CN112394529B - Unit beam splitting and combining interferometer - Google Patents
Unit beam splitting and combining interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
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Abstract
The invention relates to a unit beam splitting and combining interferometer which comprises an element, wherein a light beam enters the element and then is split into two beams of light, namely a first beam of light and a second beam of light, the first beam of light and the second beam of light are reflected in the element for even times and odd times respectively, the two beams of light are recombined in the element after reflection, and finally the two beams of light are emitted from the element. The interferometer solves the problems of complexity, insufficient stability and the like of the existing interferometer which is composed of a plurality of elements, can simultaneously realize beam splitting and beam combining in the elements through different parity of reflection times, has the advantages of compactness, stability, high integration, high efficiency, high-power tolerance and the like, and can replace the traditional interferometer composed of a plurality of elements in a plurality of application scenes, such as but not limited to vector light field generation, vortex light beam topological load measurement, quantum optical logic gates and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interferometers and prism devices, in particular to a unit beam splitting and combining interferometer.
Background
The existing prisms typically function to split light, change propagation direction, disperse light, polarize light, and the like. The prism which simultaneously realizes the double processes of beam splitting and beam combining in the single prism is blank. In light field regulation and applications, the most common class of means and requirements are: the light beam is split (amplitude or wave front splitting) first, then the two beams of light are modulated respectively and then are combined for output. The most common method is to use various interference light paths: such as Sagnac interferometers, mach-zehnder interferometers, michelson interferometers, and the like. However, the use of such interferometers often requires multiple optical components to form the optical path, and in order to ensure sufficient spatial placement of these components, the interferometric arms tend to be relatively long, with both multiple components and a long optical path adversely affecting the stability of the optical path. Therefore, how to combine the advantages of the simple and stable single prism and the function of the interferometer light field regulation into one element has very important scientific and practical significance for occasions needing to use a large number of interferometers, such as light field regulation, high-dimensional quantum optical experiments and the like. The research and invention based on the idea are almost blank at present.
Meanwhile, the single element interferometer has very important application value and significance in vector light field generation, vortex topological charge measurement and quantum optics. The current vector light field generation methods are mainly divided into an active generation method and a passive generation method, wherein the active generation method generally refers to directly generating vector beams with non-uniform spatial polarization distribution in a laser resonant cavity, for example, in 2005 and 2006, research groups respectively design special resonant cavities to generate radial vector light fields, and a Forbes group in 2016 generates multiple vector light fields in the cavity by adding a vortex phase element and a polarization element in the laser resonant cavity. The passive generation method is mainly characterized in that a vector field is generated outside a laser resonant cavity by utilizing various phase, amplitude and polarization regulating and controlling elements. The method is flexible, and particularly along with the development of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, various vector light fields can be flexibly generated, for example, a Wang Huitian research group utilizes the spatial light modulator and a 4f system to construct an arbitrary vector light field generation system, but the vector light field generated by a passive method usually relates to a large number of optical elements, most of the methods are based on the principle of beam splitting interference, although various interferometers have characteristics, the methods all relate to the joint matching of a plurality of elements to complete interference, and the light path is not simple and stable enough. Therefore, the simple, stable and efficient vector light field generating device has great significance for wide application of the vector light field.
In addition, the vortex optical field is greatly developed in nearly 30 years and is widely applied to the fields of optical micro-manipulation, super-resolution micro-imaging, micro-nano processing, nonlinear optics, quantum optics and the like, wherein how to efficiently and accurately test the topological charge of the vortex optical field has very important significance for various applications. Researchers invented a series of methods to measure the topological charge of the vortex light field: using the rotating doppler effect, using a special diffraction or interference pattern of the vortex beam, etc. For example, the topological charge is measured by methods such as double slit interference, triangular hole diffraction, cylindrical lens focusing, mach-Zehnder interferometer and the like. However, such methods have certain limitations, and often cannot give consideration to simplicity and readability, and particularly, when the topology to be measured has a very large load, the topology cannot be easily read. Therefore, a simple and compact device suitable for measuring topological loads of any size has great significance for the application of vortex rotation.
