CN112398145A - Intelligent load switching control method for power spring - Google Patents
Intelligent load switching control method for power spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN112398145A CN112398145A CN202011337481.7A CN202011337481A CN112398145A CN 112398145 A CN112398145 A CN 112398145A CN 202011337481 A CN202011337481 A CN 202011337481A CN 112398145 A CN112398145 A CN 112398145A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
- H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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Abstract
A power spring-oriented intelligent load switching control method is characterized in that a constant frequency control strategy and a constant reactive power control strategy are added in the control of a series converter, so that when the active power of a system fluctuates, the frequency is kept at a rated frequency, and when the voltage of an alternating current bus falls, the full load can send out reactive power to support the voltage as much as possible. The additional controller is designed by using a fuzzy logic algorithm, and a control mode switching signal can be adjusted on line in a self-adaptive manner according to the voltage and reactive conditions of a line in real time, so that the coordination control of multiple targets under different operating conditions is realized. Simulation results show that compared with a single target control strategy, the coordinated control strategy can realize that the system bus voltage keeps stable in the normal operation period and can return to the reference voltage range as soon as possible in the fault period by switching between a constant voltage strategy and a constant reactive power strategy, and meanwhile, the system frequency is kept stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric energy quality optimization control of an island or weak power grid, and particularly relates to an intelligent load multi-target control method based on a power spring.
Background
The traditional power grid operation mode of which the demand determines the generated energy is difficult to realize power supply and demand balance in a new energy high-proportion infiltration system, which easily causes various problems of voltage fluctuation, frequency flicker and the like. To solve these problems, researchers have proposed the concept of a power spring, the core idea of which is to connect a non-critical load that normally operates in a wide voltage range in parallel to form a smart load (as shown in fig. 1), and to transfer the voltage (energy) fluctuation to the non-critical load, so that the voltage fluctuation on the critical load is controlled within a prescribed range. In the development process of power springs, three main topologies, I-type, II-type and III-type power springs, have appeared. The direct current side of the inverter of the I-type power spring is a battery, only reactive power can be compensated, and the I-type power spring is only suitable for grid-connected operation; the direct current side of the II type power spring is a power supply, and can compensate active power but has limited capacity; the III type power spring adopts a back-to-back structure, the parallel converter absorbs energy from a power grid, the end of the series converter releases active power and reactive power required by energy compensation load, and also can realize tidal current guidance and power circulation, but the frequency cannot be adjusted when the load changes when a weak power grid operates, no measures for well recovering voltage are provided when voltage drops when faults occur, and no control strategy is switched.
The requirement of a microgrid system on a power spring controller is multi-objective, control targets are different under different operating conditions, and the traditional single-objective control strategy of an intelligent load based on a power spring is difficult to meet the requirement of voltage stability under line faults, so the design of the multi-objective controller is very important. Considering that the critical load may have a load such as a motor with a large capacity, the active power change may cause frequency fluctuation; in addition, when the voltage suddenly drops greatly, the constant voltage control cannot be applied, but the controller loses its regulation capability due to its limit value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an active intelligent load multi-target control method based on a power spring, and on the basis of the traditional power spring, fixed frequency control and fixed reactive power control strategies are added, so that the capability of the power spring for compensating active power and reactive power is further developed. When the voltage drop and the difference value of the rated voltage do not exceed a certain degree, the constant voltage control is still performed; and when the voltage drops to exceed a certain degree, the control mode is switched to a reactive power control mode, and the maximum reactive power value is sent out so as to support the voltage of the key load as much as possible.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an active intelligent load multi-target control method based on a power spring comprises the following steps:
step 1) measuring a key load voltage u; measuring the current i of the power spring injection system; measuring system frequency f
The critical load voltage is measured in real time by a voltmeter, the current of the power spring injection system is measured in real time by an ammeter, and the system frequency f is measured in real time by a phase-locked loop (PLL) module. And calculating the instantaneous reactive power Q generated by the power spring.
