CN112405114A - Machine tool error compensation method and system - Google Patents
Machine tool error compensation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112405114A CN112405114A CN201910777334.2A CN201910777334A CN112405114A CN 112405114 A CN112405114 A CN 112405114A CN 201910777334 A CN201910777334 A CN 201910777334A CN 112405114 A CN112405114 A CN 112405114A
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- compensation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35408—Calculate new position data from actual data to compensate for contour error
Abstract
The invention discloses a machine tool error compensation method and a system, wherein the compensation method comprises the following steps: processing and generating a calibration model according to the size of a target product; acquiring a first error diff1, wherein the first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product; acquiring an actual measurement size tru, wherein the actual measurement size tru is the size of the calibration model measured on the target machine tool; acquiring a compensation value con, wherein the compensation value con is def + diff 1-tru; and compensating the compensation value con to the target machine tool for processing the workpiece. The invention can realize the comprehensive compensation of the machine tool error and improve the machining precision of the machine tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool error compensation, and particularly relates to a machine tool error compensation method and system.
Background
The machine tool itself may have errors from the theoretical dimensions, and therefore, after assembly, the machine tool itself may have errors. Errors exist in materials or processing procedures, for example, mechanical deformation of a machine tool generated in a processing process or structural deformation of the machine tool caused by temperature change, so that deviation of the size of a processed workpiece from a theoretical size often occurs in the process of processing by using the machine tool.
In order to reduce the deviation between the size of the machined workpiece and the theoretical size, the compensation of the machine tool precision is usually realized by methods such as thread pitch compensation, structural compensation, reverse compensation, thermal deformation compensation and the like. However, these methods also have drawbacks. For example, different measuring devices are required to obtain compensation data, and some measuring devices are expensive, which adds cost to the compensation of machine tool accuracy. Furthermore, the accuracy of the measurement device itself may also affect the accuracy of the acquisition of the compensation data. Although the machining accuracy is improved to some extent by the compensation, various errors of the entire machine tool are not completely compensated, and the compensation accuracy is not high enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of low precision of machine tool error compensation in the prior art and provides a machine tool error compensation method and a machine tool error compensation system.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a machine tool error compensation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, processing and generating a calibration model according to the size of the target product;
s2, acquiring a first error diff1, wherein the first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product;
s3, acquiring an actual measurement size tru, wherein the actual measurement size tru is the size of the calibration model measured on the target machine tool;
s4, obtaining a compensation value con, wherein the compensation value con is def + diff 1-tru;
and S5, compensating the compensation value con to the target machine tool for workpiece machining.
Preferably, step S2 includes: a first error diff1 is obtained using a three coordinate measuring device.
Preferably, step S3 includes:
s31, placing the calibration model on a target machine tool, and determining the position of the calibration model in a four-side centering mode;
s32, determining the orientation of the calibration model by adopting a mode of carrying out plane fitting on at least three points;
and S33, measuring point position information on the calibration model by using a probe arranged on the target machine tool to obtain the actual measurement size tru.
Preferably, step S5 includes:
constructing a first compensation surface through a B-Spline (B-Spline curve) curved surface according to the size def and the compensation value con of the target product, and constructing a multi-layer second compensation surface according to the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system of the target machine tool; performing interpolation according to the first compensation surface and the second compensation surface to construct a three-dimensional compensation model; the three-dimensional compensation model is used for the target machine tool to process the workpiece.
The invention also provides a compensation system of the machine tool error, which comprises a model generation unit, an error acquisition unit, an actual measurement size acquisition unit and a compensation unit;
the model generating unit is used for generating a calibration model according to the size processing of the target product;
the error obtaining unit is used for obtaining a first error diff1, wherein the first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product;
the actual measurement size obtaining unit is used for obtaining an actual measurement size tru, and the actual measurement size tru is the size measured by the calibration model on the target machine tool;
the compensation unit is used for acquiring a compensation value con, wherein the compensation value con is def + diff 1-tru;
the compensation unit is used for compensating the compensation value con to the target machine tool for processing the workpiece.
Preferably, the error acquisition unit comprises a three-coordinate measuring device.
