CN112398405B - AC motor voltage-regulating and speed-regulating control system and method - Google Patents

AC motor voltage-regulating and speed-regulating control system and method Download PDF

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CN112398405B
CN112398405B CN202011133232.6A CN202011133232A CN112398405B CN 112398405 B CN112398405 B CN 112398405B CN 202011133232 A CN202011133232 A CN 202011133232A CN 112398405 B CN112398405 B CN 112398405B
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alternating current
speed
current motor
microcontroller
voltage
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CN112398405A (en
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王琪
叶智强
罗印升
宁崴
郭家琛
陆逸洋
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Jiangsu University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/0004Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a voltage and speed regulation control system and a method for an alternating current motor, wherein the voltage and speed regulation control system comprises the following steps: the microcontroller is respectively connected with the external control end and the rotary encoder of the alternating current motor and used for generating a pulse modulation signal according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder; the digital-to-analog conversion circuit is connected with the microcontroller and is used for converting the pulse modulation signal output by the microcontroller into a corresponding analog signal; the AVR microcontroller is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion circuit and used for converting the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit into a recognizable digital signal and generating a speed regulation signal according to the generated digital signal; and the voltage regulating circuit is respectively connected with the AVR microcontroller and the alternating current motor and is used for regulating the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal generated by the AVR microcontroller so as to realize the speed regulation of the alternating current motor. The control of the on-off of the thyristor is realized based on the fuzzy PID controller, so that the effective regulation of the input power supply voltage and the rotating speed of the alternating current motor is realized, the precision is high, and the anti-interference capability is strong.