Thus, the control quantity required by the invention is obtained through measurement or calculation, and the key load voltage u, the instantaneous reactive power Q generated by the key load during the fault and the working frequency f of the key load are concerned. The measured key load voltage u and the reactive power Q of the power spring are output to a Q-axis controller of the series-connection type current converter; and outputting the system working frequency f to a d-axis controller of the series current converter.
Step 2) carrying out fuzzy logic judgment according to the key load voltage and the reactive power generated by the power spring; selecting control mode (normal constant voltage control VC, abnormal may need to be switched to constant reactive power control QC)
And inputting Q and V into a fuzzy logic controller to realize control mode selection, wherein the fuzzy subset is { SS, S, M, L, LL }, the fuzzy subset of the output quantity y is { S, M, L } (the input quantities V and Q range is [ -1,1], and the range of the output quantity y after being clarified is [0,1 ]). The membership functions of the input quantity and the output quantity are both distributed in a triangular mode, and expressions of the triangular distribution are respectively shown in the formula (1). With respect to the parameters therein, the distribution of the parameters (a, b, c) for equation (1) over the fuzzy subset { SS, S, M, L, LL } is as shown in equation (2).
According to the output of the controller, the corresponding control strategy is adopted by looking up 25 fuzzy rule statements in the table 1:
TABLE 1 fuzzy rule Table
Wherein QC (reactive Power control) is constant reactive Power control, and VC (Voltage control) is constant voltage control. For example, the statement "if V is SS and Q is SS, then y is QC" in item 1, which means: if the bus voltage is too low (far lower than the voltage reference value), the reactive power sent by the power spring is too low, and at the moment, the voltage is recovered to be the primary target as soon as possible, so that the output y of the fuzzy controller is Q, and a fixed reactive power control strategy is selected. The 2 nd statement "if V is M and Q is S, y is VC": and when the voltage is stabilized at the reference value, the fuzzy controller outputs y as V, and a constant voltage control strategy is selected. And so on.
Step 3) during the fault period, constant frequency control and constant reactive power control are carried out
After the control object (constant voltage or constant reactive power) is selected, the system electrical quantity is controlled to a reference value by using a classical PI controller. Wherein, the reactive power reference value is the maximum reactive power of the power spring (the current is ensured not to exceed the thermal stability current of the equipment); the reference value of the frequency is power frequency 50 Hz. The parallel side converter control does not need to be changed in the fault and after the fault.
Step 3.1) constant frequency control
When loaded with a belt motor or the like, a reduction in electromagnetic power will result in a slower rotational speed and a lower frequency. The active power is strongly correlated with the d-axis current, so that the frequency can be controlled by controlling the d-axis electrical quantity. And (3) making a difference between the system frequency and the rated power, designing a PI control link, forming a d-axis current reference value, and controlling the d-axis current, wherein the D-axis current reference value is called as a frequency outer ring.
Step 3.2) constant reactive power control
If the control is still carried out according to the fixed voltage, when the external voltage drops, the voltage outer ring and the current inner ring both exceed the limit, and the reactive power which can be output by the controller is still the reactive power under the rated voltage. In this case, if the constant reactive power control is adopted, the limit value of the current can be widened, and the reactive power control is performed at a low voltage, which is also a q-axis control amount.
Step 4) after the fault is removed, the voltage is recovered, the control mode is stably returned to the constant voltage control after the detection of the hysteresis comparator
After the fault is removed, the voltage is recovered, the fuzzy controller judges that when the voltage deviation is reduced to a certain degree, the constant voltage control needs to be immediately recovered, otherwise, if the constant reactive power control is continuously used, the voltage exceeds a rated value. In order to prevent the situation that the reactive power is insufficient when the constant voltage control is switched to, the voltage drops, and the voltage is frequently switched at a voltage critical value, a hysteresis comparator is added in a control link, and when the critical value is crossed, the constant voltage control is stably returned.
