CN112415260A - Isolated form singlechip alternating current zero crossing signal detection circuitry - Google Patents

Isolated form singlechip alternating current zero crossing signal detection circuitry Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112415260A
CN112415260A CN202011388450.4A CN202011388450A CN112415260A CN 112415260 A CN112415260 A CN 112415260A CN 202011388450 A CN202011388450 A CN 202011388450A CN 112415260 A CN112415260 A CN 112415260A
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pin
control circuit
resistor
rectifier bridge
capacitor
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申健
罗明华
张文
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Zhongshan Yousheng Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Zhongshan Yousheng Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/175Indicating the instants of passage of current or voltage through a given value, e.g. passage through zero

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of single-chip microcomputers, in particular to an isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit which comprises a main control circuit, a branch control circuit I, a branch control circuit II, a branch control circuit III and a branch control circuit IV; the system synchronously collects a 50-265V sine alternating voltage zero-crossing signal in real time, the sine alternating voltage is input with high impedance, the power consumption is lower than 1mA, an input end does not have an inductance device, and a thermoelectric part is isolated by optical couplers, so that the stability and the anti-interference performance of the system are improved; the zero-crossing signal is processed by the shaping of a single chip microcomputer, digital filtering and the like, and different output devices have the functions of delaying output, so that the devices with low speed can successfully read the signal and the like.

Description

Isolated form singlechip alternating current zero crossing signal detection circuitry
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of single-chip microcomputers, in particular to an isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, chip technology is also developed vigorously. The single chip computer is an integrated circuit chip, and is a small and perfect microcomputer system formed by integrating the functions of a central processing unit CPU with data processing capacity, a random access memory RAM, a read-only memory ROM, various I/O ports, an interrupt system, a timer/counter and the like on a silicon chip by adopting a super-large scale integrated circuit technology, and is widely applied to the field of industrial control. When the traditional singlechip alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit is in actual use and outputs signals, the problems of poor interference resistance and poor stability exist. In addition, since the detection circuit does not have a delay function, some devices with a slow reading speed have a situation that signal reading is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an isolated singlechip alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art.
The invention relates to an isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit which comprises a main control circuit, a branch control circuit I, a branch control circuit II, a branch control circuit III and a branch control circuit IV, wherein the branch control circuit I is connected with the branch control circuit II;
the main control circuit comprises a U1 unit, wherein the 1 st pin of the U1 unit is grounded, and the 2 nd to 4 th pins of the U1 unit are respectively connected with a TCK end, a TDIO end and an AC end; one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the 4 th pin of the U1 unit in parallel; the 5 th pin of the U1 unit is connected with the OUT end, and the 8 th pin of the U1 unit is connected with the VCC +5V end; the capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the 1 st pin and the 8 th pin of the U1 unit;
the branch control circuit I comprises a rectifier bridge DB2, a 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge DB2 is connected with a resistor R1 in series, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 3 rd pin of a wiring port P1, a 1 st pin of a wiring port P1 is connected with a 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge DB2 in series, and a piezoresistor RU1 is connected with a single machine of the resistor R1 and the 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge DB2 in series; the 3 rd and 4 th pins of the rectifier bridge DB2 are respectively connected in series with the anode and the cathode of a photoelectric coupler OC 2; an emitter of the photoelectric coupler OC2 is connected with the AC end, and a collector of the photoelectric coupler OC2 is grounded; the resistor R3 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel between the 3 rd pin and the 4 th pin of the rectifier bridge DB 2; one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the collector of the photoelectric coupler OC2 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the VCC +5C end; the emitter of the optocoupler OC2 is grounded;
