CN112409313B - Method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination - Google Patents

Method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination Download PDF

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CN112409313B
CN112409313B CN202011501326.4A CN202011501326A CN112409313B CN 112409313 B CN112409313 B CN 112409313B CN 202011501326 A CN202011501326 A CN 202011501326A CN 112409313 B CN112409313 B CN 112409313B
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galangin
extracting
galangal
ethanol
powder
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CN112409313A (en
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张旭光
王舒婷
张俊清
李丽
周明艳
张钰昕
刘爱霞
李湘怡
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Hainan Medical College
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/22Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
    • C07D311/26Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
    • C07D311/40Separation, e.g. from natural material; Purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/22Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
    • C07D311/26Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
    • C07D311/28Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only
    • C07D311/30Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. flavones

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and particularly relates to a method for extracting galangin from galangal by high-temperature ethanol combination. The method comprises the following steps: high temperature treatment: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 80-120 mesh powder, and treating at 75-80deg.C for 0.5-1 hr; alcohol extraction: extracting rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder treated at high temperature with 80-90% ethanol for 1-3 times, mixing all the extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude extract; purifying: the crude extract is sequentially subjected to silica gel column pre-separation and countercurrent chromatography purification to obtain purified galangin. The invention firstly carries out high-temperature treatment on the galangal medicinal material powder to volatilize most of volatile oil, and then carries out ethanol solution extraction to improve the content of galangin in the galangal extract; the ethanol extraction process does not need distillation equipment, and the drying and normal-temperature ethanol extraction operations are simple.

Description

Method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and particularly relates to a method for extracting galangin from galangal by high-temperature ethanol combination.
Background
Galangal is the dried rhizome of plants of the genus Alpinia of the family Zingiberaceae, and is mainly distributed in Guangdong, guangxi, hainan and other places. Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum has effects of warming stomach, dispelling cold, resolving food stagnation, and relieving pain, and can be used for relieving gastropathy. The galangin is a root extract of galangal, is a natural medicinal ingredient, is a dark brown powdery substance, is plant refinement extracted from galangal belonging to the family of Zingiberaceae, can be used for generating various Chinese patent medicines, and is an important component of many antiviral medicines. Galangin has effects of relieving pain and itching, diminishing inflammation, sterilizing, and promoting blood circulation. Therefore, the demand of the medicine field for galangin is very large, and the research on the medicine application and extraction process of the galangin is also very large.
The method for extracting galangin in the prior art is alcohol extraction, the content of galangin in the extract can reach about 6%, the purity can reach about 45% after macroporous resin and polyamide resin are combined for purification, but the extraction rate is still wasted about 45% due to high consumption of galangin. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for extracting galangin with high extraction rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for extracting galangin from galangal by high-temperature ethanol combination.
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, which comprises the following steps:
high temperature treatment: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 80-120 mesh powder, and treating at 75-80deg.C for 0.5-1 hr;
alcohol extraction: extracting rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder with 80-90% ethanol for 1-3 times, mixing all the extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude extract;
purifying: the crude extract is sequentially subjected to silica gel column pre-separation and countercurrent chromatography purification to obtain purified galangin.
Preferably, the above high temperature-ethanol combined method for extracting galangin from rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum comprises drying at 75-80deg.C or steam transpiration and drying.
Preferably, the method for extracting galangin from galangal by combining high temperature and ethanol comprises the following specific steps of: spreading the rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder on gauze with thickness of 0.2-1cm, placing into steamer, and steaming for 0.5-1 hr.
Preferably, the method for extracting galangin from galangal by using the high temperature-ethanol combination comprises the following steps: the pot comprises a pot body, wherein a plurality of blocks are arranged on the pot body, a grid-shaped steaming frame is arranged on each block, the steaming frame is provided with an openable frame door, and gauze and galangal medicinal material powder are put in the frame door.
Preferably, in the method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, one end of a condensing tube is communicated with a cover of the steamer, and the other end of the condensing tube is communicated with a receiving bottle.
Preferably, in the method for extracting galangin from galangal by combining high temperature and ethanol, gas is introduced into an alcohol extraction container in the alcohol extraction process, and powder is extracted in a suspension manner by adopting an air floatation type principle, so that the extraction efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the method for extracting galangin from galangal by combining high temperature and ethanol, the receiving bottle is filled with an adsorbent, one end of the receiving bottle is communicated with the condensing pipe, and the other end of the receiving bottle is communicated with the container.