Compared with the traditional method for directly measuring the disturbance component, the method has the advantages that:
1) when the system is not in fault, the key load voltage can be accurately controlled at a reference value, and the advantages of a voltage control strategy are utilized;
2) when a ground fault occurs, the voltage suddenly drops, and the control mode of the key load voltage is switched to the constant-reactive control, so that the power spring compensates more reactive power, the voltage of a bus drops less when the fault occurs, and the bus can also rise quickly after the fault occurs;
3) the control mode switching adopts fuzzy logic, and a hysteresis comparator is adopted during returning, so that the flexibility of the switching time and the rigidity after action are ensured;
4) the fixed frequency control in the multi-target control strategy can well ensure the stability of the system frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 topological diagram of intelligent load in circuit based on power spring
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an intelligent load multi-target control method based on power springs
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of control quantities
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a fuzzy logic comparator
FIG. 5 is an intelligent load multi-target control strategy topological graph based on power springs
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing, but is not to be construed as being limited thereto.
Step 1) measuring a key load voltage u; measuring the current i of the power spring injection system; measuring system frequency f
The critical load voltage is measured in real time by a voltmeter, the current of the power spring injection system is measured in real time by an ammeter, and the system frequency f is measured in real time by a phase-locked loop (PLL) module. And calculating the instantaneous reactive power Q generated by the power spring.
Thus, the control quantity required by the invention is obtained through measurement or calculation, and the key load voltage u, the instantaneous reactive power Q generated by the key load during the fault and the working frequency f of the key load are concerned. The measured key load voltage u and the reactive power Q of the power spring are output to a Q-axis controller of the series-connection type current converter; the system operating frequency f is output to the d-axis controller (shown in fig. 3) of the series inverter.
Step 2) carrying out fuzzy logic judgment according to the key load voltage and the reactive power generated by the power spring; selecting control mode (normal constant voltage control VC, abnormal may need to be switched to constant reactive power control QC)
The selection of the control mode is realized by inputting Q and V into a fuzzy logic controller (as shown in FIG. 4), and is completed by a fuzzy logic comparator, the fuzzy subset is { SS, S, M, L, LL }, the fuzzy subset of the output quantity y is { S, M, L } (the ranges of the input quantity V and Q are [ -1,1], and the range of the output quantity y after the sharpening is [0,1 ]). The membership functions of the input quantity and the output quantity are both distributed in a triangular mode, and expressions of the triangular distribution are respectively shown in the formula (1). With respect to the parameters therein, the distribution of the parameters (a, b, c) for equation (1) over the fuzzy subset { SS, S, M, L, LL } is as shown in equation (2).
According to the output of the controller, looking up 25 fuzzy rule statements in the attached table 1 and adopting corresponding control strategies, wherein QC (reactive Power control) is constant reactive Power control, and VC (Voltage control) is constant voltage control. For example, the statement "if V is SS and Q is SS, then y is QC" in item 1, which means: if the bus voltage is too low (far lower than the voltage reference value), the reactive power sent by the power spring is too low, and at the moment, the voltage is recovered to be the primary target as soon as possible, so that the output y of the fuzzy controller is Q, and a fixed reactive power control strategy is selected. The 2 nd statement "if V is M and Q is S, y is VC": and when the voltage is stabilized at the reference value, the fuzzy controller outputs y as V, and a constant voltage control strategy is selected. And so on.
Step 3) during the fault period, constant frequency control and constant reactive power control are carried out
As shown in fig. 5, after the control object (constant voltage or constant reactive power) is selected, the system electric quantity is controlled to the reference value using the classical PI controller. Wherein, the reactive power reference value is the maximum reactive power of the power spring (the current is ensured not to exceed the thermal stability current of the equipment); the reference value of the frequency is power frequency 50 Hz. The parallel side converter control does not need to be changed in the fault and after the fault.
Step 3.1) constant frequency control
When loaded with a belt motor or the like, a reduction in electromagnetic power will result in a slower rotational speed and a lower frequency. The active power is strongly correlated with the d-axis current, so that the frequency can be controlled by controlling the d-axis electrical quantity. And (3) making a difference between the system frequency and the rated power, designing a PI control link, forming a d-axis current reference value, and controlling the d-axis current, wherein the D-axis current reference value is called as a frequency outer ring.
Step 3.2) constant reactive power control
If the control is still carried out according to the fixed voltage, when the external voltage drops, the voltage outer ring and the current inner ring both exceed the limit, and the reactive power which can be output by the controller is still the reactive power under the rated voltage. In this case, if the constant reactive power control is adopted, the limit value of the current can be widened, and the reactive power control is performed at a low voltage, which is also a q-axis control amount.