In summary, how to provide a unit beam splitting and combining interferometer to solve the problems in the prior art is significant for its application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present application is to provide a unit beam splitting and combining interferometer, so as to be applicable to a flat valve structure for switching a high-temperature medium, implement safe and reliable switching of a high-temperature medium pipeline, and meet the use requirements in high-temperature environments such as high-temperature oil and gas transmission, chemical smelting, and nuclear power plant cooling.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions.
A unit component beam splitting and combining interferometer comprises an element, wherein a light beam enters the element and then is split into two beams of light, namely a first beam of light and a second beam of light, the first beam of light and the second beam of light are reflected in the element for even times and odd times respectively, the two beams of light are combined in the element again after being reflected, and finally the two beams of light are emitted out of the element.
Preferably, the element comprises a light splitting plane, which is a polarizing light splitting plane or a non-polarizing light splitting plane.
Preferably, the first light is reflected 2 times within the cell and the second light is reflected 3 or 5 times within the cell.
Preferably, the light beam incident end and the light beam emergent end of the element are both in a right-angle structure.
Preferably, the number of prism faces of the element corresponding to the first beam of light is 2 greater than the number of reflections of the first beam of light, the number of prism faces of the element corresponding to the second beam of light is the same as the number of reflections of the second beam of light, and the prism distribution on both sides of the element is symmetrical along the central normal of the middle splitting plane.
Preferably, the number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to the first beam of light is 4, that is, the mirror surface A1, the mirror surface A2, the mirror surface A3, and the mirror surface A4, an included angle between the mirror surface A1 and the mirror surface A2, an included angle between the mirror surface A3 and the mirror surface A4 are both 154 to 160 °, and an included angle between the mirror surface A2 and the mirror surface A3 is 132 to 138 °.
Preferably, the number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to the second beam of light is 3, that is, the mirror surface B1, the mirror surface B2, and the mirror surface B3, and the included angle between the mirror surface B1 and the mirror surface B2 and the included angle between the mirror surface B2 and the mirror surface B3 are 132 to 138 °.
Preferably, the number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the second beam of light is 5, that is, the mirror surface B1, the mirror surface B2, the mirror surface B3, the mirror surface B4, and the mirror surface B5, an included angle between the mirror surface B1 and the mirror surface B2, an included angle between the mirror surface B4 and the mirror surface B5 are 162 to 168 °, and an included angle between the mirror surface B2 and the mirror surface B3, and an included angle between the mirror surface B3 and the mirror surface B4 are 147 to 153 °.
A vector light field generating device comprises the unit beam splitting and combining interferometer.
A vortex light field topological load measuring device comprises the unit beam splitting and combining interferometer.
The beneficial technical effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1) The interferometer solves the problems of complexity, insufficient stability and the like of the existing interferometer which is composed of a plurality of elements, can simultaneously realize beam splitting and beam combining in the elements through different parity of reflection times, has the advantages of compactness, stability, high integration, high efficiency, high-power tolerance and the like, and can replace the traditional interferometer composed of a plurality of elements in a plurality of application scenes, such as but not limited to vector light field generation, vortex light beam topological charge measurement, quantum optical logic gates and the like.
2) The parity of reflection times of two paths of light split inside the element is different, two beams of internally split vortex optical rotation topological charges can be combined after being opposite to each other (orbital angular momentum state orthogonality) in applications such as vortex light beam incidence, and the interference optical path formed by traditional multi-elements can be replaced in a plurality of optical measurement and quantum optical applications related to vortex optical rotation, so that the super-compactness and the extremely high stability of the optical path are realized.
3) After the light beam is incident, the light beam firstly encounters a light splitting plane (the light splitting plane can be designed and processed into a polarization light splitting plane or a non-polarization light splitting plane) in the element, the plane divides the light beam into two paths, the two paths of light are respectively subjected to odd number reflection and even number reflection in the element, and finally the two paths of light are combined through the light splitting plane in the element and are recombined through interference.
