CN112395789A - Method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation - Google Patents
Method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system and a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, wherein the numerical simulation is carried out on landslide movement by coupling InSAR technology and finite element analysis, and compared with the surface deformation measured by pure InSAR, the method can simulate the real physical movement process of the whole landslide body, realize the influence of analysis load on the landslide body and be beneficial to the sustainable development of a researched area; in addition, the InSAR measurement result is used as reference in the method, so that a numerical model for more accurately simulating the deformation of the landslide body is constructed, and the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body is more accurately simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of landslide, in particular to a method, a system and a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation.
Background
Landslide is a major geological disaster that causes enormous casualties and economic losses worldwide. Currently, mapping in the field of geomorphology and visual analysis of aerial photographs are the most common methods for landslide measurement and mapping. However, aerial photographs cannot be obtained under cloudy and rainy weather conditions, and in contrast, microwaves of synthetic aperture radar interferometers (insars) based on satellites can penetrate cloud layers, smoke, fog and the like, and are widely applied to landslide motion monitoring.
Existing landslide motion monitoring is mostly concentrated on remote areas far away from human activity areas, land development of the areas is usually few, and research center of gravity is influence of natural factors on landslide. In earthquake fault zones in the southwest of China, land resources are scarce, and the construction of new cities is often carried out on steep slopes. Due to complex geological structures and terrain, engineering disturbances tend to induce landslides. Compared with areas with undeveloped land, the landslide motion is generally required to bear complex loads such as rainfall, building and hydrological loads, but the surface deformation can only be measured by using InSAR alone, the influence of the loads cannot be physically explained, and the sustainable development of the researched area is not facilitated.
Therefore, how to provide a solution to the above technical problem is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a system and a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, wherein finite element analysis is adopted to carry out numerical simulation on landslide motion, and compared with surface deformation measured by InSAR, the method can simulate the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body, realize the influence of analysis load on the landslide body and be beneficial to the sustainable development of a researched area; in addition, the InSAR measurement result is used as reference in the method, so that a numerical model for more accurately simulating the deformation of the landslide body is constructed, and the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body is more accurately simulated.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for analyzing landslide deformation of a city area by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a two-dimensional cross section view of a landslide body, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing material properties of the landslide body and defining boundary conditions for representing real load of the landslide body;
establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body;
obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under an InSAR, and adjusting a material attribute value of the landslide body under a target condition that a deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to a corresponding deformation measurement value, so as to finally obtain an optimal material attribute value of the landslide body;
and simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body.
Preferably, the process of adjusting the material property value of the sliding mass under the target condition that the deformation simulation value of the sliding mass is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value to finally obtain the optimal material property value of the sliding mass includes:
calculating an objective function
Judging whether the objective function meets the minimization requirement or not; wherein (p)1,p2,…,pm) Is a set of material properties of the slip mass,
is the deformation analog value, U, of the ith InSAR point on the landslide bodyiThe number n is the number of all InSAR points on the landslide body;
if so, taking the currently adjusted material attribute value of the sliding mass as the optimal material attribute value;
if not, adjusting the material attribute value of the sliding mass through a genetic algorithm, and returning to execute the operation of calculating the target function.
Preferably, the set of material properties of the sliding mass comprises an effective elastic modulus, hydraulic properties, activated pore water pressure and poisson's ratio.
Preferably, the boundary conditions include precipitation induced hydrodynamic effects, body loading and construction induced forces.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the deformation measurement value of the sliding mass under InSAR includes:
based on InSAR, respectively obtaining deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the sliding mass on the rail ascending rail and the rail descending rail, and performing two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition on the deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the rail ascending rail and the rail descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points; wherein the InSAR points comprise a PS point and a DS point on the landslide body;
and respectively combining the east-west deformation component and the vertical deformation component of each InSAR point to obtain the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point, wherein the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point is correspondingly used as the deformation measurement value of each InSAR point on the landslide body.
