CN112408772B - Method for preparing inorganic fibers by using electric melting method of sintered mineral pellets - Google Patents

Method for preparing inorganic fibers by using electric melting method of sintered mineral pellets Download PDF

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CN112408772B
CN112408772B CN202011346863.6A CN202011346863A CN112408772B CN 112408772 B CN112408772 B CN 112408772B CN 202011346863 A CN202011346863 A CN 202011346863A CN 112408772 B CN112408772 B CN 112408772B
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fiber
pellets
electric melting
raw materials
fibers
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CN112408772A (en
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李晓光
谢诚
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Changan University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/06Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing inorganic fibers by using a sintered mineral pellet electric melting method, which comprises the steps of sintering raw materials into pellets to obtain sintered pellets, and carrying out electric melting and spinning on the sintered pellets to obtain the inorganic fibers, wherein the melt viscosity after electric melting is 0.2-1 Pa.S; the inorganic fibers comprise rock wool fibers and continuous basalt fibers; the acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 0.9-2.4; the acidity coefficient of the continuous basalt fiber is 5.2-10. The invention provides more flexible selection through the combination of a plurality of tempering raw materials, can be combined among the tempering raw materials according to the requirements, takes the acidity coefficient of the inorganic fiber after tempering as a final control target, and has more economical, reasonable and flexible tempering method; the process is simple and easy to control, and the production and preparation efficiency of the inorganic fiber is improved.

Description

Method for preparing inorganic fibers by using electric melting method of sintered mineral pellets
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic fiber preparation and resource recycling, and particularly relates to a method for preparing inorganic fibers by using an electric melting method of sintered mineral pellets.
Background
The inorganic mineral fiber is a fiber product prepared by taking substances with specific mineral compositions as raw materials and adopting a special production process. The main varieties include glass fiber, basalt fiber, rock wool fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, etc. Inorganic mineral fibers can be further divided into fixed length fibers and continuous fibers. The fixed-length fiber is prepared from one or more ores in proportion through high-temperature melting and centrifugal fiberizing processes, and a fiber product is formed through a certain molding process. Common products include glass wool, rock wool, aluminum silicate and other plate felt products; the continuous fiber is also super-long fiber made from one or more ores through a wire drawing bushing after being melted at high temperature in proportion, and common products include continuous glass fiber, continuous basalt fiber and the like. In particular, continuous basalt fibers are known as the fourth largest high quality fiber following carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers.
The heat sources adopted for melting in the preparation of the rock wool fiber are respectively coke and electricity. The melting furnace type is a coke cupola furnace and a resistance furnace respectively. The melting process of the rock wool fiber or the continuous basalt fiber adopts a coke furnace or a resistance furnace for melting, and has three important common characteristics: 1. the preparation of the fiber is carried out by the batching process of different materials so as to meet the specific chemical composition required by the preparation of the fiber. In order to achieve the aim, all the blending materials are required to be fully and uniformly mixed so as to ensure that the high-temperature viscosity can be accurately controlled after the materials are melted and meet the requirements of fiber making. At present, raw materials used for the ingredients are all in block shape, and are added into a kiln after being mixed by cold stirring; 2. the physical and chemical changes of the materials in the kiln are generated in a certain area along the axial direction of the furnace, and the materials are respectively (or alternately) subjected to the processes of temperature rising, dehydration, decomposition, sintering, melting and the like; 3. because of the different dehydration and decomposition temperatures of materials, the high-temperature melt is easy to generate foaming, and unbalance of chemical components and melting state of the product is caused.
Numerous studies have shown that: only on the basis of ensuring that the correct selection of the proportioning proportion and the accurate chemical composition of the melt are ensured, the fiber with good quality and performance can be prepared by a reasonable process system, and the balanced and stable production process is ensured.