Preferably, the high temperature-ethanol combined method for extracting galangin from galangal comprises the step of taking honeycomb ceramics or activated carbon particles as the adsorbent.
Preferably, the method for extracting galangin from galangal by combining high temperature and ethanol comprises the following steps of:
mixing 100-200 mesh silica gel with chloroform-methanol solution with a volume ratio of 99:1, loading into a column, dissolving crude extract with chloroform-methanol solution with a loading ratio of 5% by mass, loading, eluting with chloroform-methanol solution with a volume ratio of 99:1, 49:1, 19:1,9:1 and 3:1 in sequence, respectively collecting each eluting fraction, detecting the fractions, combining the fractions containing galangin, and concentrating to obtain the preseparation.
Preferably, the method for extracting galangin from galangal by using the high temperature-ethanol combination comprises the following steps of: standing and separating a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solvent system with a volume ratio of 2:0.45:0.85:0.85, wherein an upper phase is a stationary phase, and a lower phase is a mobile phase; filling a spiral column of a countercurrent chromatograph with a stationary phase, rotating and injecting the stationary phase into the mobile phase at a speed of 2-3mL/min, dissolving a sample to be separated by the mobile phase when the system reaches balance, injecting the sample, maintaining a flow speed of 2-3mL/min for eluting, collecting fractions, merging the fractions containing galangin after the fractions are detected, and concentrating to obtain purified galangin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in order to keep various effective components in the galangal medicinal materials in the prior art, the galangal medicinal materials are fried or dried in the sun at a low temperature, so that alcohol solubles in the galangal comprise some flavonoids and volatile oil, the flavonoids have the property of being not easy to volatilize, for example, the boiling point of galangin is 518.6 ℃, and the volatile oil is easy to volatilize. Based on the principle, the invention firstly carries out high-temperature treatment on the galangal medicinal powder for 0.5-1h at 75-80 ℃ to volatilize most of volatile oil, and then carries out ethanol solution extraction, thereby improving the content of galangin in the galangal extract. The ethanol extraction process of the invention does not need high-temperature distillation equipment (ethanol is easy to volatilize and inflammable, so the high-temperature distillation equipment has a certain danger, the problems of whether the liquid is evaporated, whether the liquid leakage occurs or not and the like are required to be frequently observed, a great amount of energy of operators is consumed), the drying and Wen Chun extraction operations are simple, the operators do not need to look at the experimental equipment from time to time, and the energy is saved.
2. The steamer device designed by the invention is combined with the container for alcohol extraction, and the steam prepared by the steamer is cooled by air and then enters the container for alcohol extraction, so that the galangal medicinal material powder is air-floated, the extraction efficiency of ethanol can be improved, and the recycling of resources can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a combination of a steamer device and an alcohol extraction vessel according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
In the following examples, reference is made to "Fu Liming et al, fluorescence photometry to determine the content of galangin [ J ] in traditional Chinese medicine galangal chinese medicine and clinic 2014.14 (11): 1531-1532' to determine the content of galangin in the crude and purified extracts.
Example 1
A method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, comprising the following steps:
step 1, high temperature treatment: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 80 mesh powder, and oven drying at 75deg.C for 0.5 hr;
step 2, alcohol extraction: taking 1kg of dried galangal powder, extracting with 1L of 80% ethanol, extracting with new 1L of 80-90% ethanol, extracting with new 1L of 80% ethanol, mixing the three extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with 1L of ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain 38.30g of crude extract;
purifying: all crude extracts were sequentially pre-separated by silica gel column and purified by countercurrent chromatography to obtain purified galangin with a mass of 6.04g. Purification methods refer to "Xu Jing, cao Xueli, yin Lu, etc. reverse-flow chromatography is combined with silica gel column chromatography to separate and purify galangin [ J ] from galangal, food science, 2013 (04): 55-58".
The content of galangin in the crude extract and the purified product is measured to be 5.53g and 4.71g respectively, the purity of the galangin in the crude extract reaches 14.44%, and the purity of the galangin in the purified product reaches 77.98%.
Example 2
A method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, comprising the following steps:
step 1, high temperature treatment: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 120 mesh powder, steaming for 1 hr, and air drying or oven drying until the water content is less than or equal to 5%;
the specific steps of the steam transpiration treatment are as follows: spreading the rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder on 4 layers of medical gauze with thickness of 1cm, placing into steamer, and steaming for 0.5 hr.