Preferably, the process of respectively obtaining deformation observation values of each InSAR point on the ascending rail track and the descending rail track on the sliding mass includes:
acquiring an SAR image of the landslide body, carrying out data registration on the SAR image, and generating a differential interferogram according to the SAR image after the data registration; wherein the SAR image comprises an ascending rail image and a descending rail image;
constructing a first layer network for monitoring deformation of partial PS points of the sliding mass based on the differential interference diagram, and monitoring deformation values of the partial PS points based on the first layer network to obtain deformation observation values of the partial PS points;
and performing phase optimization processing on the differential interference diagram, constructing a second-layer network for monitoring deformation of the residual PS points and all the DS points of the sliding mass based on the differential interference diagram subjected to the phase optimization processing, and monitoring deformation values of the residual PS points and all the DS points based on the second-layer network to obtain deformation observation values of the residual PS points and all the DS points.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a system for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises:
the condition setting module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional cross section view of a landslide body, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing material properties of the landslide body and defining boundary conditions for representing real load of the landslide body;
the deformation simulation module is used for establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body;
the attribute adjusting module is used for acquiring a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR, adjusting a material attribute value of the landslide body under a target condition that a deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to a corresponding deformation measurement value, and finally obtaining an optimal material attribute value of the landslide body;
and the optimal simulation module is used for simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body.
Preferably, the attribute adjusting module is specifically configured to:
obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR, and calculating a target function
Judging whether the objective function meets the minimization requirement or not; wherein (p)1,p2,…,pm) Is a set of material properties of the slip mass,
is the deformation analog value, U, of the ith InSAR point on the landslide bodyiThe deformation measurement value of the ith InSAR point on the landslide body is obtained, and n is the number of all InSAR points on the landslide body;
if so, taking the currently adjusted material attribute value of the sliding mass as the optimal material attribute value;
if not, adjusting the material attribute value of the sliding mass through a genetic algorithm, and returning to execute the operation of calculating the target function.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the deformation measurement value of the sliding mass under InSAR includes:
based on InSAR, respectively obtaining deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the sliding mass on the rail ascending rail and the rail descending rail, and performing two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition on the deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the rail ascending rail and the rail descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points; wherein the InSAR points comprise a PS point and a DS point on the landslide body;
and respectively combining the east-west deformation component and the vertical deformation component of each InSAR point to obtain the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point, wherein the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point is correspondingly used as the deformation measurement value of each InSAR point on the landslide body.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises:
a memory for storing a computer program;
and the processor is used for realizing the steps of any one of the methods for coupling InSAR and analyzing urban landslide deformation through numerical simulation when the computer program is executed.
The invention provides a method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises the steps of obtaining a two-dimensional cross section view of a landslide body, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing material attributes of the landslide body and defining boundary conditions for representing real loads of the landslide body; establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body; obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR, and adjusting a material attribute value of the landslide body under a target condition that a deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to a corresponding deformation measurement value, so as to finally obtain an optimal material attribute value of the landslide body; and simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body. Therefore, the numerical simulation method for the landslide motion by adopting finite element analysis can simulate the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body compared with the surface deformation measured by InSAR, realizes the analysis of the influence of the load on the landslide body, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the researched area; in addition, the InSAR measurement result is used as reference in the method, so that a numerical model for more accurately simulating the deformation of the landslide body is constructed, and the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body is more accurately simulated.
The invention also provides a system and a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, and the system and the device have the same beneficial effects as the method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the prior art and the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a specific flowchart of a method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overview of the geological environment and landslide of a research area provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a first diagram illustrating a deformation analysis of a landslide S12 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a second analysis diagram of a deformation of the landslide S12 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a method, a system and a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, the numerical simulation is carried out on landslide motion by adopting finite element analysis, compared with the surface deformation measured by InSAR, the method can simulate the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body, the influence of analysis load on the landslide body is realized, and the method, the system and the device are beneficial to the sustainable development of a researched area; in addition, the InSAR measurement result is used as reference in the method, so that a numerical model for more accurately simulating the deformation of the landslide body is constructed, and the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body is more accurately simulated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a two-dimensional cross section view of a slip mass, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing material properties of the slip mass and defining boundary conditions for representing real loads of the slip mass.