Because the batching process involves various mineral raw materials, and the raw materials undergo different physical and chemical changes in the heating process, when various wastes with more complex chemical components are utilized to prepare the fiber, the problem that the melted belt materials are difficult to homogenize is particularly remarkable because the materials of the required batching are more in variety and a small amount of 'tempering' materials possibly exist, and the quality improvement of the fiber finished product is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing inorganic fibers by using an electric melting method for sintered mineral pellets, which solves the problems of inaccurate batching, high energy consumption, melt foaming and large damage to a melting furnace caused by the fact that a plurality of raw materials are involved for batching in the current production process of rock wool and continuous basalt fibers.
In order to realize the tasks, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing inorganic fiber by using a sintered mineral pellet electrofusion method comprises the steps of sintering raw materials into pellets to obtain sintered pellets, and carrying out electrofusion melting on the sintered pellets to obtain the inorganic fiber by spinning, wherein the melt viscosity after electrofusion melting is 0.2-1 Pa.S; the inorganic fibers comprise rock wool fibers and continuous basalt fibers;
the acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 0.9-2.4;
the acidity coefficient of the continuous basalt fiber is 5.2-10.
Further, the raw materials comprise, by mass, 0-75% of natural ore, 0-80% of low-grade iron ore, 0-60% of blast furnace slag, 0-15% of alkaline solvent and 10-25% of clay, wherein the addition amounts of the natural ore and the low-grade iron ore are not 0 at the same time, and the addition amounts of the blast furnace slag and the alkaline solvent are not 0 at the same time.
Still further, the natural ore includes one or more of basalt, diabase, and serpentine.
Further, the low-grade iron ore includes iron tailings and iron ore waste rocks, specifically one or more of magnetite tailings, hematite tailings waste rocks, limonite tailings waste rocks, siderite tailings waste rocks and mixed iron ore waste rocks.
Further, the blast furnace slag is one or more of blast furnace ironmaking slag and blast furnace ironmaking manganese slag.
Still further, the alkaline solvent is one or more of dolomite and limestone.
Further, the adhesive is one or more of clay, cellulose and bentonite.
Specifically, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃ and the sintering time is 20-40 min;
preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: putting the raw materials into a stirrer for stirring, preparing pellets with the particle size of 15-30 mm by a pelletizer under the condition of adding water, and sending the pellets into a rotary kiln for preheating at the room temperature of 800 ℃, drying and sintering at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 20-40 min to obtain sintered pellets;
step 2: and then sending the sintered pellets into an electric melting furnace for electric melting spinning to obtain the inorganic fiber, wherein the melt viscosity after electric melting is 0.2-1 Pa.S.
The inorganic fiber prepared by the method for preparing the inorganic fiber by using the electric melting method of the sintered mineral pellets comprises rock wool fiber and continuous basalt fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the traditional process of 'one-step' fiber making, the preparation method of the invention can save more energy effectively. The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is controlled to be 0.9-2.4, and the acidity coefficient of the continuous basalt fiber is controlled to be 5.2-10, so that the purposes of low melting temperature of raw materials and high yield of inorganic fibers are realized.
The combination of a plurality of tempering raw materials provides more flexible selection, the tempering raw materials can be combined according to the requirements, the acidity coefficient of the inorganic fiber after tempering is used as a final control target, and the tempering method is more economical, reasonable and flexible; the process is simple and easy to control, and the production and preparation efficiency of the inorganic fiber is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that a number of simple deductions or substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Sintered pellets are one method of artificial bulk material. The powder material with different chemical compositions can be converted into the bulk material with the same physical and chemical properties through the thermal process such as sintering, thereby meeting the requirement of material homogenization and providing qualified material guarantee for smoothly implementing the subsequent process. In the process of preparing the pellets, powdery materials form raw material particles, raw material sections or raw material balls (collectively referred to as raw material particles) with different shapes through different forming processes such as extrusion, rolling and the like, and have certain cohesive force. Because the raw material particles are prepared by mixing different powdery raw materials, the raw material particles have uniform components. By chemical analysis of the powdery raw material, accurate dosing can be performed according to the set chemical composition. And (3) putting the prepared raw material particles into a sintering kiln, and calcining to cause the raw material to undergo a sintering reaction to form sintered pellets with certain mechanical strength. The chemical components of the sintered pellets are balanced and stable, and meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the sintered pellets can meet the requirements of subsequent procedures. In the process of preparing sintered pellets by using the powder, complex physical properties such as density, porosity, size, mechanical strength and the like are significantly changed inside the pellets.