The steamer has the following structure: including the pot body 1, be provided with two lines of dogs on the pot body 1, placed a latticed frame 2 of evaporating on every line of dog, evaporate 2 frame doors that have openable, put into gauze and galangal medicinal material powder from frame door department, latticed material of evaporating 2 frame references the stainless steel material of the supporting steaming grid of a pot of prior art.
Preferably, one end of a condensing pipe 3 is communicated with the cover of the steamer, the other end of the condensing pipe 3 is communicated with a receiving bottle 4, volatile oil in the galangal is distilled out and then enters the condensing pipe 3 along with steam to be condensed, and finally is received by the receiving bottle 4. The volatile oil in the receiving bottle can be recycled after purification, so that energy sources are saved, and resource waste is reduced. The volatile oil adsorbed on the gauze can be recycled.
Step 2, alcohol extraction: taking 1kg of dried galangal powder, extracting with 1L of 90% ethanol, extracting with new 1L of 90% ethanol, mixing the three extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with 1L of ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to paste, and obtaining 32.71g of crude extract;
purifying: all crude extracts were sequentially pre-separated by silica gel column and purified by countercurrent chromatography to obtain purified galangin with a mass of 6.37g. Purification methods refer to "Xu Jing, cao Xueli, yin Lu, etc. reverse-flow chromatography is combined with silica gel column chromatography to separate and purify galangin [ J ] from galangal, food science, 2013 (04): 55-58".
The content of galangin in the crude extract and the purified product is measured to be 5.09g and 4.78g respectively, the purity of the galangin in the crude extract reaches 15.57%, and the purity of the galangin in the purified product reaches 75.04%.
Example 3
A method for extracting galangin from rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum by high temperature-ethanol combination is basically the same as that of example 2, except that air is introduced into the alcohol extraction vessel 5 during alcohol extraction, and powder is extracted in suspension by air-floating principle to improve extraction efficiency. The result shows that 1kg of dried galangal powder is extracted and concentrated by alcohol to obtain 28.35g of crude extract, and the purity of galangin in the crude extract reaches 18.76%.
Preferably, the receiving bottle 4 is filled with adsorbent honeycomb ceramics or activated carbon particles, one end of the receiving bottle 4 is communicated with the condensing tube 3, the other end of the receiving bottle is communicated with the container 5 used in the alcohol extraction process, the condensing tube 3 is not communicated with condensed water, air condensation is adopted, and then the steam treated at the high temperature of the previous batch can provide an air source for the air floatation of the next alcohol extraction batch, so that the effect of recycling resources is achieved. The heating temperature of the steamer should be reasonably controlled, so that the steam generation rate can meet the requirement of bubbling the alcohol extraction reagent and the alcohol extraction reagent is not splashed vigorously.
Example 4
A method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, comprising the following steps:
step 1, high temperature treatment: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 100 mesh powder, and oven drying at 75deg.C for 1 hr;
step 2, alcohol extraction: extracting 1kg of dried galangal powder with 1L of 80% ethanol, extracting with new 1L of 80-90% ethanol, mixing the two extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with 1L of ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude extract 32.74g;
purifying: all crude extracts are sequentially subjected to silica gel column pre-separation and countercurrent chromatography purification to obtain purified galangin.
The steps of the silica gel column pre-separation are as follows:
70g of 100-mesh silica gel is weighed, evenly mixed by chloroform-methanol solution (99:1, v/v), loaded on a column (60 cm,2.2 cm), 3.5g of crude extract is dissolved by 5mL of chloroform-methanol solution (99:1, v/v) at a loading ratio, loaded, gradient eluted by chloroform-methanol solutions (99:1, 49:1, 19:1,9:1,3:1, v/v) with different concentrations, each gradient is eluted for 2 column volumes, each elution fraction is respectively collected, and after HPLC detection, the fractions containing galangin are combined and concentrated into paste, thus obtaining the preseparation. The operation was repeated until all crude extract was pre-separated.
The procedure for countercurrent chromatography purification was as follows: standing and separating a solvent system of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2:0.45:0.85:0.85, v/v), wherein an upper phase is a stationary phase, and a lower phase is a mobile phase; filling a stationary phase into a spiral column of a TBE-300A countercurrent chromatograph, rotating at a speed of 850r/min, simultaneously injecting a mobile phase at a speed of 2mL/min, balancing a system when an outlet of a detector has a downward flow and an upper phase is not increased, dissolving a sample to be separated by the mobile phase, injecting a sample, eluting while maintaining a flow rate of 2mL/min, collecting fractions, detecting the fractions by HPLC, merging the fractions containing galangin, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain 5.99g of purified product.