4) The reflection of the light beam can be realized by total internal reflection, and can also be realized by other reflection methods such as a dielectric film and the like; the light splitting plane can be designed and processed into a polarization light splitting plane, namely, light is split into orthogonal polarization components, and can also be a common light splitting plane, namely, the light splitting plane is insensitive to polarization.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, so that the technical means of the present application can be more clearly understood and the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following detailed description is made with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-element beam splitting and combining interferometer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an optical diagram of a component beam splitting and combining interferometer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a component beam splitting and combining interferometer according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is an optical diagram of a component beam splitting and combining interferometer according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vector light field generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a local linear polarization vector light field generated based on the vector light field generating device of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a hybrid polarization vector light field generated based on the vector light field generating device of fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a high-order poincare sphere vector light field generated by the vector light field generating device of fig. 5.
FIG. 9 is an exemplary result of measuring vortex light field topological loading using the present invention.
In the above drawings: 100. a first beam of light; 110. a mirror surface A1; 120. a mirror surface A2; 130. a mirror surface A3; 140. mirror surface A4; 200. a second beam of light; 210. a mirror surface B1; 220. a mirror surface B2; 230. a mirror surface B3; 240. a mirror surface B4; 250. a mirror surface B5; 300. a light splitting plane; 400. an incident end; 500. an ejection end; 600. 1/2 wave plate; 700. a wave plate; 800. and an analyzer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to help the embodiments of the present application be fully understood. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the embodiments for clarity and conciseness.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "the present embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Further, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time, and the term "/and" is used herein to describe another association object relationship, which means that two relationships may exist, for example, A/and B, may mean: a alone, and both a and B alone, and further, the character "/" in this document generally means that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
The term "at least one" herein is merely an association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three relationships, for example, at least one of a and B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
Example 1
A unit beam splitting and combining interferometer comprises an element, wherein a light beam enters the element and then is divided into two beams of light, namely a first beam of light 100 and a second beam of light 200, the first beam of light 100 and the second beam of light 200 are reflected for even times and odd times respectively in the element, the two beams of light are recombined in the element after reflection, and finally the two beams of light are emitted from the element in a combined manner.
The element comprises a splitting plane 300, which splitting plane 300 is a polarization splitting plane 300, i.e. splitting light into orthogonal polarization components.
Alternatively, the splitting plane 300 is a non-polarization splitting plane, which is a common splitting plane, i.e. insensitive to polarization.
The beam splitting plane 300 splits the light beam into two paths of light, namely a first light beam 100 and a second light beam 200, which undergo odd number and even number of reflections in the element, respectively, and finally pass through the beam splitting plane 300 to combine the two paths of light, and the two paths of light are interfered and combined together again. The reflection of the light beam can be realized by total internal reflection or other reflection methods such as a dielectric film.
Further, the two-path splitting ratio of the splitting plane 300 can also be flexibly designed and processed.
The number of prism faces of the element corresponding to one side of the first beam of light 100 is 2 larger than the number of reflection times of the first beam of light 100, the number of prism faces of the element corresponding to one side of the second beam of light 200 is the same as the number of reflection times of the second beam of light 200, and the prism distribution at two sides of the element is symmetrical along the central normal of the middle light splitting plane 300.
The light beam incident end 400 and the light beam emergent end 500 of the element are both right-angled structures.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the first beam of light 100 undergoes 2 reflections within the cell, and the second beam of light 200 undergoes 3 reflections within the cell (including 2 reflections from the beam splitting plane 300 and 1 reflection from the side of the cell), and finally exits the combined beam of cells.
The number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the first beam of light 100 is 4, that is, mirror surface a1110, mirror surface a2120, mirror surface a3130 and mirror surface a4140, the included angle between mirror surface a1110 and mirror surface a2120 and the included angle between mirror surface a3130 and mirror surface a4140 are 154-160 °, and the included angle between mirror surface a2120 and mirror surface a3130 is 132-138 °.
Preferably, the included angle between mirror surface a1110 and mirror surface a2120, the included angle between mirror surface a3130 and mirror surface a4140 are both 157.5 °, and the included angle between mirror surface a2120 and mirror surface a3130 is 135 °.
