CN112397206A - Magnetic compression device and method for field inversion plasma - Google Patents
Magnetic compression device and method for field inversion plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN112397206A CN112397206A CN202011376152.3A CN202011376152A CN112397206A CN 112397206 A CN112397206 A CN 112397206A CN 202011376152 A CN202011376152 A CN 202011376152A CN 112397206 A CN112397206 A CN 112397206A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/21—Electric power supply systems, e.g. for magnet systems, switching devices, storage devices, circuit arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
- G21B1/052—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement reversed field configuration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a field inversion plasma magnetic compression device and a method, belonging to the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, wherein the device comprises a vacuum chamber, a compression coil surrounding the vacuum chamber and a power supply module; a first power supply module in the power supply module generates a first compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber through the compression coil; when the first compressed magnetic field rises to the maximum value, the second power supply module is connected in and generates a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber through the compression coil, so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber continuously rises, and the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber is subjected to cascade magnetic compression. After the plasma is rapidly heated to a high-temperature state, another power supply module is connected to ensure that the current of the coil continuously rises, so that certain heating power is kept to offset the transport and radiation losses in the plasma, and the service life of the plasma and the fusion reaction time are greatly prolonged; when the current of the coil rises to the maximum value, the magnetic energy of the coil can be fed back to a power grid or a power supply module, so that energy recovery is realized, and the compression efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, and particularly relates to a field inversion plasma magnetic compression device and method.
Background
In magnetic confinement nuclear fusion research, one of the core tasks is to heat the plasma used to generate the fusion reaction to a sufficiently high temperature, e.g., 10keV, i.e., around 1 hundred million degrees, which is achieved in pulsed fusion devices primarily by compression. The concept of adiabatic magnetic compression heating of plasma has long been proposed and experimentally verified as an effective way of heating plasma.
The existing field-inversion-plasma-based adiabatic magnetic compression always winds a coil outside a plasma, the coil is electrified with rapidly-rising current in a certain time sequence, a rapidly-rising magnetic field is formed around the plasma, the volume of the plasma is reduced under the action of magnetic pressure, the density and the temperature are simultaneously improved, and the current of the compressed coil reaches the maximum value and then the subsequent current is attenuated. The current of the compression coil cannot be further improved after reaching the maximum value, but the follow current is attenuated, the field diamagnetic configuration of the confined plasma is quickly destroyed under the actions of resistance dissipation, plasma transport and the like, so that the plasma quickly loses the confined magnetic field and then quickly disappears, the service life of the plasma is very short, and the fusion reaction time is very short, usually about 10 us.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a field inversion plasma magnetic compression device and a field inversion plasma magnetic compression method, and aims to provide two different power supply modules, so that after the plasma is rapidly heated to a high-temperature state, the current of a coil is ensured to continuously rise at a slightly slow speed, a certain heating power is kept to offset the transport and radiation losses in the plasma, the service life of the plasma is greatly prolonged, and the fusion reaction time is prolonged.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a field inversion plasma magnetic compression apparatus comprising: a vacuum chamber, a compression coil surrounding the vacuum chamber, and a power supply module connecting the compression coil; the power supply module comprises a first power supply module and a second power supply module; the first power supply module generates a first compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber through the compression coil; when the first compressed magnetic field rises to the maximum value, the second power supply module is connected in and generates a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber through the compression coil, so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber continuously rises to perform cascade magnetic compression on the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber.
Further, the power supply module is connected to the grid side; the first power supply module comprises a transformer Tr1And the rectification circuit CON1And a capacitor C1Said transformer Tr1Are respectively connected with the grid side and the rectification circuit CON1Input side, rectifier circuit CON1The output side is connected with the capacitor C1Said capacitor C1Discharging to generate the first compressed magnetic field; the second power supply module comprises a transformer Tr2And the rectification circuit CON2And a capacitor C2Said transformer Tr2Are respectively connected with the grid side and the rectification circuit CON2Input side, rectifier circuit CON2The output side is connected with the capacitor C2(ii) a The transformer Tr1Is greater than the transformer Tr2The rectification circuit CON1And rectification circuit CON2Between the positive output ends of the two transistors through a diode D2Is connected, and the diode D2Anode of the rectifier circuit CON2A positive output end; the rectifying circuit CON is arranged to control the first magnetic field to increase to a maximum value1The positive output end voltage is lower than the rectification circuit CON2Positive output terminal voltage, said diode D2Is conducted to be connected into the second power supply module, so that the capacitor C2Discharging to generate the second compressed magnetic field.