Specifically, the two-dimensional cross section view of the landslide body is obtained, and a finite element grid with a certain size is constructed on the basis of the two-dimensional cross section view of the landslide body, namely the two-dimensional cross section view of the landslide body is subjected to grid division. In addition, the method initializes the material properties of the landslide body (such as the material properties of the effective elastic modulus, the hydraulic property, the activated pore water pressure, the Poisson ratio and the like of the landslide body), and defines the boundary conditions for representing the real load of the landslide body so as to provide basis for the subsequent establishment of a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body.
Step S2: and establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body.
Specifically, a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the sliding mass is established based on the finite element mesh established in step S1, the initialized material property and the defined boundary condition, and then the deformation of the sliding mass is simulated by using the established numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the sliding mass, so as to provide a basis for subsequently adjusting the material property value of the sliding mass.
It should be noted that, compared with the InSAR, the numerical model can simulate the real physical movement process of the whole landslide body, realize the analysis of the influence of loads such as precipitation, buildings, hydrology and the like on the landslide body, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the researched area.
Step S3: and obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under the InSAR, and adjusting the material attribute value of the landslide body under the target condition that the deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value, so as to finally obtain the optimal material attribute value of the landslide body.
Specifically, the deformation measurement value of the landslide body under the InSAR is obtained, the deformation measurement value of a certain point of the landslide body under the InSAR is used as a reference value of the deformation simulation value of the point under the numerical model, namely the deformation simulation value of the certain point of the landslide body under the numerical model is closer to the deformation measurement value of the point under the InSAR, and the numerical model is more accurate.
Based on the above, the method adjusts the material property value of the landslide body under the target condition that the deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value, once the material property value of the landslide body is adjusted, the numerical model established based on the finite element grid, the material property and the boundary condition is correspondingly adjusted, and the deformation simulation value of the landslide body obtained by simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model is correspondingly changed, so that the deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value as much as possible, and finally the optimal material property value of the landslide body is obtained.
Step S4: and simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body.
Specifically, after the optimal material attribute value of the sliding mass is obtained, the real physical motion process of the sliding mass is simulated more accurately based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value of the sliding mass, and the all-directional motion of the sliding mass is obtained.
It should be noted that the main purpose of the present application is to perform remote sensing and numerical simulation on landslide motion of an urban area in a seismic zone and being reconstructed, combine InSAR measurement results and numerical models, analyze representative landslide motion and evaluate the influence of various loads.
The invention provides a method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises the steps of obtaining a two-dimensional cross section view of a landslide body, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing material attributes of the landslide body and defining boundary conditions for representing real loads of the landslide body; establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body; obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR, and adjusting a material attribute value of the landslide body under a target condition that a deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to a corresponding deformation measurement value, so as to finally obtain an optimal material attribute value of the landslide body; and simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body. Therefore, the numerical simulation method for the landslide motion by adopting finite element analysis can simulate the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body compared with the surface deformation measured by InSAR, realizes the analysis of the influence of the load on the landslide body, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the researched area; in addition, the InSAR measurement result is used as reference in the method, so that a numerical model for more accurately simulating the deformation of the landslide body is constructed, and the real physical motion process of the whole landslide body is more accurately simulated.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a specific flowchart of a method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As an alternative embodiment, the process of adjusting the material property value of the sliding mass under the target condition that the deformation simulation value of the sliding mass is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value to finally obtain the optimal material property value of the sliding mass includes:
calculating an objective function
Judging whether the objective function meets the minimization requirement or not; wherein (p)1,p2,…,pm) Is a set of material properties of the landslide body,
is the deformation analog value, U, of the ith InSAR point on the landslide bodyiThe deformation measurement value of the ith InSAR point on the landslide body is obtained, and n is the number of all InSAR points on the landslide body;
if so, taking the material attribute value of the currently adjusted landslide body as the optimal material attribute value;
if not, adjusting the material attribute value of the sliding mass through a genetic algorithm, and returning to execute the operation of calculating the target function.
Specifically, the method sets an objective function in advance:
and minimizing the target function to realize the target condition that the deformation analog value of the sliding mass is equal to the corresponding deformation measured value.
Based on the method, after a deformation simulation value of the landslide body and a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR are obtained, a target function is calculated, whether the target function meets the minimization requirement or not is judged, if the target function does not meet the minimization requirement, a material attribute value of the landslide body is adjusted through a genetic algorithm, namely, the optimal solution of a material attribute set of the landslide body is searched through natural selection and variation iteration, and the operation of calculating the target function is returned; and if the objective function meets the minimization requirement, the material attribute value of the currently adjusted sliding mass is the optimal material attribute value of the sliding mass.