Description

AC motor voltage and speed regulation control system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control, in particular to a voltage and speed regulating control system and method for an alternating current motor.
Background
In recent years, alternating current motors have been widely used in various fields such as electric vehicles, machine lathes, and the like. In practical application, different requirements of motor load on rotating speed can be met through motor speed regulation (regulating the rotating speed of the motor), and the design and research of the speed regulation controller are very important for achieving the purposes of high speed regulation precision and wide speed regulation range of the alternating current motor.
In the early days, due to the shortage and immaturity of power electronic components, few power electronic components can be selected for forming an alternating current transmission control system, and analog separation devices are mostly selected. The speed regulation control method of the motor needs a plurality of analog devices, and the problems of low precision, large error, low reliability and the like are directly caused due to the fact that temperature drift or zero drift voltage generally exists in the analog devices, and the production efficiency is seriously influenced. With the development of power electronic technology, power electronic devices are developed towards high integration and miniaturization, the reliability is higher and higher, the cost is lower and lower, the performance of an alternating current speed regulating system is improved, and the application range is continuously expanded. However, in the case of using a new power electronic device to realize the speed regulation of the motor, the method for controlling the conduction and the disconnection of the device is usually made more complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a voltage and speed regulating control system and method for an alternating current motor, which effectively solve the technical problems of low precision, poor reliability, high implementation difficulty and the like of the existing alternating current motor speed regulating control method.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an AC motor voltage and speed regulation control system, comprising:
the microcontroller is respectively connected with the external control end and the rotary encoder of the alternating current motor and used for generating a pulse modulation signal according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder;
the digital-to-analog conversion circuit is connected with the microcontroller and is used for converting the pulse modulation signal output by the microcontroller into a corresponding analog signal;
the AVR microcontroller is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion circuit and used for converting the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit into a recognizable digital signal and generating a speed regulation signal according to the generated digital signal;
and the voltage regulating circuit is respectively connected with the AVR microcontroller and the alternating current motor and is used for regulating the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal generated by the AVR microcontroller so as to realize the speed regulation of the alternating current motor.
The invention also provides a voltage and speed regulation control method of the alternating current motor, which comprises the following steps:
the microcontroller generates a pulse modulation signal according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder;
the digital-to-analog conversion circuit converts the pulse modulation signal output by the microcontroller into a corresponding analog signal;
the AVR microcontroller converts the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit into a recognizable digital signal and generates a speed regulating signal according to the generated digital signal;
and the voltage regulating circuit regulates the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal so as to realize the speed regulation of the alternating current motor.
The invention also provides a voltage and speed regulating control system and method of the alternating current motor, wherein the thyristor is used as a switching device, a voltage regulating circuit of single-phase alternating current is designed, the on-off control of the thyristor is realized based on the fuzzy PID controller, the effective regulation of the input power supply voltage and the rotating speed of the alternating current motor is further realized, and the system and the method have high precision and strong anti-interference capability. In addition, the combination of the microcontroller and the AVR microcontroller further improves the stability of system operation, and avoids interference and series-parallel connection in the real-time pulse control and signal conversion processes.
Drawings
The foregoing features, technical features, advantages and embodiments are further described in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a voltage and speed regulation control system of an AC motor in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a voltage regulator circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the structure of the fuzzy control device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the AC motor voltage and speed regulation control method of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-control end, 2-microcontroller, 3-digital-to-analog conversion circuit, 4-AVR microcontroller, 5-voltage regulation circuit, 61-alternating current motor, 62-rotary encoder, 7-comparator and 8-fuzzy PID controller
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them.
As shown in fig. 1, the voltage and speed regulating control system for ac motor provided by the present invention includes: the microcontroller 2 is respectively connected with the external control end 1 and the rotary encoder of the alternating current motor 61 and is used for generating pulse modulation signals according to the given speed input by the external control end 1 and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder 62; the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 3 is connected with the microcontroller 2 and is used for converting the pulse modulation signal output by the microcontroller 2 into a corresponding analog signal; the AVR microcontroller 4 is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 3 and is used for converting the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 3 into a recognizable digital signal and generating a speed regulating signal according to the generated digital signal; and the voltage regulating circuit 5 is respectively connected with the AVR microcontroller 4 and the alternating current motor 61 and is used for regulating the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal generated by the AVR microcontroller 4 so as to realize the speed regulation of the alternating current motor.