the second branch control circuit comprises a rectifier bridge DB1, and the 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with the AC15VL terminal; the No. 2 pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with an ACVN end; the 4 th pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is grounded; the 3 rd pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with the Vin end of a voltage stabilizer VR1 through a first lead, the GND end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 is grounded, and the Vout end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 is connected with the VCC +5V end; after the resistor R5 is connected with the LED in series, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the Vout end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the second lead in parallel; one ends of the radio capacitor CE1, the capacitor C2, the radio capacitor CE2 and the capacitor C3 are respectively connected with the first lead in parallel, and one ends of the radio capacitor CE1, the capacitor C2, the radio capacitor CE2 and the capacitor C3 are connected with the second lead in parallel;
the third sub-control circuit comprises a photoelectric coupler OC1, the anode of the photoelectric coupler OC1 is connected with a resistor R8 in series, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the VCC +5V end; the cathode of the photoelectric coupler OC1 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the resistor R6 in series, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the OUT end; the resistor R7 is connected in series with the light emitting diode LED2 and then connected in parallel between the resistor R8 and the cathode end of the photoelectric coupler OC 1; the collector and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler OC1 are respectively connected with the 1 st and the 2 nd ports of the wiring port P2; the 3 rd port and the 4 th port of the wiring port P2 are respectively connected with an AC15VN terminal and an AC15VL terminal;
the sub-control circuit four comprises a wiring port P3, the 1 st pin of the wiring port P3 is connected with a VCC +5V end, the 2 nd pin of the wiring port P3 is connected with a TDIO end, the 3 rd pin of the wiring port P3 is grounded, and the 4 th pin of the wiring port P3 is connected with a TCK end.
Further, the U1 unit of the main control circuit is a Saiyuan single chip microcomputer with the model number SC92F 7250.
Further, the rectifier bridge DB2 in the first branch control circuit is a bridge rectifier with model number MB6S 2.
Further, the photocouplers OC1 and OC2 are photocouplers of type PC 817.
Further, the rectifier bridge DB1 of the second branch control circuit is a rectifier bridge stack of type 2W 10.
Further, the voltage regulator VR1 in the second sub-control circuit is a voltage regulator of type 78M 05.
Furthermore, the connection port P3 of the branch control circuit four is an ICSP interface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to an isolated singlechip alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit which synchronously acquires a 50-265V sinusoidal alternating current voltage zero-crossing signal in real time, inputs the signal with high impedance, has power consumption lower than 1mA, does not have an inductive device at the input end, and is isolated by a thermoelectric part optical coupler, so that the stability and the anti-interference performance of a system are improved. The zero-crossing signal is processed by the shaping of a single chip microcomputer, digital filtering and the like, and different output devices have the functions of delaying output, so that the devices with low speed can successfully read the signal and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention, in which:
FIG. 1 is a topological schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main control circuit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sub-control circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second sub-control circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the sub-control circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a fourth structure of the sub-control circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the circuit for detecting an alternating current zero-crossing signal of an isolated single chip microcomputer according to the present embodiment includes a main control circuit, a first sub-control circuit, a second sub-control circuit, a third sub-control circuit, and a fourth sub-control circuit;
as shown in fig. 2, the main control circuit includes a U1 unit, the 1 st pin of the U1 unit is grounded, and the 2 nd to 4 th pins of the U1 unit are connected to the TCK terminal, the TDIO terminal, and the AC terminal, respectively; one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the 4 th pin of the U1 unit in parallel; the 5 th pin of the U1 unit is connected with the OUT end, and the 8 th pin of the U1 unit is connected with the VCC +5V end; the capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the 1 st pin and the 8 th pin of the U1 unit;