As an alternative embodiment, the set of material properties of the slip mass includes effective elastic modulus, hydraulic properties, activated pore water pressure, and poisson's ratio.
Specifically, the material property set of the sliding mass of the present application includes, but is not limited to, effective elastic modulus, hydraulic properties, activated pore water pressure, and poisson's ratio, and the present application is not particularly limited thereto.
As an alternative embodiment, the boundary conditions include precipitation induced hydrodynamic effects, body loading and construction induced forces.
Specifically, the present application considers three boundary conditions in the modeling process: the first boundary condition is the hydraulic action caused by precipitation, and the precipitation changes along with time and shows seasonal trend, so that the hydraulic action caused by precipitation belongs to the transient boundary condition, the boundary condition is embodied by precipitation data, and the precipitation data can adopt satellite images to collect the precipitation data in different time periods. The second boundary condition is the body load, which represents the earth's gravity in relation to the volume of elements and materials, and assuming the major component in the landslide body geological formation under study is gravel soil, the unit weight and volume of gravel soil is used to calculate the body load. The third boundary condition is the effect of forces caused by construction of a building, which mainly consists of a building that aggravates landslide motion by applying the same downward load as the pore water pressure change, and a retaining wall that limits landslide motion by applying a lateral force. Notably, if the building is newly repaired during the monitoring period, the force will change, as it is considered a transient boundary condition. The effect of the force generated by the building is mainly in the form of pressure, and in order to calculate the pressure of the building, the pressure of the building is estimated according to the concrete density, the wall thickness and the building floor number obtained at the construction site, and can be represented as follows: p is mg/S; where m is the building mass, g is the gravitational acceleration, and S is the area of the foundation.
As an alternative embodiment, the process of obtaining a deformation measurement value of a sliding mass under InSAR includes:
based on InSAR, respectively obtaining deformation observed values of all InSAR points on a sliding mass on an ascending rail and a descending rail, and performing two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition on the deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the ascending rail and the descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points; wherein, the InSAR points comprise PS points and DS points on the landslide body;
and respectively combining the east-west deformation component and the vertical deformation component of each InSAR point to obtain the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point, wherein the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point is correspondingly used as the deformation measurement value of each InSAR point on the landslide body.
Specifically, a single track (ascending track or descending track) is generated only in the LOS (line of sight) direction. However, it is feasible to combine the observation values obtained based on InSAR on the ascending track and the descending track to approximately estimate the vertical direction component and the east-west direction component of the motion. Assuming that the X-axis points to the true east, the Y-axis points to the true north, and the Z-axis points to the vertical horizontal upward direction in the cartesian coordinate system, the coordinates of an object on the earth's surface are: u is equal to Uxsx+Uysy+UzszWherein, Ux，UyAnd UzAre the east, north and vertical components of U, and sx，syAnd szIs a unit vector in each direction. Since the monitoring satellite is polar orbiting, LOS is not sensitive to north and south, then UyCan be ignored. Using UALOS speed, U, representing rising imageDThe LOS velocity representing the descending image, since the time spans of the ascending and descending tracks are similar, assuming that the average velocities of the ascending and descending track slope motion images are the same, the projection of motion in the east-west and vertical LOS directions can be represented as: u shapeA≈Uxax+Uzaz，UD≈Uxax+UzazWherein a isxAnd azRepresenting the unit LOS vector obtained from the orbit parameters, from which the east-west and vertical distortion components can be solved.
Based on the InSAR, deformation observed values of all InSAR points on a landslide body on an ascending rail and a descending rail are respectively obtained, two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition is carried out on the deformation observed values of all the InSAR points on the ascending rail and the descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points, then the east-west deformation components and the vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points are respectively combined to obtain deformation combined quantities of all the InSAR points, namely deformation measured values of all the InSAR points on the landslide body, and the deformation combined quantities serve as reference values of deformation simulation values of all the InSAR points on the landslide body under a numerical model.