In the control system, the specific models of the microcontroller 2 and the AVR microcontroller 4 can be selected according to actual conditions, and theoretically, the chips capable of achieving the purpose of the invention are included in the scope thereof. In one example, the microcontroller 2 is an 8051 single chip microcomputer, and the AVR microcontroller 4 is an AVR single chip microcomputer. In this example, the external control terminal 1(PC terminal, etc.) is connected to a communication interface in the 8051 single chip microcomputer, so that the control terminal 1 can transmit a given speed to the 8051 single chip microcomputer through the communication interface. The 8051 single chip microcomputer receives the given speed and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder, performs pulse modulation on the alternating current motor to generate a pulse modulation signal, further transmits the pulse modulation signal to the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 3, and converts a digital signal into an analog signal. The digital-to-analog conversion circuit 3 is connected with an analog-to-digital conversion circuit in the AVR singlechip to convert the analog signal into a digital signal which can be identified by the AVR singlechip, then the AVR singlechip further obtains a speed regulation signal (suitable for industrial real-time control pulse width signal) according to the digital signal generated by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and outputs the speed regulation signal to the voltage regulation circuit 5 through the port 1, and the regulation of the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor 61 is realized through the voltage regulation circuit 5, so that the regulation of the motor rotating speed is realized.
As shown in FIG. 2, the voltage regulating circuit 5 includes a first thyristor VT1The second thyristor VT2And a load resistor R, a first thyristor VT1And a second thyristor VT2Antiparallel connection (first thyristor VT)1Anode second thyristor VT of2Is connected to the cathode of the first thyristor VT1Cathode second thyristor VT of2The cathode and the anode) of the circuit, wherein one end of the parallel connection is connected with one end of the load resistor R, the other end of the parallel connection and the other end of the load resistor R are used as input ends of the circuit, and the input is standard single-phase alternating current u1(ii) a First thyristor VT1And a second thyristor VT2Is connected with the AVR microcontroller 4, and the voltage at the two ends of the load resistor is used as the output u of the voltage regulating circuito. In the working process, the standard single-phase alternating current u1The input positive half cycle and the input negative half cycle are respectively applied to the first thyristor VT through the speed regulating signal generated by the AVR microcontroller 41And a second thyristor VT2The conduction angle alpha is controlled, the purpose of adjusting the alternating current output voltage can be achieved, and the method is simple, convenient and high in accuracy.
In order to realize closed-loop control, the microcontroller 2 further comprises a fuzzy control device, as shown in fig. 3, and the comparator 7 is respectively connected with the rotary encoder 62 of the ac motor and the external control terminal 1, and is configured to obtain the real-time rotation speed of the ac motor 61 and compare the real-time rotation speed with a given speed; a fuzzy PID controller 8 respectively connected with the comparator 7 and the first thyristor VT in the voltage regulating circuit 51And a second thyristor VT2Connected to generate a pulse modulated signal in dependence on an error signal between the real time rotational speed of the ac motor 61 and the given speed.
In this process, first, a speed V is given*(t) is compared in a comparator with the actual speed v (t) fed back by the ac motor 61 and an error signal e (t) is generated. Then, the error signal E (t) is processed by the fuzzy PID controller 8 to obtain a pulse modulation signal G (t), and the on-off control G (t) is sent to the voltage regulating circuit 5 through the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 3 and the AVR microcontroller 4 to control the firstThe on-off of the thyristor and the second thyristor controls the output of the voltage regulating circuit 5 to realize the regulation of the alternating current output voltage. Finally, the regulated output ac voltage signal c (t) is used as the input power supply voltage of the ac motor 61, whereby the regulation of the rotational speed of the ac motor 61 is realized by changing the input ac power supply voltage of the ac motor 61.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention also provides a voltage and speed regulation control method for an ac motor, comprising:
the S10 microcontroller generates pulse modulation signals according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder;
S20D/A converter converts the pulse modulation signal output by the micro controller into corresponding analog signal;
the S30 AVR microcontroller converts the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit into a recognizable digital signal and generates a speed regulating signal according to the generated digital signal;
and S40, the voltage regulating circuit regulates the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal, and further realizes the speed regulation of the alternating current motor.
In the control method, in the control system, the specific models of the microcontroller and the AVR microcontroller can be selected according to actual conditions, and theoretically, the chips which can achieve the purpose of the invention are included in the scope of the control system. In one example, the microcontroller is an 8051 single chip microcomputer, and the AVR microcontroller is an AVR single chip microcomputer. In this example, an external control terminal (PC terminal, etc.) is connected to a communication interface in the 8051 single chip microcomputer, so that the control terminal can transmit a given speed to the 8051 single chip microcomputer through the communication interface. The 8051 singlechip receives the given speed and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder, performs pulse modulation on the alternating current motor to generate a pulse modulation signal, and further transmits the pulse modulation signal to the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to convert a digital signal into an analog signal. The digital-to-analog conversion circuit is connected with an analog-to-digital conversion circuit in the AVR singlechip to convert the analog signal into a digital signal which can be identified by the AVR singlechip, then the AVR singlechip further obtains a speed regulation signal (suitable for industrial real-time control pulse width signal) according to the digital signal generated by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit and outputs the speed regulation signal to the voltage regulation circuit through a port, and the regulation of the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor is realized through the voltage regulation circuit, so that the regulation of the rotating speed of the motor is realized.
As shown in FIG. 2, the voltage regulating circuit includes a first thyristor VT1A second thyristor VT2And a load resistor R, a first thyristor VT1And a second thyristor VT2Antiparallel connection (first thyristor VT)1Anode second thyristor VT of2Is connected to the cathode of the first thyristor VT1Cathode second thyristor VT of2The cathode and the anode) of the circuit, wherein one end of the parallel connection is connected with one end of the load resistor R, the other end of the parallel connection and the other end of the load resistor R are used as input ends of the circuit, and the input is standard single-phase alternating current u1(ii) a First thyristor VT1And a second thyristor VT2Is connected with the AVR microcontroller 4, and the voltage at the two ends of the load resistor is used as the output u of the voltage regulating circuito. In the working process, the standard single-phase alternating current u1The input positive half cycle and the input negative half cycle are respectively applied to the first thyristor VT through the speed regulating signal generated by the AVR microcontroller1And a second thyristor VT2The conduction angle alpha is controlled, the purpose of adjusting the alternating current output voltage can be achieved, and the method is simple, convenient and high in accuracy.