Further, the converter CON is also included0One side of the converter CON is connected with the power grid side, the other side of the converter CON is connected with the compression coil, and the converter CON is connected with the converter CON before and during compression0In an off state.
Further, the converter CON0Is also connected to the transformer Tr1And a transformer Tr2The converter CON, when the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber rises to a maximum value0In an inversion state, the magnetic energy in the compression coil (2) is fed back to the power grid side, and/or the magnetic energy in the compression coil is utilized as the capacitor C1And a capacitor C2And (6) charging.
Furthermore, the first power supply module and the second power supply module are connected with the compression coil through a thyristor S, and the thyristor S is in a disconnected state before magnetic compression.
Furthermore, the compression coil is arranged in the vacuum chamber in a surrounding mode and is led out of the vacuum chamber through a high-current wall lead.
Further, the compression coil is disposed around the outside of the vacuum chamber.
Further, the cascade magnetic compression sequentially comprises a first magnetic compression, a second magnetic compression and a follow current magnetic compression, and the rising rate of the first magnetic compression is higher than that of the second magnetic compression.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic compression method of the field antiplasma magnetic compression device as described above, comprising: during magnetic compression, a first power supply module is connected to generate a first compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber; when the first compressed magnetic field rises to the maximum value, a second power supply module is connected to generate a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber, so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber continuously rises, and the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber is subjected to cascade magnetic compression.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) two different power supply modules are arranged, and after the plasma is rapidly heated to a high-temperature state, the current of the coil is ensured to continuously rise at a slightly slow speed, so that a certain heating power is kept to offset the transport and radiation losses in the plasma, the service life of the plasma is greatly prolonged, the maintenance time of the plasma in the high-temperature state is prolonged, and the fusion reaction time is prolonged;
(2) a converter is arranged between the power supply module and the compression coil, and when the compression magnetic field rises to the maximum value, the converter is controlled to be in an inversion state so as to invert the magnetic energy in the compression coil and then charge a capacitor in the power supply module or feed the magnetic energy back to a power grid, so that energy recovery is realized for next compression, and the energy conversion efficiency of magnetic compression is greatly improved;
(3) the compression coil is arranged in the vacuum chamber, no conductor material exists between the compression coil and the plasma, a compression magnetic field can be quickly established, obvious intensity attenuation does not exist, and the compression efficiency is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a magnetic compression device of field inversion plasma according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of magnetic compression magnetic fields formed in a vacuum chamber of a field inversion plasma magnetic compression device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic compression device of field inversion plasma according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a field inversion plasma magnetic compression apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1 is a vacuum chamber, 2 is a compression coil, 3 is a power module, 31 is a first power module, 32 is a second power module, 4 is a high-current through-wall lead, 51 is an initial field anti-plasma, 52 is a fusion field anti-plasma, 6 is a confinement coil, 7 is a quartz vacuum chamber, 8 is a forming coil, and 9 is an end chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like (if any) in the description and the drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a field inversion plasma magnetic compression apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the field inversion plasma magnetic compression apparatus in the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 4.
The field inversion plasma magnetic compression device comprises a vacuum chamber 1, a compression coil 2 and a power supply module 3. The compression coil 2 surrounds the vacuum chamber 1; the power supply module 3 is connected to both ends of the compression coil 2. The power module 3 includes a first power supply module 31 and a second power supply module 32. The first power supply module 31 generates a first compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1 by the compression coil 2; when the first compressed magnetic field rises to the maximum value, the second power supply module 32 is connected to and generates a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1 through the compression coil 2, so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1 continuously rises to perform the cascade magnetic compression on the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber 1.