Note that each InSAR point on the slip mass includes a PS point (persistent scatterer) and a DS point (distributed scatterer).
As an optional embodiment, the process of respectively obtaining deformation observed values of each InSAR point on the ascending rail track and the descending rail track on the sliding mass includes:
acquiring an SAR image of a landslide body, carrying out data registration on the SAR image, and generating a differential interference pattern according to the SAR image after the data registration; the SAR image comprises an ascending rail image and a descending rail image;
constructing a first layer network for monitoring the deformation of partial PS points of the landslide body based on the differential interference graph, and monitoring the deformation values of the partial PS points based on the first layer network to obtain the deformation observation values of the partial PS points;
and performing phase optimization processing on the differential interference map, constructing a second-layer network for monitoring the deformation of the residual PS points and all the DS points of the sliding mass based on the differential interference map subjected to the phase optimization processing, and monitoring the deformation values of the residual PS points and all the DS points based on the second-layer network to obtain the deformation observation values of the residual PS points and all the DS points.
In particular, the present application uses a two-layer network to monitor the PS and DS points on the sliding mass with reliable deformation estimation. More specifically, the SAR images (the orbit ascending image and the orbit descending image) of the landslide body are obtained, and data registration is carried out on the SAR images of the landslide body, and specifically, the SAR images can be subjected to data registration by using General Mapping Tool Synthetic Aperture Radar (GMTSAR) software in combination with a space shuttle radar terrain mapping task (SRTM) 3-inch digital elevation model. And then generating a differential interference map according to the SAR image after data registration, and constructing a first layer network for monitoring partial PS point deformation of the landslide body based on the differential interference map. In the first-layer network, main PS points are selected as monitoring points of the first-layer network based on the amplitude dispersion so as to obtain deformation observation values of the PS points. And then carrying out phase optimization processing on the differential interference pattern, and constructing a second layer network for monitoring the deformation of the residual PS points and all DS points of the landslide body on the basis of the differential interference pattern subjected to the phase optimization processing. In the second layer network, the remaining PS points and all DS points are extended using the PS points monitored in the first layer network as reference points to obtain deformation observations of the remaining PS points and all DS points.
In addition, the method for analyzing landslide deformation of the urban area by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation is adopted to simulate landslide motion of the urban area in the great guan county as an example. The great guan county is located in the northeast of Yunnan province and the southwest of the earthquake fracture zone of Sichuan, and is one of the most prone areas of China to landslide. As shown in fig. 3, (a) indicates the study area and SAR data coverage, the dark area is the great guan county, and the rectangles a and D indicate the up-and down-orbits of the Sentinel-1 satellite image, respectively; (B) representing a geological environment of a great customs county; (C) a landslide overview is shown, comprising 22 landslides (S1-S22). The numerical simulation should be focused on a single landslide mass, and a representative landslide was analyzed by coupling InSAR measurements with numerical simulation because the formation cross-section of the entire study area was not available (S12). S12 was chosen because it is a large high risk landslide in a landslide overview and its geological, geotechnical and meteorological data can be acquired.
Referring to fig. 4, (a) shows the integrated deformation speed of InSAR synthesized landslide S12, the background being an optical image from Google Earth; (B) the relation between the thickness of gravel soil and InSAR deformation and numerical simulation is shown, and two pictures respectively show the cultivation buildings before and after reconstruction; (C) showing the cross section of the strata from T1 to T2 and the simulated deformation in the numerical simulation, the arrows indicate the surface downhill motion by InSAR and numerical modeling, respectively, and the rectangles b1, b2 and b3 show the positions of the science tower, the tilling tower and the self-knowing tower, respectively. 2D stratigraphic section of landslide S12 As shown in FIG. 4(C), landslide S12 caused structural failure, geological environment consisted of S2D marl residual sediment and artificial infill, and sliding layer was mostly quaternary soft gravel soil. The present application incorporates two-dimensional deformation to calculate downhill motion, as shown in fig. 4 (a), with a maximum combined motion of 23.2 mm/year, the direction of the combined motion generally coinciding with the downhill direction, as shown in fig. 4 (C). Numerical modeling was performed to derive the motion of the landslide S12, by iteratively searching for the optimal soil characteristics using a genetic algorithm, the surface deformation by the numerical model was consistent with the motion measured by InSAR, and then assuming the material characteristics set to be valid, the cumulative deformation by numerical modeling is shown in fig. 4 (C). InSAR can only measure surface deformation and points are sparse, while the numerical model depicts the full scale motion of the landslide S12 from surface to bottom. The weight of three major buildings (the couchman, the tilling and the self-knowing) along the cross section applies a load caused by the buildings, exacerbating the landslide motion. In particular, the tiltrotor starts to rebuild in 2018, month 5, as shown in fig. 4(B), which induces a maximum cumulative deformation of 34.9mm in the numerical modeling. The middle of the landslide S12 is cut by the jade screen, reducing the thickness of the gravel soil and its movement. Although the thickness of the gravel soil is similar, the movement of the lower part of the landslide S12 is smaller than the movement of the upper part, one of the reasons being that there is no high load caused by the building; in addition, the retaining wall mitigates downhill motion of the base by applying side loads.
Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 shows the time-series distortion of P1 and P2 in the (A) up-track (P1-A and P2-A) and (B) down-track (P1-D and P2-D) images. P1-D and P2-D were line fitted before and after 5 months of 2018, and the monthly rainfall data was collected from the national weather information center. (C), (D) and (E) are time series deformations of P3, numerical simulations were performed by independent precipitation induced hydraulic force variation, body load and construction induced force, respectively; (F) (G) and (H) are numerical simulations of cumulative deformation of hydraulic changes, body loads and forces induced by independent precipitation, respectively. The present application selects the InSAR time series deformation of two moving points to study the time evolution (FIGS. 5(A) and (B)), and also demonstrates the independent deformation caused by three boundary conditions. In the rising orbit of the Sentinel-1 satellite, seasonal motion is correlated to precipitation height, with a 1-3 month delay in the deformation cycle. Under precipitation-induced hydraulic conditions, the simulated time-series deformation showed a similar trend to the InSAR results (fig. 5 (C)). It was concluded that the seasonal trend was caused by precipitation, which is driven into motion by varying the pore water pressure, which decreases when surface water cannot penetrate into the landslide mass and increases when surface water penetrates into the landslide mass. The delay is related to the pore water pressure diffusion time since the onset of heavy precipitation. Seasonal movement is not distinguished from a descent trajectory because the LOS direction of the descent trajectory is generally parallel to the inclined surface. Simulation results show that the direction of seasonal deformation is generally perpendicular to the surface (fig. 5 (F)). Therefore, LOS deformation from a falling trajectory is not sensitive to seasonal bounces and settlement. In the descending track, P1 and P2 show continuous movement away from the sensor, which indicates continuous downhill movement. The gravel soil consolidates in response to body loads due to the squeezing of water and air in the pores. The resulting motion is continuous and shows a tendency to slow down as the merge increases (fig. 5 (D)). The body load causes a larger cumulative deformation than the other two boundary conditions, indicating that it primarily induces a cumulative downhill motion. The continuous motion of P1-D and P2-D showed constant velocity and subsequent acceleration before 5 months of 2018, indicating different causes. As described above, the cultivating building is rebuilt in 2018, month 5. Construction projects cause additional loads associated with softened soil and hydraulic changes. To model this, it was defined that the effort of the tilling building was effective from 5 months in 2018, and the pressure was gradually increased from 0kPa to 48kPa according to the calculated building weight. In this sense, the induced force of the tilling building becomes a transitional boundary condition during monitoring. The simulation results show that P3 is relatively stable at the beginning and moves significantly after 5 months in 2018 due to the rebuilding work of the tilling (FIG. 5 (E)). This component is added to the motion caused by the body load and produces an acceleration in the time series deformation. Construction projects cause permanent changes in the time series trend compared to seasonal fluctuations caused by precipitation. Note that the developed numerical model can potentially be used to predict future deformations, which are crucial for early weakening and mitigation of landslides.
