CN112406467B - Heating device and heating method for electric automobile - Google Patents
Heating device and heating method for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112406467B CN112406467B CN202011300748.5A CN202011300748A CN112406467B CN 112406467 B CN112406467 B CN 112406467B CN 202011300748 A CN202011300748 A CN 202011300748A CN 112406467 B CN112406467 B CN 112406467B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00485—Valves for air-conditioning devices, e.g. thermostatic valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00507—Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
- B60H1/00557—Details of ducts or cables
- B60H1/00571—Details of ducts or cables of liquid ducts, e.g. for coolant liquids or refrigerants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/04—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heating device and a heating method for an electric automobile, wherein the heating device comprises: the system comprises a floor heat-conducting plate, a floor cooling water channel pipeline, a three-way valve, a first temperature sensor and a vehicle control unit; the floor heat-conducting plate is arranged below the electric automobile seat; the floor cooling water channel pipeline is arranged in the floor heat-conducting plate; a first interface of the three-way valve is connected with an external driving system cooling circulation water channel pipeline, a second interface of the three-way valve is connected with an external expansion water tank, and a third interface of the three-way valve is connected with an inlet of the floor cooling water channel pipeline; the first temperature sensor is arranged between a first interface of the three-way valve and the driving system cooling circulation water channel pipeline; and the vehicle control unit is used for controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid. The invention solves the problem of low endurance of the electric automobile in winter by effectively utilizing the waste heat of the motor to heat the passenger compartment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pure electric vehicle heating, in particular to an electric vehicle heating device and a heating method.
Background
According to different requirements of different parts on temperature and requirements of a passenger compartment, three sets of independent water circulation are generally adopted in an existing new energy pure electric vehicle type heat management system, wherein the three sets of independent water circulation comprise driving system cooling water circulation, battery pack cooling/heating water circulation and passenger compartment cooling/heating water circulation, and the system is shown in figure 1.
The cooling circulation of the driving system is similar to that of an engine of a traditional vehicle type, and four parts of a DC-DC converter, a vehicle-mounted charger, a motor controller and a driving motor are cooled through a cooling water tank (a radiator) and a cooling electronic fan.
The battery pack is sensitive to the ambient temperature, so that the battery pack can work at a proper temperature by adopting an independent cooling/heating cycle, and the service life is prolonged.
The passenger compartment cooling/heating system ensures the requirements of passengers by refrigerating through the electric compressor and heating through the passenger compartment PTC.
The main reason for the problem that the actual cruising range is far from the nominal cruising range due to low cruising range in winter of the existing pure electric automobile is that the heat management system of the pure electric automobile can frequently call the PTC of the high-power passenger compartment to heat under the low-temperature environment. The electric energy of the pure electric vehicle is limited, the PTC of the high-power passenger compartment occupies part of the electric energy, so that the electric energy distributed to the driving motor is reduced, and the actual endurance of the electric vehicle is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a heating device and a heating method for an electric automobile, which solve the problem of low endurance of the electric automobile in winter by effectively utilizing waste heat of a motor to heat a passenger compartment.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle heating apparatus including: the system comprises a floor heat-conducting plate, a floor cooling water pipeline, a three-way valve, a first temperature sensor and a vehicle control unit;
the floor heat-conducting plate is arranged below the electric automobile seat;
the floor cooling water channel pipeline is arranged in the floor heat-conducting plate;
a first interface of the three-way valve is connected with an external driving system cooling circulation water channel pipeline, a second interface of the three-way valve is connected with an external expansion water tank, and a third interface of the three-way valve is connected with an inlet of the floor cooling water channel pipeline;
the first temperature sensor is arranged between a first interface of the three-way valve and the driving system cooling circulation water channel pipeline; the first temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid before entering the floor cooling water channel pipeline;
the vehicle control unit is used for acquiring a first detection temperature of the first temperature sensor, controlling the working state of the three-way valve according to the first detection temperature and then controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the vehicle controller controls the working state of the three-way valve according to the first detected temperature, and then controls the flow direction of the coolant, specifically:
the vehicle control unit judges whether the first detection temperature reaches a heating threshold value, if so, the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve are controlled to be communicated, and the first interface and the second interface are not communicated; if not, controlling the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and controlling the first interface and the third interface not to be communicated.
As an improvement of the above solution, the electric vehicle heating apparatus further includes: a second temperature sensor;
the second temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid passing through the floor cooling water channel pipeline;
the vehicle control unit is further used for obtaining a second detection temperature of the second temperature sensor.