Preferably, the actual measurement size obtaining unit determines the position of the calibration model by adopting a four-side centering mode when the calibration model is placed on the target machine tool;
the actual measurement size obtaining unit is also used for determining the orientation of the calibration model by adopting a mode of carrying out plane fitting on at least three points;
the actual measurement size obtaining unit comprises a probe arranged on the target machine tool, and the probe is used for measuring point location information on the calibration model so as to obtain an actual measurement size tru.
Preferably, the compensation unit is further used for constructing a first compensation surface through a B-Spline curved surface according to the dimension def and the compensation value con of the target product, and the compensation unit is further used for constructing a plurality of layers of second compensation surfaces according to the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system of the target machine tool; the compensation unit is also used for carrying out interpolation according to the first compensation surface and the second compensation surface so as to construct a three-dimensional compensation model; the three-dimensional compensation model is used for the target machine tool to process the workpiece.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can realize the comprehensive compensation of the machine tool error and improve the machining precision of the machine tool.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for compensating for machine tool errors according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a calibration model of a machine error compensation method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the step S103 of the method for compensating the machine tool error according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a machine error compensation system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following preferred embodiments, but is not intended to be limited thereby.
The embodiment provides a machine tool error compensation method, and referring to fig. 1, the compensation method includes the following steps:
and S101, processing and generating a calibration model according to the size of the target product. That is, a model is obtained by machining a target product designed according to its dimensions on a single machine tool, and the model is used as a calibration model. There is an error between the dimensions of the calibration model and the dimensions of the target product, which error is introduced by the machine tool. FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a calibration model generated by the process. The calibration model is a three-dimensional model and has a stepped structure. In other alternative embodiments, more complex scaling models may be provided.
Step S102, a first error diff1 is obtained. The first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product. As an alternative embodiment, a three coordinate measuring device is used to obtain the first error diff 1. The three-coordinate measuring device has a function of detecting a difference between an actual size of the calibration model and a size of the target product. The first error diff1 includes error values in three dimensions of space.
And step S103, acquiring the actual measurement size tru. And the measured dimension tru is the dimension of the calibration model measured on the target machine tool. The measured dimension tru includes dimension values in three dimensions of space.
In specific implementation, referring to fig. 3, step S103 includes the following steps:
and step S1031, placing the calibration model on the target machine tool, and determining the position of the calibration model in a four-side centering mode. The position of the calibration model placed on the target machine tool is a target position where a workpiece is installed when the target machine tool is used for actual machining.
And S1032, determining the orientation of the calibration model by adopting a mode of carrying out plane fitting on at least three points. The technical means of performing plane fitting based on at least three points on an object to determine the orientation of the object is capable of being implemented by those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
And step S1033, point location information on the calibration model is measured by the probe arranged on the target machine tool to obtain the actual measurement size tru. The measured dimensions contain errors introduced by the target machine tool.
After step S103, step S104 is executed to acquire the compensation value con. The offset con is def + diff 1-tru.
And step S105, compensating the compensation value con to the target machine tool for processing the workpiece. In specific implementation, step S105 includes: constructing a first compensation surface through a B-Spline curved surface according to the size def and the compensation value con of the target product, and constructing a multi-layer second compensation surface according to the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system of the target machine tool; performing interpolation according to the first compensation surface and the second compensation surface to construct a three-dimensional compensation model; the three-dimensional compensation model is used for the target machine tool to process the workpiece. Then, the workpiece is machined on the target machine tool according to the three-dimensional compensation model. Through the compensation, the target machine tool can be comprehensively compensated, so that a high-precision machined product is obtained.
The present embodiment further provides a machine tool error compensation system, and referring to fig. 4, the compensation system includes a model generation unit 201, an error acquisition unit 202, a measured size acquisition unit 203, and a compensation unit 204.
The model generating unit 201 is used for generating a calibration model according to the size processing of the target product. In an alternative embodiment, the model generation unit 201 is a machine tool. A model is obtained by machining on the machine tool according to the size of the designed target product, and the model is used as a calibration model. There is an error between the size of the calibration model and the size of the target product, which is introduced by this machine.
The error obtaining unit 202 is configured to obtain a first error diff 1. The first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product. As an alternative embodiment, the error acquisition unit 202 is a three-coordinate measuring device. The three-coordinate measuring device has a function of detecting a difference between an actual size of the calibration model and a size of the target product.
The measured size acquiring unit 203 acquires the measured size tru. And the measured dimension tru is the dimension of the calibration model measured on the target machine tool.