as shown in fig. 3, the sub-control circuit includes a rectifier bridge DB2, a pin 1 of the rectifier bridge DB2 is connected in series with a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a pin 3 of a connection port P1, a pin 1 of the connection port P1 is connected in series with a pin 2 of the rectifier bridge DB2, and a piezoresistor RU1 is connected in series with a single machine of the resistor R1 and the pin 2 of the rectifier bridge DB 2; the 3 rd and 4 th pins of the rectifier bridge DB2 are respectively connected in series with the anode and the cathode of a photoelectric coupler OC 2; an emitter of the photoelectric coupler OC2 is connected with the AC end, and a collector of the photoelectric coupler OC2 is grounded; the resistor R3 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel between the 3 rd pin and the 4 th pin of the rectifier bridge DB 2; one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the collector of the photoelectric coupler OC2 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the VCC +5C end; the emitter of the optocoupler OC2 is grounded;
as shown in fig. 4, the secondary control circuit includes a rectifier bridge DB1, and the 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected to the AC15VL terminal; the No. 2 pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with an ACVN end; the 4 th pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is grounded; the 3 rd pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with the Vin end of a voltage stabilizer VR1 through a first lead, the GND end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 is grounded, and the Vout end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 is connected with the VCC +5V end; after the resistor R5 is connected with the LED in series, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the Vout end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the second lead in parallel; one ends of the radio capacitor CE1, the capacitor C2, the radio capacitor CE2 and the capacitor C3 are respectively connected with the first lead in parallel, and one ends of the radio capacitor CE1, the capacitor C2, the radio capacitor CE2 and the capacitor C3 are connected with the second lead in parallel;
as shown in fig. 5, the third sub-control circuit includes a photocoupler OC1, an anode of the photocoupler OC1 is connected in series with a resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the VCC +5V terminal; the cathode of the photoelectric coupler OC1 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the resistor R6 in series, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the OUT end; the resistor R7 is connected in series with the light emitting diode LED2 and then connected in parallel between the resistor R8 and the cathode end of the photoelectric coupler OC 1; the collector and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler OC1 are respectively connected with the 1 st and the 2 nd ports of the wiring port P2; the 3 rd port and the 4 th port of the wiring port P2 are respectively connected with an AC15VN terminal and an AC15VL terminal;
as shown in fig. 6, the sub-control circuit four includes a connection port P3, a 1 st pin of the connection port P3 is connected to VCC +5V terminal, a 2 nd pin of the connection port P3 is connected to the TDIO terminal, a 3 rd pin of the connection port P3 is connected to ground, and a 4 th pin of the connection port P3 is connected to the TCK terminal.
Further, the U1 unit of the main control circuit is a Saiyuan single chip microcomputer with the model number SC92F 7250.
Further, the rectifier bridge DB2 in the first branch control circuit is a bridge rectifier with model number MB6S 2. In this design, the bridge rectifier is the most commonly used circuit for rectifying by using the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, and is commonly used to convert ac power into dc power. MB6S2 is a model of a rectifier bridge, encapsulating SOP-4.
Further, the photocouplers OC1 and OC2 are photocouplers of type PC 817. PC817 photoelectric coupler is widely used in computer terminal, SCR system equipment, measuring instrument, photocopier, ticket vending machine, signal transmission between household appliances, such as fan and heater, etc. to isolate the front end from the load completely, and has the aims of raising safety, reducing circuit interference and simplifying circuit design. The PC817 is a commonly used linear optical coupler, is often used as a coupling element in various functional circuits requiring relatively precise precision, has the function of completely isolating an upper-stage circuit and a lower-stage circuit, and does not generate influence mutually.
While the common photoelectric coupler can only transmit digital signals (switching signals) and is not suitable for transmitting analog signals. The linear photoelectric coupler is a novel photoelectric isolation device and can transmit continuously-changed analog voltage or current signals, so that corresponding optical signals can be generated along with the change of the intensity of input signals, the conduction degrees of the photosensitive transistors are different, and the output voltage or current is different accordingly.
Further, the rectifier bridge DB1 of the second branch control circuit is a rectifier bridge stack of type 2W 10.
The working principle is as follows: the rectifier bridge is internally provided with a bridge circuit mainly composed of four diodes to convert the alternating voltage of the input bai into the direct voltage of the output. In each working period of the rectifier bridge, only two diodes work at the same time, and alternating current is converted into unidirectional direct current pulsating voltage through the unidirectional conduction function of the diodes.