When the compressed magnetic field of the field inversion plasma magnetic compression device in the embodiment is close to the maximum value, the other group of compression power supply is connected, so that the compressed magnetic field continuously climbs at a slightly slow speed, the compressed magnetic field is prevented from rapidly descending after reaching the maximum value, and fast and slow two-stage magnetic compression is realized, namely, cascade magnetic compression is realized, so that the service life of the plasma is prolonged, and the fusion reaction time is greatly prolonged.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the power supply module 3 is connected to the grid side, as shown in fig. 1. The first power supply module 31 includes a transformer Tr1And the rectification circuit CON1And a capacitor C1Transformer Tr1Are respectively connected with the network side and the rectification circuit CON1Input side, rectifier circuit CON1The output side is connected with a capacitor C1Compressing the coil LrAnd L1Connected in series at the output side of the first power supply module 31 and the second power supply module 32, thereby the capacitor C1Discharging to generate a first compressed magnetic field.
The second power supply module 32 includes a transformer Tr2And the rectification circuit CON2And a capacitor C2Transformer Tr2Are respectively connected with the network side and the rectification circuit CON2Input side, rectifier circuit CON2The output side is connected with a capacitor C2. Transformer Tr1Has a transformation ratio greater than that of the transformer Tr2Transformation ratio, rectification circuit CON1And rectification circuit CON2Between the positive output ends of the two transistors through a diode D2Connected and diode D2Anode connected rectifying circuit CON2Positive output terminal, diode D2Cathode connection rectification circuit CON1A positive output terminal. The rectifier circuit CON is arranged to control the first magnetic field to increase to a maximum value1Positive output terminal voltage lower than rectification circuit CON2Positive output terminal voltage, diode D2Is conducted to connect the second power supply module 32, so that the capacitor C2Discharge to generate a second compressed magnetic field, thereby, a capacitor C1And a capacitor C2Parallel discharge achieves a slow compression field.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the field inversion plasma magnetic compression device further comprises a converter CON0One side of the coil is connected with the power grid side, and the other side is connected with the compression coil 2. The first power supply module 31 and the second power supply module 32 are connected to the compression coil L through the thyristor SrAnd L1. Before and during compression, the thyristor S is in off state, and the converter CON0In an off state.
Converter CON0Is also connected to the transformer Tr1And a transformer Tr2The primary side of (a). In magnetic compression, the thyristor S is switched on, and the converter CON rises to a maximum value when the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1 rises0Operating in an inverted state, compressing the coil LrAnd L1In magnetic energy passing converter CON0After inversion, the energy is fed back to the grid side to feed back the energy to the grid, and/or the compression coil LrAnd L1In magnetic energy passing converter CON0After inversion, the voltage is passed through a transformer Tr1And Tr2Transformation, CON1And CON2Rectified capacitor C1And a capacitor C2And charging to realize energy recovery.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cascade magnetic compression sequentially comprises a first magnetic compression, a second magnetic compression and a follow-current magnetic compression, wherein the rising rate of the first magnetic compression is higher than that of the second magnetic compression, as shown in fig. 2.
In the circuit structure shown in fig. 1, a magnetic field before compression, a magnetic field after fast compression and a magnetic field after slow compression can be realized in the same circuit with strong compatibility, so that the number of coils is greatly reduced, and the insulation problem caused by strong coupling between different magnetic field coils is avoided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the compression coil 2 is disposed around the outside of the vacuum chamber 1, as shown in FIG. 3. The structure shown in fig. 3 comprises two field antiplasma forming areas and two end chamber areas in addition to the collisional fusion and compression areas formed by the plasma magnetic compression device.
The field inversion plasma forming section includes a set of forming coils 8, a set of confinement coils 6 and a quartz vacuum chamber 7, which are used primarily to generate the initial field inversion plasma 51. The collision fusion and compression zone comprises a group of compression coils 2, a high-resistance vacuum chamber 1 and a plurality of power modules 3, and is used for realizing fusion of two groups of initial field plasmas and compressing the initial field plasmas to finally form a fused field plasma 52 so as to improve plasma parameters. The end chamber region comprises two end chambers 9, which are mainly used for weakening the interaction between the plasma and the vacuum chamber wall and properly controlling the instability of the fused plasma.