As an improvement of the above solution, the vehicle control unit is further configured to:
calculating a difference T between the first detected temperature and the second detected temperature;
if T is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve are communicated, and the first interface and the second interface are not communicated;
And if the T is less than or equal to the second threshold value, the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve are communicated, and the first interface and the third interface are not communicated.
As an improvement of the scheme, the floor heat-conducting plate is obtained by modifying an original floor heat-conducting plate below the seat of the electric automobile.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal management system for an electric vehicle, including: the driving system cooling circulation water path system, the battery pack circulation water path system, the passenger compartment circulation water path system and the electric vehicle heating device of the embodiment.
The electric automobile heating device is connected with the driving system cooling circulation water path system; the driving system cooling circulating waterway system is also connected with the passenger cabin circulating waterway system; and the passenger cabin circulating waterway system is also connected with the battery pack circulating waterway system.
The invention provides a heating device and a heating method for an electric automobile, which are characterized in that a floor heat conducting plate below an electric automobile seat is reformed, a floor cooling water pipeline is arranged in the heat conducting plate and is connected with a driving system cooling water pipeline, a three-way valve is controlled by a controller, the conduction and the closure of three interfaces are controlled according to the temperature obtained by a temperature sensor, and the redundant heating energy of a driving motor is conducted to a passenger cabin through the floor cooling water pipeline, so that the passenger cabin is heated without starting a high-power passenger cabin PTC heater, and the electric quantity of a battery pack originally distributed to PTC heating is used for the driving of the automobile, thereby improving the endurance mileage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication between a first port and a second port of a three-way valve according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication between the first port and the third port of the three-way valve according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the water-cooled floor heating device for home decoration;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a floor heat-conducting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the invention provides an electric vehicle thermal management system, which includes an electric vehicle heating apparatus 1, a driving system cooling circulation water path system 2, a battery pack circulation water path system 3, and a passenger compartment circulation water path system 4.
The electric automobile heating device 1 is connected with the driving system cooling circulation water path system 2. The driving system cooling circulating water path system 2 is also connected with the passenger compartment circulating water path system 3. The passenger compartment circulating waterway system 3 is also connected with a battery pack circulating waterway system 4.
The electric vehicle heating device 1 comprises a floor heat-conducting plate 10, a floor cooling water pipeline 11, a three-way valve 12, a first temperature sensor 13 and a vehicle control unit 14. Wherein, the floor heat-conducting plate 10 is installed below the seat of the electric automobile. The floor cooling water channel 11 is installed in the floor heat-conducting plate 10. A first interface A of the three-way valve is connected with an external driving system cooling circulation water channel, a second interface B of the three-way valve 12 is connected with an external expansion water tank, and a third interface C of the three-way valve 12 is connected with an inlet of the floor cooling water channel 11. The first temperature sensor 13 is disposed between the first connection a of the three-way valve 12 and the drive system cooling circulation water path pipe. The first temperature sensor 13 is configured to detect a temperature of the coolant before entering the floor cooling water channel 11. The vehicle control unit 14 is configured to obtain a first detected temperature of the first temperature sensor 13, control an operating state of the three-way valve 12 according to the first detected temperature, and then control a flow direction of the coolant.
The driving system cooling circulation water path system 2 comprises a cooling water tank, an electronic fan, a driving system water pump, a DC-DC converter, a vehicle-mounted charger, a motor controller, a driving motor and a driving system expansion water tank. The cooling water tank is connected with the DC-DC converter, the DC-DC converter is further connected with the vehicle-mounted charger, the motor controller is further connected with the driving motor, the driving motor is connected with the electric automobile heating device 1 through a driving system cooling circulation water path pipeline, the electric automobile heating device 1 is further connected with the driving system expansion water tank through a driving system cooling circulation water path pipeline, the driving system expansion water tank is further connected with the driving system water pump, and the driving system water pump is further connected with the cooling water tank.
According to the electric vehicle type heat management system provided by the embodiment of the invention, a water channel pipeline is led out from the back of the driving motor to the heat conducting plate of the vehicle cabin, and the heat generated by the driving motor is used for heating the passenger cabin. Compared with the electric vehicle type heat management system in fig. 1, the new parts comprise a temperature sensor 13, a three-way valve 12, a floor heat conducting plate 10, a temperature sensor 15 and corresponding water pipe accessories. The vehicle control unit 14 obtains a first detected temperature of the temperature sensor 13.