The number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the second beam of light 200 is 3, that is, the number of the prism surfaces is mirror surface B1210, mirror surface B2220 and mirror surface B3230, and the included angle between the mirror surface B1210 and the mirror surface B2220 and the included angle between the mirror surface B2220 and the mirror surface B3230 are 132-138 degrees.
Preferably, the included angle between the mirror surface B1210 and the mirror surface B2220 and the included angle between the mirror surface B2220 and the mirror surface B3230 are both 135 degrees.
Example 2
Based on the above embodiment 1, the same points are not repeated, but as shown in fig. 3-4, the first light beam 100 undergoes 2 reflections inside the device, and the second light beam 200 undergoes 5 reflections inside the device (including 2 reflections at the splitting plane 300 and 3 reflections at the side of the device), and finally exits from the combined device.
The number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the first beam of light 100 is 4, that is, mirror surface a1110, mirror surface a2120, mirror surface a3130 and mirror surface a4140, the included angle between mirror surface a1110 and mirror surface a2120 and the included angle between mirror surface a3130 and mirror surface a4140 are 154-160 °, and the included angle between mirror surface a2120 and mirror surface a3130 is 132-138 °.
Preferably, the included angle between mirror surface a1110 and mirror surface a2120, the included angle between mirror surface a3130 and mirror surface a4140 are both 157.5 °, and the included angle between mirror surface a2120 and mirror surface a3130 is 135 °.
The number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the second beam of light 200 is 5, namely, the mirror surface B1210, the mirror surface B2220, the mirror surface B3230, the mirror surface B4240 and the mirror surface B5250, the included angle between the mirror surface B1210 and the mirror surface B2220, the included angle between the mirror surface B4240 and the mirror surface B5250 are 162-168 degrees, the included angle between the mirror surface B2220 and the mirror surface B3230 and the included angle between the mirror surface B3230 and the mirror surface B4240 are 147-153 degrees.
Preferably, the included angle between the mirror surface B1210 and the mirror surface B2220, the included angle between the mirror surface B4240 and the mirror surface B5250 are both 165 °, and the included angle between the mirror surface B2220 and the mirror surface B3230, and the included angle between the mirror surface B3230 and the mirror surface B4240 are both 150 °.
It should be noted that the even and odd reflections of the two beams in the element are not limited to 2 and 3, 2 and 5, and other odd and even combinations, such as 4 and 7, 4 and 9, etc., can be used.
The unit component beam splitting and combining interferometer realizes beam splitting, interference and beam combining in one element, and two beams of light in the element have different reflection times parity, so that the interferometer is an integrated orthogonal polarization or same polarization unit component interferometer and has various wide applications.
The parity of the reflection times of the two paths of light in the unit beam splitting and combining interferometer is different, so when vortex light beams enter an element, the vortex light beams are split into two beams of light in the element, wherein one beam of light is reflected for even times, the vortex topological load is kept unchanged, the other beam of light is reflected for odd times, and the vortex topological load is opposite. Two beams carrying opposite topological charges are recombined in the element and are emitted, and when the light splitting plane 300 is designed to be a polarization light splitting plane, the two beams are in a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state respectively, so that the combined beam before the emission is the synthesis of the vortex beams carrying the opposite topological charges and orthogonal linear polarization basis vectors, and vector beam output is naturally formed.
Example 3
Based on the above embodiment 2, a compact vector light field generating device is constructed, as shown in fig. 5, a 1/2 wave plate 600 is placed in front of a polarization interference prism, when a horizontal polarization vortex light beam enters the 1/2 wave plate 600, the polarization direction is rotated to 2 θ, according to malus law, after the light beam enters the unit beam splitting and beam combining interferometer in embodiment 2, if the splitting plane 300 is polarization splitting, the intensity ratio of the two internally split light beams is: cos (chemical oxygen demand) 2 2θsin 2 2 theta, in addition, a 1/4 wave plate can be placed or not placed at the emergent end of the element (the polarization interference prism), if a 1/4 wave plate is placed, and the direction of the optical axis is adjusted to 45 degrees, the two light beam components are combined and emitted and then respectively modulated into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, at this time, the two left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light carrying opposite topological charges can be superposed to generate a local linear polarization vector light field, and if a babinet-like phase retarder is additionally added at the emergent end, and the phase difference between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component is changed, the type of the generated vector light field is changed by adjusting the phase difference between the two synthesized basis vectors.