Dissection of a commonly used low power rectifier bridge (e.g., RS2501M from rectifier SEMICONDUCTOR capacitor) shows that the internal structure is shown in fig. 2, and the full-wave rectifier bridge is in a plastic package (most low power rectifier bridges are in the package). The four main heating components in the bridge, namely the diodes, are divided into two groups and are respectively placed on the pin copper plates of the direct current output. Two connecting copper plates are arranged between the direct current output pin copper plates and are respectively connected with the input pins (alternating current input wires) to form a full-wave rectifier bridge with four external connecting pins seen in appearance.
Because the series of rectifier bridges all adopt plastic packaging structures, the peripheries of the diodes, the pin copper plates, the connecting copper plates and the connecting wires are filled with epoxy resin serving as an insulating and heat-conducting framework filling material. However, the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin is relatively low (generally 0.35 ℃ W/m, and at most 2.5 ℃ W/m), so the junction-shell thermal resistance of the rectifier bridge is generally relatively high (generally 1.0-10 ℃/W). In general, in the parameter table of the device, the manufacturer provides the junction-ambient thermal resistance (Rja) of the device under natural cooling and the junction-shell thermal resistance (Rjc) of the device through a heat sink when the device is provided with the heat sink.
Further, the voltage regulator VR1 in the second sub-control circuit is a voltage regulator of type 78M 05. 78M05 is a three-port current positive fixed voltage regulator with protection function of turn-off when overcurrent and overheat, the maximum value of output current is 500mA, input bias current is 3.2mA, and the maximum value of input voltage is 35V.
Furthermore, the connection port P3 of the sub-control circuit four is an ICSP interface, and the ICSP interface is a 6pin interface, and uses an SPI protocol for communication.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the design, alternating current sinusoidal voltage is accessed through a P1 port, and the parallel RU1 piezoresistor and the series R1 winding resistor play a role in protection, so that the circuit is prevented from being burnt out due to surge breakdown.
In the design, alternating current is rectified in a DB2 bridge mode, signals are changed into 100HZ pulsating direct current, the current is limited, the voltage is divided and the filtered through R2, R3 and C1, the current is transmitted to the primary side anode of a photoelectric coupler PC817, and zero-crossing signals are transmitted to the secondary side through the photoelectric coupler. The secondary side of the optical coupler reads in a voltage value through an AD port of the single chip microcomputer, and the zero-crossing signal of the alternating current and the electric parameter condition of the alternating current can be accurately measured according to the voltage value.
In this design, P2 mouth is the 4P terminal, and AC15V alternating voltage provides 5V's accurate direct current voltage for the system after through rectification, filtering, steady voltage, supplies the singlechip work. After the detected alternating current zero-crossing signal is calculated by the singlechip, the OX port outputs a pulse signal which is also transmitted to the next-stage equipment through the photoelectric device. And the lower-level industrial control equipment PLC acquires the signal through an interruption or quick port.
The functions of the invention are as follows: the design synchronously collects the zero-crossing signal of the 50-265V sinusoidal alternating voltage in real time, the high-impedance input is realized, the power consumption is lower than 1mA, no inductance device is arranged at the input end, and the thermoelectric part is isolated by optical couplers, so that the stability and the anti-interference performance of the system are improved. The zero-crossing signal is processed by the reshaping of a single chip microcomputer, digital filtering and the like, and different output devices have a delay output function, so that the devices with low speed can successfully read the signal. The signal output is a TTL level driving photoelectric device (NPN type), and the PLC and other equipment can read the signal in real time and perform related processing.