The instrument and the medicine in the invention are all mass percent and are all commercially available unless specified below.
The method for preparing the inorganic fibers by utilizing the electric melting method of the sintered mineral pellets fully utilizes the advantage of special precision ingredients of the sintered pellets, and the powder mineral is sintered into the sintered pellets with certain mechanical properties by a fire method to form rock wool fibers or basalt fiber secondary raw materials (sintered pellets) required by electric furnace melting. Meanwhile, as the pellets are quickly put into an electric furnace after being sintered, partial sensible heat is carried out, the energy can be effectively saved, and the load of a circuit is reduced.
The method comprises the steps of sintering raw materials into balls to obtain sintered balls, and carrying out electric melting and spinning on the sintered balls to obtain inorganic fibers, wherein the melt viscosity after electric melting is 0.2-1 Pa.S; the inorganic fibers comprise rock wool fibers and continuous basalt fibers, and the acidity coefficient of the rock wool fibers is 0.9-2.4; the acidity coefficient of the continuous basalt fiber is 5.2-10.
Blending and tempering the raw materials to obtain a tempered raw material. The combination of a plurality of tempering raw materials provides more flexible selection, the tempering raw materials can be combined according to the requirements, the acidity coefficient of the inorganic fiber after tempering is used as a final control target, and the tempering method is more economical, reasonable and flexible; the process is simple and easy to control, and the production and preparation efficiency of the inorganic fiber is improved.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preparing rock wool fibers by using an electric melting method for sintering mineral pellets, wherein the raw materials comprise 35% of natural ore, 0% of low-grade iron ore, 45% of blast furnace slag, 10% of alkaline solvent and 15% of clay by mass percent.
Basalt is selected as natural ore, blast furnace slag is selected as blast furnace ironmaking slag, and dolomite is selected as alkaline solvent.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the raw materials according to the formula, putting the raw materials into a stirrer for stirring and mixing uniformly, preparing the raw materials into pellets with the particle size of 20mm by a pelletizer under the condition of adding water for wetting, and sending the pellets into a rotary kiln for preheating at the room temperature of 800 ℃, drying and sintering at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 20-40 min to obtain sintered pellets;
step 2: and then the uncooled sintered pellets are sent into an electric melting furnace for material melting, the melt viscosity after electric melting is 0.2-10 Pa.S, and the fiber forming operation of the rock wool fiber is completed through a four-roller high-speed centrifuge. The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 2.1.
In this example, the chemical composition of basalt (natural ore) detected by an inorganic nonmetallic inspection instrument is as follows: siO (SiO) 2 57.85%;Al 2 O 3 15.79%;CaO 4.22%;MgO 3.29%;K 2 O2.38%;Na 2 O 4.43%;TFe 2 O 3 7.04%。
The blast furnace ironmaking slag comprises the following chemical components: siO (SiO) 2 33.95%;Al 2 O 3 13.49%;CaO36.69%;MgO 7.92%;TiO 2 4.24%;TFe 2 O 3 0.4%;Na 2 O 1.59%;K 2 O0.71%;
Dolomite (alkaline solvent) has the following chemical composition: siO (SiO) 2 4.54%;CaO 30.36%;MgO21.44%;Na 2 O 0.81%。
The clay has the following chemical components: siO (SiO) 2 45.54%;Al 2 O 3 38.63%;K 2 O1.42%。
The rest chemical components in the raw materials are loss on ignition, such as carbon dioxide, crystal water, oxygen and the like.