FIG. 6 shows a local linear polarization vector optical field generated by the beam splitting and combining interferometer of the unit component in embodiment 2 and the optical path of FIG. 5. The first row is an emergent light spot which does not pass through the analyzer 800, and the second row to the fifth row are light spot patterns which respectively pass through the horizontal analyzer 800, the vertical analyzer 800, the 45-degree analyzer 800 and the 45-degree analyzer. The first column is the direction of the analyzer 800, the second column is a radial polarization vector field, the third column is a rotation vector light field, the fourth column is an emergent vector light field of a vortex light beam with topological charge of 3 after passing through the device in FIG. 5, and the fifth column is a vector light field generated after the vortex light beam with topological charge of 5 passes through the device in FIG. 5.
In one embodiment, if Wave Plate (WP) 700 in FIG. 5 is 1/2 wave plate 600 or the wave plate is removed, the outgoing beam vectors are the +45 ° and-45 ° linear polarization vectors, respectively, and the resulting vector light field expression:
the essence of the method is a hybrid vector light field, namely a vector light field with ellipsometry changing along a rotation direction angle, in order to represent the ellipsometry and long axis orientation of each point and completely calibrate the spatial distribution of a polarization state, the spatial distribution of Stokes parameters is measured and given out in figure 7. The hybrid field of the first two rows in FIG. 7 has one of the Stokes parameters that is always 0: s2=0. The third row represents the hybrid vector field resulting from the elliptically polarized basis vectors achieved by placing a 1/4 wave plate at WP and rotating it by an angle. The fourth row hybridization field is the case with an incident vortex topology charge of 3.
Example 4
Based on the above embodiment 3, a high-order poincare sphere vector field is generated, which is characterized by an ellipticity with a uniform space and only a long axis orientation with a spatial variation. The specific operation method is that the 1/2 wave plate 600 of the incident end 400 is rotated to change the polarization direction of incident light, so that the light intensity ratio of two beams of light in the element is changed, and the vector light field synthesized by non-uniform light intensity is obtained at the emergent end. At this time, when the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate placed behind the element (prism) is oriented at 45 °, the emission end expression thereof is:
wherein
And
based on the principle and the optical path configuration, a high-order poincare sphere vector field with left and right circular polarization basis vectors is generated as shown in the 1,2,4 line of fig. 8, wherein the 4 th line is the case of incident vortex topological charge of 5. If the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate behind the element (prism) is not in the direction of 45 degrees, the superposition of non-isocandela opposite topological charge vortex fields with elliptical polarization as the basis vector can be generated, and the emergent field at the output end after the superposition is a vector field result similar to that shown in the line 3 of fig. 8.
Example 5
Based on the above embodiment 2, the method is used for measuring the topological load of the vortex light field, for example, a vortex light beam carrying any topological load m enters the beam splitting and combining interferometer of the present unit, a light path of fig. 5 is utilized, after polarization detection, a petal-shaped light spot can be obtained, and after analysis, the number of bright petals is always equal to 2 times of the absolute value of the topological load of the incident vortex light field, so that the absolute value of the topological load of the vortex light field can be measured by counting the number of petals. In order to further judge the positive and negative of the vortex light field topological load, a vortex phase plate with the topological load of 1 can be added at the incident end 400 after one measurement, and 2 times of measurement can be carried out, if the number of petals is increased compared with the first measurement result, the topological load of the vortex light field to be measured is positive, otherwise, the topological load is negative. In the secondary measurement, the topological load of the additionally added vortex phase plate is not necessarily 1, and can be any other value.