When the plasma generator works, a restraint magnetic field is generated by electrifying the restraint coil 6 and the compression coil 2, then pulse current with a specific waveform is introduced into the forming coil 8 to generate two groups of initial field reverse plasmas with consistent parameters, the two groups of field reverse plasmas are sprayed to a collision fusion area at the same speed at high speed, and the two groups of field reverse plasmas are collided and fused to form a fusion field reverse plasma with higher temperature and density; then, the power supply module 3 is controlled to rapidly increase the current of the compression coil 2 to form fast magnetic field compression, the temperature density of the plasma is increased, the secondary compression circuit is started when the current rises to be close to the top end, the current continues to rise at a slow speed, the magnetic field is further increased to maintain the temperature density of the plasma, and finally the compression magnetic field is naturally attenuated in a follow current manner, as shown in fig. 2.
In order to ensure that the compressed magnetic field rapidly penetrates into the vacuum chamber, the compression zone vacuum chamber 1 is in a high resistance state in the circumferential direction. The vacuum chamber 1 is formed, for example, by compounding thin-walled high-resistivity stainless steel material with fibers or by cutting insulation in the circumferential direction. In the structure shown in fig. 3, the compression coil and the pre-compression magnetic field coil can be shared, and a large-current wall lead wire is not required. In the magnetic compression process, the magnetic field of the compression region needs to be strictly symmetrical about the midplane, and the embodiment is realized by connecting compression coils at symmetrical positions in series. The compression vacuum chamber made of special materials or structures solves the problem of eddy current shielding caused by rapid rise of a magnetic field in the compression process and the problem of strong electromagnetic stress of the vacuum chamber under a strong magnetic field; the special coil connection mode ensures the high symmetry of the magnetic field in the compression process and solves the problem of plasma escape caused by the asymmetry of the magnetic field.
The waveform of the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1 during plasma formation, fusion and compression is shown in FIG. 2, and the background magnetic field before compression is B0，B0For example, between 0.05T and 0.3T. Fast compression process magnetic field first from B0Rises rapidly to B1Forming a fast compression magnetic field, B1For example, the rise time of the magnetic field is adjustable between 100us and 500us between 2T and 10T. Slow compression process magnetic field from B1Is raised to B2Forming a slow compression magnetic field, B2For example between 5T and 15T.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compression coil 2 is disposed around the inside of the vacuum chamber 1 and is led out from the inside of the vacuum chamber 1 through a high-current wall-through lead 4, as shown in fig. 4. In the configuration shown in fig. 4, although the resistance of the vacuum chamber 1 is not strictly required, a large-current wall lead 4 needs to be provided to draw out the compression coil, and the compression coil and the pre-compression magnetic field coil are not shared, and two sets of coils need to be provided. The compression coil 2 is arranged inside the vacuum chamber 1 without a conductive material between the compression coil 2 and the plasma, so that the compression magnetic field can be established quickly and does not produce a significant intensity decay. Since the compression coil 2 is disposed inside the vacuum chamber 1 closer to the plasma, the number of the compression coils should be greater in order to reduce the magnetic field ripple. Thus, in the structure shown in fig. 4, the surrounding density of the compression coil 2 is greater than the preset surrounding density threshold value. In this embodiment, the value of the preset surrounding density threshold may be set according to a specific application scenario.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a magnetic compression method of the field inversion plasma, which comprises the following steps: during magnetic compression, the first power supply module 31 is switched on to generate a first compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1; when the first compressed magnetic field rises to a maximum value, the second power supply module 32 is switched in to generate a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1, so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber 1 continuously rises, and the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber 1 is subjected to cascade magnetic compression.