Illustratively, the vehicle controller 14 controls an operating state of the three-way valve 12 according to the first detected temperature, and then controls the flow direction of the coolant, specifically:
the vehicle control unit 14 determines whether the first detected temperature reaches a heating threshold, and if yes, referring to fig. 4, controls the first port a and the third port C of the three-way valve 12 to be communicated and the first port a and the second port B to be not communicated; if not, referring to fig. 3, the first port a and the second port B of the three-way valve 12 are controlled to be communicated, and the first port a and the third port C are not communicated.
For example, in winter when the temperature is low, the driver drives the electric vehicle and needs to use the heating function of the passenger compartment. At this time, after the vehicle control unit 14 detects that the coolant passes through the driving motor in the pipe in the driving system cooling circulation water channel system 2 through the temperature sensor 13, the temperature of the coolant reaches the preset temperature heating threshold of 50 ℃ or more, which means that the residual heat of the motor is enough for heating the passenger compartment at this time. The vehicle control unit 14 changes the water flow direction from the 'A-B-expansion water tank' to the 'A-C-floor heat-conducting plate 10-expansion water tank' through the controller three-way valve 12, so that heating of the passenger compartment is realized.
Illustratively, the electric vehicle heating apparatus 1 further includes: a second temperature sensor 15.
The second temperature sensor 15 is configured to detect a temperature of the coolant after passing through the floor cooling water channel 11.
The vehicle control unit 14 is further configured to obtain a second detected temperature of the second temperature sensor 15.
Calculating a difference T between the first detected temperature and the second detected temperature.
If T is greater than or equal to the first threshold, referring to fig. 4, the first port a and the third port C of the three-way valve 12 are communicated, and the first port a and the second port B are not communicated;
if T is less than or equal to the second threshold, referring to fig. 3, the first port a and the second port B of the three-way valve 12 are communicated and the first port a and the third port C are not communicated.
For example, the vehicle control unit 14 calculates the difference T by calculating the first sensing temperature and the second sensing temperature acquired by the first temperature sensor 13 and the second temperature sensor 15, and when T is greater than or equal to 5 ℃, the a-C channel of the three-way valve 12 is continuously kept in conduction; when T is less than or equal to 2 ℃, the A-C channel of the three-way valve 12 is disconnected, and the A-B channel is conducted.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first threshold value and the second threshold value are set, the conducting direction of the three-way valve 12 is dynamically adjusted, the temperature of the cooling liquid is ensured to be stable when the cooling liquid flows through the passenger compartment, and overhigh or overlow temperature can not occur. Moreover, if the temperature of the coolant after flowing through the passenger compartment is low, the subsequent working states of other components in the driving system cooling circulation water channel system 2 are affected, and the heating effect is not obvious at this time, so that the a-C channel of the three-way valve 12 is disconnected and the a-B channel is conducted when T is less than or equal to the second threshold value.
According to the electric automobile heating device 1 provided by the invention, the floor cooling water channel pipeline 11 is arranged in the floor heat conducting plate 10 by changing the floor heat conducting plate below the electric automobile seat, the floor cooling water channel pipeline 11 is connected with the driving system cooling water channel pipeline, the three-way valve 12 is controlled by the vehicle control unit 14, the conduction and the closing of the three interfaces are controlled according to the temperature obtained by the temperature sensors 13 and 15, and the redundant heating energy obtained by the driving motor is conducted to the passenger cabin through the floor cooling water channel pipeline 11, so that the passenger cabin is heated without starting a high-power passenger cabin PTC heater, and the electric quantity of a battery pack originally distributed for PTC heating is used for vehicle running, and the endurance mileage is improved.
Exemplarily, the floor heat conduction plate is obtained by modifying an original floor heat conduction plate below the seat of the electric automobile.
Referring to fig. 5, the principle of the water-cooled floor heating device for home decoration is as follows: the whole ground is used as a radiator, the whole ground is uniformly heated through a heating medium in a floor radiation layer, and the heating is achieved by conducting from bottom to top by utilizing the self heat storage and heat upward radiation rule of the ground.
According to the principle of the water-cooled floor heating device for home decoration, a heat conducting plate of a floor below a seat is reformed, a cooling water channel pipeline is arranged in the heat conducting plate, and the reformed heat conducting plate of the floor is shown in fig. 6. And connecting the cooling water channel pipeline with the driving system cooling water channel pipeline, and heating the passenger compartment by adjusting the three-way valve switch.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle heating control method, which is applied to the electric vehicle heating apparatus 1 or the electric vehicle thermal management system in the above embodiment, and includes steps S1 to S4:
and S1, acquiring a first detection temperature of the first temperature sensor.