Step 4) after the fault is removed, the voltage is recovered, the control mode is stably returned to the constant voltage control after the detection of the hysteresis comparator
After the fault is removed, the voltage is recovered, the fuzzy controller judges that when the voltage deviation is reduced to a certain degree, the constant voltage control needs to be immediately recovered, otherwise, if the constant reactive power control is continuously used, the voltage exceeds a rated value. In order to prevent the reactive power shortage when switching to the constant voltage control, which causes the voltage to drop and causes frequent switching at the voltage critical value, a hysteresis comparator is added in the control link to stably return to the constant voltage control when the critical value is crossed (as shown in fig. 5).
Simulation results show that compared with a single target control strategy, the coordinated control strategy can realize that the system bus voltage keeps stable in the normal operation period and can return to the reference voltage range as soon as possible in the fault period by switching between a constant voltage strategy and a constant reactive power strategy, and meanwhile, the system frequency is kept stable.
Claims (1)
1. An active intelligent load multi-target control method based on a power spring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), measuring key load voltage u in real time by a voltmeter, measuring current i of a power spring injection system in real time by an ammeter, measuring working system frequency f in real time by a phase-locked loop (PLL) module, and calculating instantaneous reactive power Q emitted by a power spring.
The measured key load voltage u and the reactive power Q of the power spring are output to a Q-axis controller of the series-connection type current converter; the system working frequency f is output to a d-axis controller of the series current converter;
step 2) fuzzy logic discrimination is carried out, and a control mode is selected: the VC is controlled by a constant voltage in normal state, and the QC is controlled by switching to the constant reactive power in abnormal state;
inputting Q and V into a fuzzy logic controller to realize control mode selection, wherein the fuzzy subset is { SS, S, M, L, LL }, the fuzzy subset of the output quantity y is { S, M, L } (the ranges of the input quantity V and Q are [ -1,1], and the range of the output quantity y after being clarified is [0,1 ]);
the membership functions of the input quantity and the output quantity are both distributed in a triangular mode, and expressions of the triangular distribution are respectively shown in the formula (1). With respect to the parameters therein, the distribution of the parameters (a, b, c) for equation (1) over the fuzzy subset { SS, S, M, L, LL } is as shown in equation (2).
Step 3) during the fault period, constant frequency control and constant reactive power control are carried out
Controlling the system electric quantity to a reference value by using a classical PI controller, wherein the reactive power reference value is the maximum reactive power of the power spring; the reference value of the frequency is power frequency 50Hz, and the parallel side converter is controlled in the fault and does not need to change after the fault;
step 3.1) constant frequency control
And (3) making a difference between the system frequency and the rated power, designing a PI control link, forming a d-axis current reference value, and controlling the d-axis current, wherein the D-axis current reference value is called as a frequency outer ring.
Step 3.2) constant reactive power control
If the control is still carried out according to the fixed voltage, when the external voltage drops, the voltage outer ring and the current inner ring are out of limit, and the reactive power which can be output by the controller is still the reactive power under the rated voltage;
step 4) after the fault is removed, the voltage is recovered, the control mode is stably returned to the constant voltage control after the detection of the hysteresis comparator
After the fault is removed, the voltage is recovered, the voltage is judged by a fuzzy controller, when the voltage deviation is reduced to a certain degree, the voltage is recovered to be controlled by a fixed voltage, otherwise, if the fixed reactive power control is continuously used, the voltage exceeds a rated value; when the critical value is crossed, the constant voltage control is stably returned through the hysteresis comparator.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113872242A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-31 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Active power distribution network energy optimization method and device adopting power spring |
| CN114123170A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 国家电网有限公司 | Power distribution network fault recovery method under flood disaster |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113872242A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-31 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Active power distribution network energy optimization method and device adopting power spring |
| CN114123170A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 国家电网有限公司 | Power distribution network fault recovery method under flood disaster |
| CN114123170B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2024-04-26 | 国家电网有限公司 | Power distribution network fault recovery method under flood disasters |
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