In this embodiment, the magnetic compression method of field inversion plasma is the same as the working process and principle of the magnetic compression device of field inversion plasma in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 4, and is not described herein again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A field antiplasma magnetic compression device, comprising: a vacuum chamber (1), a compression coil (2) surrounding the vacuum chamber (1), and a power supply module (3) connected to the compression coil (2);
the power supply module (3) comprises a first power supply module (31) and a second power supply module (32); the first power supply module (31) generates a first compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1) by means of the compression coil (2); when the first compressed magnetic field rises to the maximum value, the second power supply module (32) is connected in and generates a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1) through the compression coil (2), so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1) continuously rises to perform cascade magnetic compression on the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber (1).
2. A field antiplasma magnetic compression device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said power supply module (3) is connected to the grid side;
the first power supply module (31) comprises a transformer Tr1And the rectification circuit CON1And a capacitor C1Said transformer Tr1Are respectively connected with the grid side and the rectification circuit CON1Input side, rectifier circuit CON1The output side is connected with the capacitor C1Said capacitor C1Discharging to generate the first compressed magnetic field;
the second power supply module (32) comprises a transformer Tr2And the rectification circuit CON2And a capacitor C2Said transformer Tr2Are respectively connected with the grid side and the rectification circuit CON2Input side, rectifier circuit CON2The output side is connected with the capacitor C2；
The transformer Tr1Is greater than the transformer Tr2The rectification circuit CON1And rectification circuit CON2Between the positive output ends of the two transistors through a diode D2Is connected, and the diode D2Anode of the rectifier circuit CON2A positive output end; the rectifying circuit CON is arranged to control the first magnetic field to increase to a maximum value1The positive output end voltage is lower than the rectification circuit CON2Positive output terminal voltage, said diode D2Is conducted to access the second power supplyModule (32) such that the capacitance C is2Discharging to generate the second compressed magnetic field.
3. The field inversion plasma magnetic compression device of claim 2, further comprising a converter CON0One side of the converter CON is connected with the power grid side, the other side of the converter CON is connected with the compression coil (2), and the converter CON is connected with the converter CON before compression and during compression0In an off state.
4. The FIP magnetic compression device of claim 3, wherein the converter CON0Is also connected to the transformer Tr1And a transformer Tr2When the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1) rises to a maximum value, the converter CON0In an inversion state, the magnetic energy in the compression coil (2) is fed back to the power grid side, and/or the magnetic energy in the compression coil (2) is utilized as the capacitor C1And a capacitor C2And (6) charging.
5. A FIP magnetic compression device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the first (31) and second (32) supply modules are connected to the compression coil (2) by a thyristor S which is in an off state prior to magnetic compression.
6. The magnetic compression device of field antiplasma according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression coil (2) is arranged around the inside of the vacuum chamber (1) and is led out from the inside of the vacuum chamber (1) through a high current wall lead (4).
7. A field antiplasma magnetic compression device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said compression coil (2) is arranged around the outside of said vacuum chamber (1).
8. The field inversion plasma magnetic compression apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cascaded magnetic compression comprises a first magnetic compression, a second magnetic compression, and a freewheeling magnetic compression in sequence, a rising rate of the first magnetic compression being higher than a rising rate of the second magnetic compression.
9. The magnetic compression method of a field inversion plasma magnetic compression apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
during magnetic compression, a first power supply module (31) is connected to generate a first compression magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1);
when the first compressed magnetic field rises to a maximum value, a second power supply module (32) is switched in to generate a second compressed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1), so that the magnetic field in the vacuum chamber (1) continuously rises, and the field antiplasma in the vacuum chamber (1) is subjected to cascade magnetic compression.
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Inventor after: Pan Yuan Inventor after: Wang Zhijiang Inventor after: Chen Zhipeng Inventor after: Rao Bo Inventor after: Li Li Inventor after: Lv Yiliang Inventor before: Pan Yuan Inventor before: Peng Yue Inventor before: Wang Zhijiang Inventor before: Rao Bo Inventor before: Zhang Ming Inventor before: Li Li Inventor before: Lv Yiliang Inventor before: Chen Zhipeng Inventor before: Ding Yonghua |