The functional board of the design adopts 12-15V alternating current or direct current to supply power to the whole system, and the board is provided with a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit. Ensuring a wide range of power supply inputs.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made based on the features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An isolated singlechip alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit is characterized in that: the system comprises a main control circuit, a branch control circuit I, a branch control circuit II, a branch control circuit III and a branch control circuit IV;
the main control circuit comprises a U1 unit, wherein the 1 st pin of the U1 unit is grounded, and the 2 nd to 4 th pins of the U1 unit are respectively connected with a TCK end, a TDIO end and an AC end; one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the 4 th pin of the U1 unit in parallel; the 5 th pin of the U1 unit is connected with the OUT end, and the 8 th pin of the U1 unit is connected with the VCC +5V end; the capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the 1 st pin and the 8 th pin of the U1 unit;
the branch control circuit I comprises a rectifier bridge DB2, a 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge DB2 is connected with a resistor R1 in series, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 3 rd pin of a wiring port P1, a 1 st pin of a wiring port P1 is connected with a 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge DB2 in series, and a piezoresistor RU1 is connected with a single machine of the resistor R1 and the 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge DB2 in series; the 3 rd and 4 th pins of the rectifier bridge DB2 are respectively connected in series with the anode and the cathode of a photoelectric coupler OC 2; an emitter of the photoelectric coupler OC2 is connected with the AC end, and a collector of the photoelectric coupler OC2 is grounded; the resistor R3 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel between the 3 rd pin and the 4 th pin of the rectifier bridge DB 2; one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the collector of the photoelectric coupler OC2 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the VCC +5C end; the emitter of the optocoupler OC2 is grounded;
the second branch control circuit comprises a rectifier bridge DB1, and the 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with the AC15VL terminal; the No. 2 pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with an ACVN end; the 4 th pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is grounded; the 3 rd pin of the rectifier bridge DB1 is connected with the Vin end of a voltage stabilizer VR1 through a first lead, the GND end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 is grounded, and the Vout end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 is connected with the VCC +5V end; after the resistor R5 is connected with the LED in series, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the Vout end of the voltage stabilizer VR1 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the second lead in parallel; one ends of the radio capacitor CE1, the capacitor C2, the radio capacitor CE2 and the capacitor C3 are respectively connected with the first lead in parallel, and one ends of the radio capacitor CE1, the capacitor C2, the radio capacitor CE2 and the capacitor C3 are connected with the second lead in parallel;
the third sub-control circuit comprises a photoelectric coupler OC1, the anode of the photoelectric coupler OC1 is connected with a resistor R8 in series, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the VCC +5V end; the cathode of the photoelectric coupler OC1 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the resistor R6 in series, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the OUT end; the resistor R7 is connected in series with the light emitting diode LED2 and then connected in parallel between the resistor R8 and the cathode end of the photoelectric coupler OC 1; the collector and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler OC1 are respectively connected with the 1 st and the 2 nd ports of the wiring port P2; the 3 rd port and the 4 th port of the wiring port P2 are respectively connected with an AC15VN terminal and an AC15VL terminal;
the sub-control circuit four comprises a wiring port P3, the 1 st pin of the wiring port P3 is connected with a VCC +5V end, the 2 nd pin of the wiring port P3 is connected with a TDIO end, the 3 rd pin of the wiring port P3 is grounded, and the 4 th pin of the wiring port P3 is connected with a TCK end.
2. The isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the U1 unit of the main control circuit is a Saiyuan single chip microcomputer with the model number of SC92F 7250.
3. The isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the rectifier bridge DB2 in the first branch control circuit is a bridge rectifier with the model number MB6S 2.
4. The isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the photoelectric couplers OC1 and OC2 are photoelectric couplers of the type PC 817.
5. The isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: and the rectifier bridge DB1 of the secondary control circuit II is a rectifier bridge stack with the model number of 2W 10.
6. The isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: and the voltage stabilizer VR1 in the secondary control circuit II is a voltage stabilizer with the model number of 78M 05.
7. The isolated single-chip microcomputer alternating current zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: and the wiring port P3 of the branch control circuit IV is an ICSP interface.
CN202011388450.4A 2020-12-02 2020-12-02 Isolated form singlechip alternating current zero crossing signal detection circuitry Pending CN112415260A (en)

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CN202011388450.4A CN112415260A (en) 2020-12-02 2020-12-02 Isolated form singlechip alternating current zero crossing signal detection circuitry

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011388450.4A CN112415260A (en) 2020-12-02 2020-12-02 Isolated form singlechip alternating current zero crossing signal detection circuitry

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113489317A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-10-08 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 Program-controlled output power control circuit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113489317A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-10-08 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 Program-controlled output power control circuit

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