The method for generating the pulse modulation signal by the microcontroller according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder comprises the following steps: the comparator acquires the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor and compares the real-time rotating speed with a given speed; the fuzzy PID controller generates a pulse-through modulation signal according to an error signal between the real-time rotating speed and the given speed of the alternating current motor.
In this process, first, a speed V is given*(t) is compared in a comparator with the actual speed fed back by the ac motor and an error signal e (t) is generated. Then, the error signal E (t) is processed by a fuzzy PID controller to obtain a pulse-through modulation signal G (t), and the on-off control G (t) is sent to a voltage regulating circuit through a digital-to-analog conversion circuit and an AVR microcontroller to control a first thyristor and a second thyristorThe on-off of the thyristor controls the output of the voltage regulating circuit to realize the regulation of the alternating current output voltage. And finally, the regulated output alternating voltage signal C (t) is used as the input power voltage of the alternating current motor, so that the regulation of the rotating speed of the alternating current motor is realized by changing the input alternating current power voltage of the alternating current motor.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for persons skilled in the art, numerous modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations should be considered as within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides an alternating current motor voltage regulation speed control system which characterized in that includes:
the microcontroller is respectively connected with the external control end and a rotary encoder of the alternating current motor and is used for generating a pulse modulation signal according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder;
the digital-to-analog conversion circuit is connected with the microcontroller and is used for converting the pulse modulation signal output by the microcontroller into a corresponding analog signal;
the AVR microcontroller is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion circuit and used for converting the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit into a recognizable digital signal and generating a speed regulation signal according to the generated digital signal;
the voltage regulating circuit is respectively connected with the AVR microcontroller and the alternating current motor and is used for regulating the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal generated by the AVR microcontroller so as to realize the speed regulation of the alternating current motor;
the voltage regulating circuit comprises a first thyristor, a second thyristor and a load resistor, wherein the first thyristor and the second thyristor are connected in reverse parallel, one end of the parallel connection is connected with one end of the load resistor, the other end of the parallel connection and the other end of the load resistor are used as input ends of the circuit, and the input ends of the parallel connection and the other end of the load resistor are standard single-phase alternating current; the control ends of the first thyristor and the second thyristor are connected with the AVR microcontroller, and the voltage at two ends of the load resistor is used as the output of the voltage regulating circuit.
2. A system for regulating voltage and speed of an ac motor according to claim 1, wherein said microcontroller further comprises a fuzzy control means comprising:
the comparator is respectively connected with the rotary encoder and the external control end of the alternating current motor and used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor and comparing the real-time rotating speed with a given speed;
and the fuzzy PID controller is respectively connected with the comparator and the first thyristor and the second thyristor in the voltage regulating circuit and is used for generating pulse-through modulation signals according to error signals between the real-time rotating speed and the given speed of the alternating current motor.
3. The ac motor voltage-regulating and speed-regulating control system according to claim 1, wherein said microcontroller is an 8051 single chip microcomputer.
4. A voltage and speed regulation control method for an alternating current motor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the microcontroller generates a pulse modulation signal according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder;
the digital-to-analog conversion circuit converts the pulse modulation signal output by the microcontroller into a corresponding analog signal;
the AVR microcontroller converts the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit into a recognizable digital signal and generates a speed regulating signal according to the generated digital signal;
the voltage regulating circuit regulates the input power supply voltage of the alternating current motor according to the speed regulating signal so as to realize the speed regulation of the alternating current motor;
the voltage regulating circuit comprises a first thyristor, a second thyristor and a load resistor, wherein the first thyristor and the second thyristor are connected in reverse parallel, one end of the parallel connection is connected with one end of the load resistor, the other end of the parallel connection and the other end of the load resistor are used as input ends of the circuit, and the input ends of the parallel connection and the other end of the load resistor are standard single-phase alternating current; the control ends of the first thyristor and the second thyristor are connected with the AVR microcontroller, and the voltage at two ends of the load resistor is used as the output of the voltage regulating circuit.
5. The AC motor voltage-regulating speed-regulating control method according to claim 4,
the method for generating the pulse modulation signal by the microcontroller according to the given speed input by the external control end and the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor fed back by the rotary encoder comprises the following steps:
the comparator acquires the real-time rotating speed of the alternating current motor and compares the real-time rotating speed with a given speed;
the fuzzy PID controller generates a pulse-through modulation signal according to an error signal between the real-time rotating speed and the given speed of the alternating current motor.
6. The AC motor voltage-regulating speed-regulating control method according to claim 4, wherein said microcontroller is an 8051 single chip microcomputer.
CN202011133232.6A 2020-10-21 2020-10-21 AC motor voltage-regulating and speed-regulating control system and method Active CN112398405B (en)

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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104898531A (en) * 2015-06-29 2015-09-09 江苏海大印染机械有限公司 Printing and dyeing equipment synchronous control system

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CN102185555B (en) * 2010-12-28 2013-05-08 上海智大电子有限公司 Digitalized alternating-current voltage and speed regulation device
CN102130649A (en) * 2011-01-30 2011-07-20 鞍山起重控制设备有限公司 Voltage regulation and speed regulation control system of full-digital speed and current double closed-loop alternating current motor
CN102830622B (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-10-01 北京理工大学 Auto-disturbance-rejection automatic flight control method for four-rotor aircraft
CN206575347U (en) * 2017-03-08 2017-10-20 安阳市翔宇医疗设备有限责任公司 A kind of SCM Based load motor governing system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104898531A (en) * 2015-06-29 2015-09-09 江苏海大印染机械有限公司 Printing and dyeing equipment synchronous control system

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