision in front of the drill bit are improved well;
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a diagram (plan view) of a Walkaround observation system embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of imaging while drilling embodying the present invention;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of RVSP reflected wave imaging implemented by the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
Examples
Walkaround is a multi-loop line observation mode with a well as a center in VSP seismic exploration, and has the advantages of multiple offset distances and multi-azimuth information.
The embodiment adopts walkaround observation mode, as shown in figure 1, and combines special processing technology to improve measurement while drilling precision so as to meet rescue requirements.
The real-time geosteering while drilling method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the outer-most ring radius R 1(R1 =H/2 of walkaround according to the rescue drill target layer depth H, the middle ring radius R 2 =H/3 and the inner ring radius R 3 =H/6;
(2) 8Z component detectors are distributed in each walkaround receiving ring at equal intervals, and the distribution of the directions of the distribution of the detectors on the 3 receiving rings is consistent;
(3) An optimal parameter deltat (for segment interception continuous time recording) is determined. The selection of delta T is critical, and too small of delta T affects the subsequent imaging quality, and too large of delta T affects the imaging effect. The method is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of determining according to drilling depth and wavelength of a drill bit: requiring that the drill bit travel distance is much less than the seismic wave wavelength in delta T time, i.e Where lambda is the seismic wave wavelength (/ >V-bit seismic wave propagation average speed, f is the main frequency of the seismic wave, and V is the drilling speed of the drill bit. Comprehensively consider fetch/>
(4) Positioning the drill bit once every delta T time interval, wherein the positioning algorithm is as follows: using a period of signals recorded by each receiving point (the length delta T, the recording starting time is T, the k-th detector recording signal is represented as X k (t+tau)), carrying out mutual correlation two by two, and obtaining the relative delay time delta tau ij between the drill bit and the drill bit;
(5) Establishing a system of equations Wherein X i,Xj represents the plane coordinates (including X and y coordinates) of the ith and j-th detectors, respectively,/>The plane coordinates of the drill bit at time t are shown, and K is a constant (average speed meaning) to be calculated. Position and speed joint optimization inversion can be utilized to find/>And utilizing the plane coordinates of the drill bit at the last momentAnd depth Z t-ΔT, combined with the formula/>The bit depth Z t at time T is calculated, where L represents the footage during this Δt time period, which can be obtained from the rescue rig. Finally, the discrete coordinates of the drill bit with deltaT as intervals can be obtained, the track of the drill bit can be drawn in real time, the drilling machine is guided to adjust the azimuth, and the rescue drilling work is ensured to accurately and quickly reach the preset position;
(6) In the last step, the drill bit reaches the depth Z t from the depth Z t-ΔT, the travel time is delta T, and the obtained seismic wave propagation speed of the stratum is
(7) The seismic waves generated by the drill bit contain longitudinal waves and also contain transverse waves, so that the ground detectors receive existing longitudinal waves and transverse waves. In order to avoid mutual interference of the two wave fields, the polarization direction and the propagation direction of transverse waves are considered to be opposite, so that three Z-component detector records are respectively overlapped to obtain 3 records (after overlapping, transverse waves are mutually offset, longitudinal wave energy is enhanced, and the signal to noise ratio is effectively improved).Wherein k=1, 2, 3, respectively correspond to the receiving points R1, R2, R3 in fig. 2;
(8) Using the layered velocity model V (Z) and the bit coordinates of the stratum above the bit obtained in the step 6, and using ray tracing to calculate the direct wave travel time T 1、T2 and T 3 from the bit to R1, R2 and R3;
(9) For each receiving point R, the following formula is used for conversion:
wherein, Is a frequency domain representation of R, which represents the conjugate. Calculated/>After inverse Fourier transformation back to the time domain, the obtained Y k (t) is equivalent to the excitation pulse source at the drill bit in kinematic characteristics, and the reflection seismic record obtained at the kth detector (as shown in figure 3);
(10) Carrying out reflected wave imaging on Y k (t) by adopting a conventional RVSP seismic data processing method to obtain a one-dimensional stratum imaging section I (z) below the drill bit;
(11) And continuously repeating the steps 4-10, accurately positioning the drill bit while drilling and detecting the stratum structure condition below the drill bit in real time, guiding the drilling process, and ensuring that the rescue drilling hole accurately and efficiently reaches a preset rescue position.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Note that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "example embodiments," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A walkround real-time geosteering method while drilling, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of arranging and positioning the detectors on a plurality of circumferences on the ground with the drilling holes as the center, wherein the detectors on the same circumference are symmetrically distributed with the drilling holes as the center;
A plane position determining step of recording the relative delay time delta tau ij between the drill bit and the receiving point i and the receiving point j within a preset time interval delta T, and obtaining the plane coordinate of the drill bit at the moment T based on the optimized inversion of the following formula
Wherein X i,Xj represents the plane coordinates of the ith and j-th detectors, respectively; k is a constant;
A drilling depth determining step, namely calculating the real-time space position and track of the drill bit based on the plane coordinates of the drill bit and the drill bit footage at adjacent moments;
in the plane position determining step, the predetermined time interval Δt is determined based on the following equation:
Wherein V is the average velocity of seismic wave propagation, f is the main frequency of the seismic wave, and V is the drilling speed of a drill bit;
in the drilling depth determining step, the bit depth Z t at the time t is calculated based on the following formula:
Where L is the drill length of the borehole during the DeltaT period.
2. A method of real-time geosteering while drilling walkround according to claim 1, wherein said detectors are positioned in three circles, each having 8 detectors positioned in each circle; the radius R 1 of the circumference of the outermost ring is=H/2, the radius R 2 of the middle ring is=H/3, and the radius R 3 of the inner ring is=H/6, wherein H is the depth of a rescue drill target layer.
3. A method of real-time geosteering while drilling walkround according to claim 1, wherein in the plane position determining step, the time signals from the drill bit to the receiving point i and the receiving point j are cross-correlated over a predetermined time interval Δt to obtain a relative delay time Δτ ij therebetween.
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| CN112415576A (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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