Fig. 9 shows an example of measuring the topological charge, columns 1 and 2 respectively show an emergent light spot directly detected by the analyzer 800 and a light spot near the focal plane after being focused by the analyzer 800 and the lens, columns 3 and 4 respectively show a light spot diagram after being detected and a focal field diagram near the focal plane after being measured twice after adding the vortex phase plate with the additional topological charge of 1. From top to bottom, each row represents the measurement result of a topological charge vortex field, and the topological charge is: +4, -4, +32, -32, +64, +65. By counting the number of the petals in the first two columns, the petals can be respectively as follows from top to bottom in each row: 8,8, 64, 64, 128, 130. Adding a vortex phase plate with topological load of +1, and performing secondary measurement to obtain light spot patterns of the two last columns, wherein the number of petals is 10,6, 66, 62, 130 and 132, and the vortex topological load can be completely determined according to the measurement results of the two times: +4, -4, +32, -32, +64, +65.
The above examples demonstrate that the unit beam splitting and combining interferometer can accurately and completely measure the topological charge of the optical vortex. In addition, in this example, only a structure in which the plane of splitting 300 is a plane of the polarization splitting sheet is used, provided that another structure is used: that is, the internal splitting plane 300 is a splitting plane unrelated to polarization, so that when measuring the topology charge, the wave plate and the analyzer 800 can be omitted, and the topology charge of the vortex beam can be measured more simply.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Variations, modifications, substitutions, integrations and parameter changes of the embodiments may be made by the conventional substitutes or the same functions may be performed within the spirit and principle of the invention without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A unit beam splitting and combining interferometer is characterized by comprising an element, wherein a light beam enters the element and then is split into two beams of light, namely a first beam of light (100) and a second beam of light (200), the first beam of light (100) and the second beam of light (200) are reflected for even times and odd times respectively in the element, the two beams of light are recombined in the element after reflection, and finally the two beams of light are emitted from the element;
the element comprises a light splitting plane (300), wherein the light splitting plane (300) is a polarization light splitting plane (300) or a non-polarization light splitting plane (300);
the first beam of light (100) undergoes 2 reflections within the cell and the second beam of light (200) undergoes 3 or 5 reflections within the cell;
the light beam incidence end (400) and the light beam emission end (500) of the element are both of a right-angle structure;
the number of prism surfaces of one side of the element corresponding to the first beam of light (100) is 2 larger than the number of reflection times of the first beam of light (100), the number of prism surfaces of one side of the element corresponding to the second beam of light (200) is the same as the number of reflection times of the second beam of light (200), and the prism distribution of the two sides of the element is symmetrical along the central normal of the middle light splitting plane (300);
the number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the first beam of light (100) is 4, namely a mirror surface A1 (110), a mirror surface A2 (120), a mirror surface A3 (130) and a mirror surface A4 (140), the included angle between the mirror surface A1 (110) and the mirror surface A2 (120) and the included angle between the mirror surface A3 (130) and the mirror surface A4 (140) are 157.5 degrees, and the included angle between the mirror surface A2 (120) and the mirror surface A3 (130) is 135 degrees;
when the second beam of light (200) undergoes 3 reflections within the element: the number of prism surfaces of the element corresponding to one side of the second beam of light (200) is 3, namely a mirror surface B1 (210), a mirror surface B2 (220) and a mirror surface B3 (230), and the included angle between the mirror surface B1 (210) and the mirror surface B2 (220) and the included angle between the mirror surface B2 (220) and the mirror surface B3 (230) are 135 degrees;
or when the second beam of light (200) is reflected for 5 times in the element, the number of prism surfaces on one side of the element corresponding to the second beam of light (200) is 5, namely, the included angle between the mirror surface B1 (210) and the mirror surface B2 (220), the included angle between the mirror surface B4 (240) and the mirror surface B5 (250) are 165 degrees, the included angle between the mirror surface B2 (220) and the mirror surface B3 (230), and the included angle between the mirror surface B3 (230) and the mirror surface B4 (240) are 150 degrees;
when the second light beam (200) is reflected for 3 times or 5 times in the element, the included angle between the mirror surface A1 (110) and the light splitting plane (300) is 45 degrees, and the included angle between the mirror surface B1 and the light splitting plane (300) is 45 degrees.
2. A vector light field generating device comprising the single element beam splitting and combining interferometer of claim 1.
3. A vortex light field topological load measuring device is characterized by comprising the unit beam splitting and combining interferometer of claim 1.
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