Example 2
Unlike example 1, the difference from example 1 is that: the raw materials in this example were, by mass, 0% of natural ore, 30% of low-grade iron ore, 55% of blast furnace slag, 0% of an alkaline solvent, and 15% of clay.
Blast furnace slag is selected from blast furnace ironmaking slag, and low-grade iron ore is magnetite tailing waste stone.
The chemical components of the waste magnetite tailings are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 42.9%;Al 2 O 3 12.66%;CaO 9.71%;MgO 5.38%;TiO 2 4.24%;TFe 2 O 3 0.35%;Na 2 O 4.82%。
The blast furnace ironmaking slag comprises the following chemical components: siO (SiO) 2 33.95%;Al 2 O 3 13.49%;CaO 36.69%;MgO 7.92%;TiO 2 4.24%;TFe 2 O 3 0.35%;Na 2 O 1.59%;K 2 O 0.71%。
The clay has the following chemical components: siO (SiO) 2 45.54%;Al 2 O 3 38.63%;K 2 O1.42%。
The acidity coefficient of the obtained rock wool fiber is 1.9.
In the embodiment, the low-grade iron ore is used for replacing natural ore, and rock wool fibers can be successfully prepared.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the raw materials in this example are, in mass%, 35% of natural ore, 40% of low-grade iron ore, 0% of blast furnace slag, 15% of alkaline solvent and 10% of clay, as in example 1.
Diabase is selected as natural ore, manganese slag is selected as blast furnace slag, and the low-grade iron ore is hematite tailing waste rock.
The grain diameter of the pellets in the step 1 is 15mm, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the sintering time is 40min; the melt viscosity after electrofusion in step 2 was 0.5pa.s. The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber prepared is 2.4.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the raw materials in this example are, in mass%, 70% of natural ore, 0% of low-grade iron ore, 0% of blast furnace slag, 5% of alkaline solvent and 25% of clay, as in example 1.
The natural ore is serpentine, the blast furnace slag is manganese slag, and the low-grade iron ore is limonite tailing waste rock.
The grain diameter of the pellets in the step 1 is 25mm, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the sintering time is 35min; the melt viscosity after the electrofusion melting in the step 2 is 0.8Pa.S. The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 2.0.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the raw materials in this example are, in mass%, 0% of natural ore, 20% of low-grade iron ore, 60% of blast furnace slag, 0% of alkaline solvent and 20% of clay, as in example 1.
Basalt is selected from natural ores, low-grade iron ores are siderite tailing waste rocks, and alkaline solvents are limestone.
The grain diameter of the pellets in the step 1 is 30mm, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the sintering time is 30min; the melt viscosity after the electrofusion melting in the step 2 is 0.6Pa.S. The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 1.8.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the raw materials are, by mass, 0% of natural ore, 0% of low-grade iron ore, 60% of blast furnace slag, 15% of alkaline solvent, and 25% of clay.
The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 0.8.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the raw materials are 10% by mass of natural ore, 75% by mass of low-grade iron ore, 0% by mass of blast furnace slag, 0% by mass of alkaline solvent and 15% by mass of clay.
The acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 3.0.
Example 6
Unlike example 1, continuous basalt fiber was produced, in which the raw materials in the example were, by mass, 0% of natural ore, 50% of low-grade iron ore, 35% of blast furnace slag, 5% of alkaline solvent, and 10% of clay.
The natural ore is diabase, the blast furnace slag is manganese slag, and the low-grade iron ore is mixed iron ore waste rock. The acidity coefficient of the prepared continuous basalt fiber is 5.5.
In this embodiment, low-grade iron ore is used to replace natural ore.
Example 7
Unlike example 1, continuous basalt fiber was produced, in which raw materials in the example were 5% by mass of natural ore, 60% by mass of low-grade iron ore, 15% by mass of blast furnace slag, 0% by mass of alkaline solvent, and 20% by mass of clay.