The content of galangin in the crude extract and the purified product is measured to be 5.43g and 4.65g respectively, the purity of the galangin in the crude extract reaches 16.59%, and the purity of the galangin in the purified product reaches 77.63%.
Comparative example 1
A method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, comprising the following steps:
step 1, alcohol extraction: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 80 mesh powder, collecting rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder 1kg, extracting with 1L of 80% ethanol, extracting with new 1L of 80% ethanol, mixing the three extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with 1L of ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude extract 42.15g;
purifying: all crude extracts were sequentially pre-separated by silica gel column and purified by countercurrent chromatography to obtain purified galangin with a mass of 3.59g. Purification methods refer to "Xu Jing, cao Xueli, yin Lu, etc. reverse-flow chromatography is combined with silica gel column chromatography to separate and purify galangin [ J ] from galangal, food science, 2013 (04): 55-58".
The content of galangin in the crude extract and the purified product is measured to be 3.10g and 2.56g respectively, the purity of the galangin in the crude extract reaches 7.35%, and the purity of the galangin in the purified product reaches 71.30%.
It should be noted that, the connection relationships of the components not specifically mentioned in the present invention are all default to the prior art, and the connection relationships of the structures are not described in detail because they do not relate to the invention points and are common applications of the prior art.
It should be noted that, when numerical ranges are referred to in the present invention, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and because the adopted step method is the same as the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. A method for extracting galangin from galangal by high temperature-ethanol combination, comprising:
high temperature treatment: pulverizing rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum into 80-120 mesh powder, steaming, and drying;
alcohol extraction: extracting processed rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder with 80-90% ethanol for 1-3 times, mixing all the extracts, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1L, extracting the concentrate with ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate layer, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude extract;
purifying: the crude extract is sequentially subjected to silica gel column pre-separation and countercurrent chromatography purification to obtain purified galangin;
the specific steps of the steam transpiration treatment are as follows: spreading the rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum powder on gauze with thickness of 0.2-1cm, placing into steamer, steaming for 0.5-1 hr;
the steamer has the following structure: the multifunctional steaming box comprises a pot body (1), wherein a plurality of blocks are arranged on the pot body (1), a grid-shaped steaming frame (2) is arranged on each block, the steaming frame (2) is provided with an openable frame door, and gauze and galangal medicinal material powder are placed in the frame door;
one end of a condensing pipe (3) is communicated with the cover of the steamer, and the other end of the condensing pipe (3) is communicated with a receiving bottle (4);
in the process of alcohol extraction, gas is introduced into an alcohol extraction container (5), and powder is extracted in a suspension way by adopting an air floatation type principle, so that the extraction efficiency is improved; the receiving bottle (4) is filled with an adsorbent, one end of the receiving bottle (4) is communicated with the condensing tube (3), and the other end of the receiving bottle is communicated with the container (5); the adsorbent is honeycomb ceramics or activated carbon particles; the steps of the silica gel column pre-separation are as follows:
uniformly mixing 100-200 mesh silica gel with a chloroform-methanol solution with a volume ratio of 99:1, loading the mixture into a column, dissolving a crude extract with the chloroform-methanol solution with a loading ratio of 5% by mass, loading the solution, eluting with chloroform-methanol solutions with volume ratios of 99:1, 49:1, 19:1,9:1 and 3:1 in sequence, respectively collecting each elution fraction, and after detecting the fractions, merging fractions containing galangin, and concentrating to obtain a preseparation; the procedure for countercurrent chromatography purification was as follows: standing and separating a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solvent system with a volume ratio of 2:0.45:0.85:0.85, wherein an upper phase is a stationary phase, and a lower phase is a mobile phase; filling a spiral column of a countercurrent chromatograph with a stationary phase, rotating and injecting the stationary phase into the mobile phase at a speed of 2-3mL/min, dissolving a sample to be separated by the mobile phase when the system reaches balance, injecting the sample, maintaining a flow speed of 2-3mL/min for eluting, collecting fractions, merging the fractions containing galangin after the fractions are detected, and concentrating to obtain purified galangin.
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