In summary, there is seasonal and continuous motion in the InSAR time series variant. Seasonal motion is more noticeable in up-track images and seasonal motion is more noticeable in down-track images. Numerical simulation results show that the direction of seasonal distortion is perpendicular to the landslide surface, which explains the different seasonal behavior in the traversals. By evaluating the effect of each boundary condition, it was concluded that the body load controlled the cumulative downhill motion of S12 by squeezing water and air from the soil void. Construction works cause permanent changes in the time series trend. In S12, the re-establishment work of the tilling building was accelerated by applying additional loads associated with softened soil and hydraulic changes after 5 months in 2018. The numerical model can potentially be used to predict future landslide motion to warn and mitigate risk. The method combines InSAR remote sensing with numerical simulation, and analyzes landslide motion of the grand county city which is located in the seismic fault zone and is being quickly reconstructed. The results of the study benefited the sustainable development of the area while deepening the understanding of the interaction between landslide motion and complex loads including natural and man-made factors. Future research will integrate remote sensing and numerical simulation results to predict landslide risk and establish an early warning system.
The application also provides a system for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises:
the condition setting module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional cross section view of the landslide body, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing the material attribute of the landslide body and defining boundary conditions for representing the real load of the landslide body;
the deformation simulation module is used for establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body;
the attribute adjusting module is used for acquiring a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under the InSAR, adjusting the material attribute value of the landslide body under the target condition that the deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value, and finally obtaining the optimal material attribute value of the landslide body;
and the optimal simulation module is used for simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body.
As an optional embodiment, the attribute adjusting module is specifically configured to:
obtaining a deformation measurement value of a landslide body under InSAR and calculating a target function
Judging whether the objective function meets the minimization requirement or not; wherein (p)1,p2,…,pm) Is a set of material properties of the landslide body,
is the deformation analog value, U, of the ith InSAR point on the landslide bodyiThe method comprises the steps of obtaining a deformation measurement value of the ith InSAR point on a landslide body, wherein n is the number of all InSAR points on the landslide body;
if so, taking the material attribute value of the currently adjusted landslide body as the optimal material attribute value;
if not, adjusting the material attribute value of the sliding mass through a genetic algorithm, and returning to execute the operation of calculating the target function.
As an alternative embodiment, the process of obtaining a deformation measurement value of a sliding mass under InSAR includes:
based on InSAR, respectively obtaining deformation observed values of all InSAR points on a sliding mass on an ascending rail and a descending rail, and performing two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition on the deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the ascending rail and the descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points; wherein, the InSAR points comprise PS points and DS points on the landslide body;
and respectively combining the east-west deformation component and the vertical deformation component of each InSAR point to obtain the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point, wherein the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point is correspondingly used as the deformation measurement value of each InSAR point on the landslide body.
For introduction of the simulation system provided in the present application, reference is made to the embodiments of the simulation method described above, and details of the simulation system are not repeated herein.
The application also provides a device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, which comprises:
a memory for storing a computer program;
and the processor is used for realizing the steps of any method for coupling InSAR and analyzing landslide deformation in the urban area through numerical simulation when the computer program is executed.
For the introduction of the simulation apparatus provided in the present application, reference is made to the above-mentioned embodiments of the simulation method, which are not repeated herein.
It is further noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a two-dimensional cross section view of a landslide body, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing material properties of the landslide body and defining boundary conditions for representing real load of the landslide body;
establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body;
obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under an InSAR, and adjusting a material attribute value of the landslide body under a target condition that a deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to a corresponding deformation measurement value, so as to finally obtain an optimal material attribute value of the landslide body;
and simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body.
2. The method of claim 1 for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation, wherein the process of adjusting the material property value of the landslide body under the target condition that the deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to the corresponding deformation measurement value to finally obtain the optimal material property value of the landslide body comprises:
calculating an objective function
Judging whether the objective function meets the minimization requirement or not; wherein (p)1,p2,…,pm) Is a set of material properties of the slip mass,
is the deformation analog value, U, of the ith InSAR point on the landslide bodyiThe number n is the number of all InSAR points on the landslide body;
if so, taking the currently adjusted material attribute value of the sliding mass as the optimal material attribute value;
if not, adjusting the material attribute value of the sliding mass through a genetic algorithm, and returning to execute the operation of calculating the target function.
3. The method of coupled InSAR and numerical simulation analysis of deformation in urban landslides of claim 2 wherein the set of material properties of the landslide body includes effective elastic modulus, hydraulic properties, activated pore water pressure, and poisson's ratio.