The natural ore is diabase, the blast furnace slag is manganese slag, and the low-grade iron ore is mixed iron ore waste rock. The acidity coefficient of the prepared continuous basalt fiber is 9.5.
Example 8
Unlike example 1, continuous basalt fiber was produced, in which raw materials in the example were 40% by mass of natural ore, 40% by mass of low-grade iron ore, 0% by mass of blast furnace slag, 8% by mass of alkaline solvent, and 12% by mass of clay.
The acidity coefficient of the prepared continuous basalt fiber is 8.3.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 6 in that the raw materials are, by mass, 0% of natural ore, 0% of low-grade iron ore, 60% of blast furnace slag, 15% of alkaline solvent, and 25% of clay.
The acidity coefficient of the prepared continuous basalt fiber is 11.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is different from example 6 in that the raw materials are 20% by mass of natural ore, 70% by mass of low-grade iron ore, 0% by mass of blast furnace slag, 10% by mass of alkaline solvent and 10% by mass of clay.
The acidity coefficient of the prepared continuous basalt fiber is 5.0.
According to chemical composition requirements (the following table) of rock wool fibers and continuous basalt fibers, batching calculation is carried out according to chemical components of basalt, diabase, serpentine, iron tailings or waste rock, blast furnace slag, dolomite, limestone, clay and the like, wherein the clay is used as a binder, and an acidity coefficient value, a sintering temperature, a sintering time and a high-temperature viscosity value are determined.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The method for preparing the inorganic fiber by using the electric melting method of the sintered mineral pellets is characterized by comprising the steps of sintering raw materials into balls to obtain sintered pellets, carrying out electric melting on the sintered pellets, and spinning to obtain the inorganic fiber, wherein the melt viscosity after electric melting is 0.2-1 Pa.S; the inorganic fibers comprise rock wool fibers and continuous basalt fibers;
the acidity coefficient of the rock wool fiber is 0.9-2.4;
the acidity coefficient of the continuous basalt fiber is 5.2-10;
the raw materials comprise, by mass, 0-75% of natural ore, 0-80% of low-grade iron ore, 0-60% of blast furnace slag, 0-15% of alkaline solvent and 10-25% of clay, wherein the addition amounts of the natural ore and the low-grade iron ore are not 0 at the same time, and the addition amounts of the blast furnace slag and the alkaline solvent are not 0 at the same time; the sum of the mass percentages of the raw materials is 100%;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: putting the raw materials into a stirrer for stirring, preparing pellets with the particle size of 15-30 mm by a pelletizer under the condition of adding water, and sending the pellets into a rotary kiln for preheating at the room temperature of 800 ℃, drying and sintering at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ to obtain sintered pellets; sintering time is 20-40 min;
step 2: then sending the sintered pellets into an electric melting furnace for electric melting spinning to obtain inorganic fibers, wherein the melt viscosity after electric melting is 0.2-1 Pa.S;
the natural ore comprises one or more of basalt, diabase and serpentine;
the low-grade iron ore comprises one or more of magnetite tailing waste rock, hematite tailing waste rock, limonite tailing waste rock, siderite tailing waste rock and mixed iron ore waste rock;
the blast furnace slag is one or more of blast furnace ironmaking slag and manganese slag;
the alkaline solvent is one or more of dolomite and limestone.
2. The inorganic fiber prepared by the method for preparing inorganic fiber by using the electric melting method of sintered mineral pellets, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the inorganic fiber comprises rock wool fiber and continuous basalt fiber.
CN202011346863.6A 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 Method for preparing inorganic fibers by using electric melting method of sintered mineral pellets Active CN112408772B (en)

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GB2203910.1A GB2607984A (en) 2020-11-26 2021-09-02 Method for preparing inorganic fibres by means of sintered mineral pellet electric melting
PCT/CN2021/116140 WO2022110956A1 (en) 2020-11-26 2021-09-02 Method for preparing inorganic fibers by means of sintered mineral pellet electric melting

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