And S2, judging whether the first detection temperature reaches a heating threshold value.
And S3, if yes, controlling the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the second interface to be not communicated.
And S4, if not, controlling the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the third interface to be not communicated.
In an exemplary embodiment, the electric vehicle heating control method, after S4, further includes:
and S5, acquiring a second detection temperature of the second temperature sensor.
And S6, calculating the difference T between the first detection temperature and the second detection temperature.
S7, if T is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve are communicated, and the first interface and the second interface are not communicated.
And S8, if T is less than or equal to the second threshold value, enabling the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the third interface not to be communicated.
According to the heating method of the electric automobile, the floor cooling water channel pipeline is arranged in the heat conducting plate by changing the floor heat conducting plate below the seat of the electric automobile, the floor cooling water channel pipeline is connected with the driving system cooling water channel pipeline, the three-way valve is controlled by the controller, the conduction and the closing of the three interfaces are controlled according to the temperature obtained by the temperature sensor, and the redundant heating energy of the driving motor is conducted to the passenger cabin through the floor cooling water channel pipeline, so that the passenger cabin is heated without starting a high-power passenger cabin PTC heater, and therefore the electric quantity of a battery pack originally distributed for PTC heating is used for driving of the automobile, and the endurance mileage is improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An electric vehicle heating system, comprising: the system comprises a floor heat-conducting plate, a floor cooling water channel pipeline, a three-way valve, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a vehicle control unit;
The floor heat-conducting plate is arranged below the electric automobile seat;
the floor cooling water channel pipeline is arranged in the floor heat-conducting plate;
a first interface of the three-way valve is connected with an external driving system cooling circulation waterway pipeline, a second interface of the three-way valve is connected with an external expansion water tank, and a third interface of the three-way valve is connected with an inlet of the floor cooling waterway pipeline;
the first temperature sensor is arranged between a first interface of the three-way valve and the driving system cooling circulation water pipeline; the first temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid before the cooling liquid enters the floor cooling water channel pipeline;
the second temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid after passing through the floor cooling water channel pipeline;
the vehicle control unit is used for acquiring a first detection temperature of the first temperature sensor, controlling the working state of the three-way valve according to the first detection temperature and then controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid;
the vehicle control unit is further used for acquiring a second detection temperature of the second temperature sensor and calculating a difference value T between the first detection temperature and the second detection temperature; if T is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve are communicated, and the first interface and the second interface are not communicated; and if the T is less than or equal to the second threshold value, the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve are communicated, and the first interface and the third interface are not communicated.
2. The electric vehicle heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle controller controls an operating state of the three-way valve according to the first detected temperature, and then controls a flow direction of the coolant, specifically:
the vehicle control unit judges whether the first detection temperature reaches a heating threshold value, if so, the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve are controlled to be communicated, and the first interface and the second interface are not communicated; if not, controlling the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the third interface to be not communicated.
3. The electric vehicle heating system of claim 1, wherein the floor heat-conducting plate is obtained by modifying an original floor heat-conducting plate under the seat of the electric vehicle.
4. An electric vehicle thermal management system, comprising: a drive system cooling circulation water path system, a battery pack circulation water path system, a passenger compartment circulation water path system and an electric vehicle heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
the electric automobile heating device is connected with the driving system cooling circulation water path system; the driving system cooling circulating water path system is also connected with the passenger cabin circulating water path system; and the passenger cabin circulating waterway system is also connected with the battery pack circulating waterway system.
5. An electric vehicle heating control method applied to the electric vehicle heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
acquiring a first detection temperature of the first temperature sensor;
judging whether the first detection temperature reaches a heating threshold value;
if so, controlling the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the second interface not to be communicated;
if not, controlling the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the third interface to be not communicated;
acquiring a second detection temperature of the second temperature sensor;
calculating a difference T between the first detected temperature and the second detected temperature;
if T is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the first interface and the third interface of the three-way valve are communicated, and the first interface and the second interface are not communicated;
and if the T is less than or equal to the second threshold value, enabling the first interface and the second interface of the three-way valve to be communicated and the first interface and the third interface not to be communicated.
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| CN202011300748.5A CN112406467B (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2020-11-19 | Heating device and heating method for electric automobile |
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