4. The method for coupled InSAR and numerical simulation analysis of urban landslide deformation of claim 1, wherein the boundary conditions include precipitation induced hydrodynamic effects, body loading, and building construction induced forces effects.
5. The method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of obtaining the deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR comprises:
based on InSAR, respectively obtaining deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the landslide body on an ascending rail and a descending rail, and performing two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition on the deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the ascending rail and the descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points; wherein the InSAR points comprise PS points and DS points on the landslide body;
and respectively combining the east-west deformation component and the vertical deformation component of each InSAR point to obtain the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point, wherein the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point is correspondingly used as the deformation measurement value of each InSAR point on the landslide body.
6. The method for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the process of respectively obtaining deformation observed values of each InSAR point on the landslide body on the ascending rail and the descending rail comprises:
acquiring an SAR image of the landslide body, carrying out data registration on the SAR image, and generating a differential interferogram according to the SAR image after the data registration; wherein the SAR image comprises an ascending rail image and a descending rail image;
constructing a first layer network for monitoring deformation of partial PS points of the sliding mass based on the differential interference diagram, and monitoring deformation values of the partial PS points based on the first layer network to obtain deformation observation values of the partial PS points;
and performing phase optimization processing on the differential interference diagram, constructing a second-layer network for monitoring deformation of the residual PS points and all the DS points of the landslide body based on the differential interference diagram subjected to the phase optimization processing, and monitoring deformation values of the residual PS points and all the DS points based on the second-layer network to obtain deformation observation values of the residual PS points and all the DS points.
7. A system for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation is characterized by comprising:
the condition setting module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional cross section view of the sliding mass, constructing a finite element grid with a certain size based on the two-dimensional cross section view, initializing the material attribute of the sliding mass and defining the boundary condition for representing the real load of the sliding mass;
the deformation simulation module is used for establishing a numerical model for simulating the deformation of the landslide body based on the finite element grid, the material attributes and the boundary conditions, and simulating the deformation of the landslide body by using the numerical model to obtain a deformation simulation value of the landslide body;
the attribute adjusting module is used for acquiring a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under an InSAR, adjusting a material attribute value of the landslide body under a target condition that a deformation simulation value of the landslide body is equal to a corresponding deformation measurement value, and finally obtaining an optimal material attribute value of the landslide body;
and the optimal simulation module is used for simulating the real physical motion process of the landslide body based on the numerical model corresponding to the optimal material attribute value to obtain the omnibearing motion of the landslide body.
8. The system for coupled InSAR and numerical simulation analysis of urban landslide deformation of claim 7, wherein the attribute adjustment module is specifically configured to:
obtaining a deformation measurement value of the landslide body under InSAR, and calculating a target function
Judging whether the objective function meets the minimization requirement or not; wherein (p)1,p2,…,pm) Is a set of material properties of the slip mass,
is the deformation analog value, U, of the ith InSAR point on the landslide bodyiThe number n is the number of all InSAR points on the landslide body;
if so, taking the currently adjusted material attribute value of the sliding mass as the optimal material attribute value;
if not, adjusting the material attribute value of the sliding mass through a genetic algorithm, and returning to execute the operation of calculating the target function.
9. The system for coupling InSAR and numerical simulation analysis of urban landslide deformation of claim 7, wherein the process of obtaining a deformation measurement of the landslide mass under InSAR comprises:
based on InSAR, respectively obtaining deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the landslide body on an ascending rail and a descending rail, and performing two-dimensional deformation speed decomposition on the deformation observed values of all InSAR points on the ascending rail and the descending rail to obtain east-west deformation components and vertical deformation components of all the InSAR points; wherein the InSAR points comprise PS points and DS points on the landslide body;
and respectively combining the east-west deformation component and the vertical deformation component of each InSAR point to obtain the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point, wherein the deformation combination quantity of each InSAR point is correspondingly used as the deformation measurement value of each InSAR point on the landslide body.
10. A device for analyzing urban landslide deformation by coupling InSAR and numerical simulation is characterized by comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the method of coupled InSAR and numerical simulation analysis of urban landslide deformation according to any of claims 1-6 when executing the computer program.
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