In specific implementation, when the calibration model is placed on the target machine tool, the measured size obtaining unit 203 determines the position of the calibration model in a four-side centering manner. The position of the calibration model placed on the target machine tool is a target position where a workpiece is installed when the target machine tool is used for actual machining.
The measured size obtaining unit 203 is further configured to determine the orientation of the calibration model by performing plane fitting using at least three points.
The measured size obtaining unit 203 includes a probe disposed on the target machine tool, and the probe is configured to measure point location information on the calibration model to obtain the measured size tru. The measured dimensions contain errors introduced by the target machine tool.
The compensation unit 204 is used for obtaining a compensation value con. The offset con is def + diff 1-tru.
The compensation unit 204 is configured to also compensate the compensation value con to the target machine tool for workpiece machining. In specific implementation, the compensation unit 204 is further configured to construct a first compensation surface through a B-Spline curved surface according to the size def and the compensation value con of the target product, and the compensation unit 204 is further configured to construct a multi-layer second compensation surface according to the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system of the target machine tool; the compensation unit 204 is further configured to perform interpolation according to the first compensation surface and the second compensation surface to construct a three-dimensional compensation model; the three-dimensional compensation model is used for the target machine tool to process the workpiece.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of compensating for machine tool errors, comprising the steps of:
s1, processing and generating a calibration model according to the size of the target product;
s2, acquiring a first error diff1, wherein the first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product;
s3, obtaining an actually measured size tru, wherein the actually measured size tru is the size of the calibration model measured on a target machine tool;
s4, obtaining a compensation value con, wherein the compensation value con is def + diff 1-tru;
and S5, compensating the compensation value con to the target machine tool for workpiece machining.
2. The machine tool error compensation method according to claim 1, wherein step S2 includes: the first error diff1 is obtained using a three coordinate measuring device.
3. The machine tool error compensation method according to claim 1, wherein step S3 includes:
s31, placing the calibration model on the target machine tool, and determining the position of the calibration model in a four-side-centering mode;
s32, determining the orientation of the calibration model by adopting a mode of carrying out plane fitting on at least three points;
and S33, measuring point position information on the calibration model by using a probe arranged on the target machine tool to obtain the actual measurement size tru.
4. The machine tool error compensation method according to claim 1, wherein step S5 includes:
constructing a first compensation surface through a B-Spline curved surface according to the size def of the target product and the compensation value con, and constructing a multi-layer second compensation surface according to the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system of the target machine tool; interpolating according to the first compensation surface and the second compensation surface to construct a three-dimensional compensation model; the three-dimensional compensation model is used for the target machine tool to process workpieces.
5. A compensation system for machine tool errors is characterized by comprising a model generation unit, an error acquisition unit, an actual measurement size acquisition unit and a compensation unit;
the model generating unit is used for generating a calibration model according to the size processing of a target product;
the error obtaining unit is used for obtaining a first error diff1, wherein the first error is the difference between the actual size of the calibration model and the size def of the target product;
the actual measurement size obtaining unit is used for obtaining an actual measurement size tru, and the actual measurement size tru is the size of the calibration model measured on the target machine tool;
the compensation unit is used for acquiring a compensation value con, wherein the compensation value con is def + diff 1-tru;
the compensation unit is used for compensating the compensation value con to the target machine tool for processing the workpiece.
6. The system for compensating for machine tool errors of claim 5, wherein the error acquisition unit comprises a three-coordinate measuring device.
7. The system for compensating for machine tool errors of claim 5, wherein the measured-size obtaining unit determines the position of the calibration model in a four-faceted manner when the calibration model is placed on the target machine tool;
the actual measurement size obtaining unit is further used for determining the orientation of the calibration model in a mode of performing plane fitting by adopting at least three points;
the actual measurement size obtaining unit comprises a probe arranged on the target machine tool, and the probe is used for measuring point location information on the calibration model so as to obtain the actual measurement size tru.
8. The machine error compensation system according to claim 5, wherein the compensation unit is further configured to construct a first compensation surface by a B-Spline surface according to the dimension def of the target product and the compensation value con, and to construct a plurality of layers of second compensation surfaces according to the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system of the target machine; the compensation unit is further used for carrying out interpolation according to the first compensation surface and the second compensation surface to construct a three-dimensional compensation model; the three-dimensional compensation model is used for the target machine tool to process workpieces.
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